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What is the historical background and international significance of Wang Chengshu's invention of the atomic bomb?
Wang Chengshu is an expert in gas dynamics and uranium isotope separation. Committed to the study of rarefied gas dynamics, he was the first to discover the eigenvalue theory for solving Boltzmann equation, and put forward the generalized Boltzmann equation suitable for polyatomic gases, namely "WCV" equation. After returning to China, he engaged in uranium isotope separation, which laid the foundation for theoretical research on uranium isotope separation in China and trained a theoretical research team. He contributed to the development of China's first atomic bomb.

But you said she invented it and needed to study it.

1939 Wang Chengshu married Zhang Wenyu, a professor at Southwest Associated University who came back from England. After marriage, her ambition has not diminished. With Zhang Wenyu's active support and her own efforts, 194 1 the Barber Scholarship of the University of Michigan accepted the application of a married woman as an exception. During her stay in the United States, Professor Uhlenbeck was her mentor and collaborator. Uhlenbeck was one of the discoverers of electron spin, and later became the academic authority of theoretical physics. 1980, Uhlenbeck published an article in the Yearbook of Fluid Mechanics, which reviewed and spoke highly of her and Wang Chengshu's research in this period. During his stay in the United States, Wang Chengshu mainly engaged in the research on the theory of gas molecular motion, and published many important papers that were at the forefront of the world at that time. As we all know, all substances are composed of microscopic particles (molecules, atoms). The theory of gas molecular motion studies the motion of a large number of microscopic particles (molecules) in gas by statistical methods, thus obtaining the law of gas macroscopic properties. The macroscopic properties of gas can be obtained by the velocity distribution function of molecules. Therefore, solving the velocity distribution function of molecules is the core of this topic. 1948, Wang Chengshu found an important mistake about bernat's result in Chapman and T.G. Colin's mechanical classic Mathematical Theory of Inhomogeneous Gas (1 edition). Wang Chengshu's achievements were of great value to the research of high-altitude physics and gas dynamics at that time. However, due to some reasons, this paper was not published in time until Uhlenbeck published 1970 for her in the United States. Wang Chengshu's research achievements have been cited by many famous scholars in the United States, Russian, Italian and domestic. It lays a theoretical foundation for uranium isotope separation in China. At the end of 1956, the Institute of Modern Physics hoped that Wang Chengshu would separate uranium isotopes. At that time, she was over 40 years old, and it was very difficult to start a job that she had never done before! In the United States, she heard that this is a difficult and mysterious technology, which is mastered by only a few countries in the world and kept strictly confidential. She never imagined that the country would give her such a heavy burden. She made it clear: "No one has done this job, and it is not easy for anyone to do it. Other people's work is already on track, and they are still carrying young comrades. Only when I have just returned to work, or when I do it, it has the least impact on the work of the office. " So, she quietly made preparations. But at that time, the whole country was engaged in "anti-Rightism", and this matter was shelved. 1958 In the spring, Wang Chengshu was assigned to eight college students who just graduated from Peking University and asked to teach them the course of uranium isotope separation theory. She refers to the theoretical works of American scholar K. Cohen, talks while learning, and often admonishes students to integrate theory with practice. From 65438 to 0958, the Institute of Atomic Energy decided to build a thermonuclear fusion laboratory, and Wang Chengshu was transferred to the laboratory to engage in theoretical work. 1959 was sent to the Soviet institute of atomic energy for an internship for three months. On the train back home, she translated the book about thermonuclear fusion in Project Sherwood (pen name Guo Zhen). After two years of hard work, she has been very familiar with this technology and has developed a strong interest. At that time, thermonuclear fusion was a hot field of world science and technology, and she was preparing to join this fierce international "competition". However, in the early 1960s, the Soviet Union withdrew its experts, which put China's first gas diffusion plant, which was fully equipped with Soviet machines, in trouble. Information is incomplete and problems are piling up. Before leaving, an expert said, "Your diffusion factory can't be built!" One day in March, the leader invited Wang Chengshu again, hoping that she would remain anonymous and shoulder this heavy responsibility. Wang Chengshu still put the national interest first, and once again gave up the job he loved. In the afternoon, he went to the Institute of Atomic Energy, and started from scratch again, and conducted theoretical research on uranium isotope separation for decades.

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