Physics began in the era of Galileo and Newton, and now it has become a basic science with many branches. Physics is an experimental science, and it is also a science that advocates rationality and attaches importance to logical reasoning. Physics, which makes full use of mathematics as its working language, is the most accurate natural science subject today.
Six characteristics of physics
1. Truth: The theories and experiments of physics reveal the mysteries of nature and reflect the objective laws of material movement.
2. Harmony and unity: the movement of celestial bodies in mysterious space, described by Kepler's three laws, shows how harmonious and orderly it is. Several great unifications in physics also show the feeling of beauty.
Newton unified all macroscopic objects in the sky and on the ground with three laws and the law of universal gravitation. The establishment of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory unified electricity and magnetism. Einstein's equation of mass and energy unifies mass and energy. The wave-particle duality theory of light unifies particles and fluctuations. Einstein's theory of relativity unified time and space again.
3. Simplicity: The mathematical language of physical laws embodies the simplicity of physics. For example: Newton's second law, Einstein's equation of mass and energy, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
4. Symmetry: Symmetry generally refers to the symmetry of the shape of an object, and the deep symmetry is manifested in the development and change of things or the symmetry of objective laws. For example, the spatial lattice structure of various crystals in physics has high symmetry. Vertical throwing motion, simple harmonic vibration, wave mirror symmetry, magnetoelectric symmetry, symmetry of acting force and reaction force, positive particle and antiparticle, positive matter and antimatter, positive charge and negative charge, etc.
5. Predictability: The correct physical theory can not only explain the physical phenomena discovered at that time, but also predict the physical phenomena that could not be detected at that time. For example, Maxwell's electromagnetic theory predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves, Rutherford predicted the existence of neutrons, Fresnel's diffraction theory predicted that there was a Poisson bright spot in the diffraction center of a disk, and Dirac predicted the existence of electrons.
6. Exquisite: The physical experiment is exquisite, and the ingenious design method makes the physical phenomenon more obvious.