Wang Shouwu (19 19 March 15 -20 14 July 30), a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, was a semiconductor device physicist and microelectronics scientist, and one of the pioneers and founders of semiconductor science and technology in China.

Wang Shouwu 194 1 graduated from Tongji University, 1945 went to study in the United States, 1949 received a doctorate from Purdue University in the United States, and 1979 was awarded the title of national model worker; 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

Presided over the successful development of the first GaAs semiconductor laser in China; He presided over the successful development of 4000-bit and 16000-bit DRAM LSI, and made important contributions to the research and development of semiconductor materials, semiconductor devices and LSI in China. .

Chinese name: Wang Shouwu.

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Suzhou, Jiangsu Province

Date of birth: 19 19 March 15.

Date of death: 2065438+July 30, 2004

Occupation: teaching and scientific research worker

Graduate school: Tongji University

Main achievements: 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

Masterpiece: Theory of Electron Voltaic Effect in Semiconductors.

The life of the character

19 19 March 15, Wang Shouwu was born in dongshan town, Suzhou, Jiangsu. When I was a child, I was often entangled in malaria, and my physical condition was poor, and my intelligence was once affected. After school, frequent sick leave and continuous self-study made Wang Shouwu develop a taciturn, introverted personality and a habit of being good at independent thinking.

1923, when he was 4 years old, his father and others went to Shanghai to set up a machinery factory, and his family moved. In less than two years, the factory closed down and a lot of processing tools were distributed at home, so that Wang Shouwu learned the skills of fitter matching keys, repairing household appliances and winding transformers at home, and cultivated and honed his practical ability. After work, his father, who loves mathematics, often tells his children some interesting mathematics or gives them some intelligence tests to answer. Wang Shouwu listened to his father's question about how to find pi with his brothers and sisters. Although he doesn't understand it, the characteristics of the irrational number "π" have always been printed in his mind.

1930 Wang Shouwu, a private primary and secondary school student in Zhi Min, Wang Shouwu, published a short article "Our Responsibility Now and in the Future" in theNo. 1 1 issue of Zhi Min.

1934, my father returned to Shanghai after retiring from the Engineering Research Institute of the Academia Sinica in Beiping. His family moved back to Suzhou because of his nostalgia for his hometown. Wang Shouwu also transferred to the provincial Suzhou Middle School.

1935, Wang Shouwu was admitted to Tongji University as a preparatory course, and entered the Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering in the following year. At Tongji University, Wang Shouwu studied science smoothly and achieved excellent results.

1937, Japanese imperialism launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, and the war soon spread to Shanghai. In August, Japanese planes bombed Wusong area one after another, and the building of Tongji University was destroyed. The school was forced to move from Wusong to Shanghai Concession, and soon the war in Shanghai intensified, and then the school moved several times. Due to the fall of his hometown Suzhou, Wang Shouwu once lost contact with his fleeing parents. Because he didn't know when he could get in touch with his family, he had to save his money. He usually eats at the stalls where rickshaw pullers and ordinary people at the bottom eat. 194 1 In the spring of, Tongji University moved to Lizhuang Town, Yibin, Sichuan for the sixth time. In the process of drift from place to place, Wang Shouwu ended his college study.

194 1 In the spring of, Wang Shouwu became a civil servant in Kunming after graduating from the temporary school building of Tongji University in the suburbs of Kunming, where his brother Wang Shoujing was the general manager. A year later, he joined China Gonghe Fansha Experimental Factory as the director of public works. After the internship, Wang Shouwu, who was inarticulate, felt that he was not suitable for factory management, so he applied to return to his alma mater to teach, and the school has moved to Lizhuang, Sichuan.

1945 10, Wang Shouwu went across the ocean to study engineering mechanics at Purdue University Graduate School in Indiana, USA, where he studied under R.M.Sturm and obtained his master's degree in June of the following year. Wang Shouwu achieved excellent results in all subjects, especially in mathematics, and was praised by teachers and classmates. In order to encourage Wang Shouwu to pursue further studies, the school funded him to pursue a doctorate. At this time, the emerging quantum mechanics attracted Wang Shouwu's interest. He turned from engineering mechanics to studying the laws of motion of microscopic particles, with H.M. James as his mentor. Two years later, Wang Shouwu completed his thesis entitled "A New Method for Calculating the Binding Energy and Compressibility Coefficient of Sodium Metal" and obtained his doctorate. After the appointment of the head of the Department of Engineering Mechanics at Purdue University, he stayed on as a teacher. At this time, he and Ms. Ge Xiuhuai, who also studied at Purdue University, formed a warm family and lived a quiet and comfortable life.

/kloc-0 taught at purdue university from February 1949 to August 1950.

1On June 25th, 950, the Korean War broke out. Wang Shouwu submitted an application to return to the United States on the grounds of "returning home to serve her widowed mother". After being approved, with the assistance of the Indian embassy in the United States, the formalities for leaving the United States were quickly completed. In June 5438+the same year 10, the couple left the United States and returned to their hometown with their daughter under one year old.

1950 10, went to Shenzhen and returned to China via Hong Kong. From June of the same year 1 1, he was employed by the Institute of Applied Physics of China Academy of Sciences.

1at the end of 950, Wang Shouwu had just set foot on the land of the motherland, and his superiors gave him an urgent task: to design a special kind of car light and road sign for the volunteer transport team in the front line to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, so that the "loveliest person" of the motherland could drive at night in the front line of Korea without being discovered by enemy planes and bombed. Wang Shouwu, eager to serve his country, immediately organized the researchers of his Institute of Applied Physics to design and produce. According to the principle of directional reflection of light on the cone, he made the light reflected by the specially designed lamp on the road sign only shoot at the driver's eyes, thus avoiding the possibility of enemy aircraft finding it. After the design was completed, the field test was carried out and the task was successfully completed.

195 1 In May, after the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the local government found that Tibetans were extremely short of fuel and energy, but the plateau was sunny, so it made a request to the Chinese Academy of Sciences to design and manufacture solar cookers for them. Wang Shouwu, who was appointed to be in charge of this design task, decided to adopt a reflection system consisting of multiple narrow-cone mirrors, considering the difficulty in manufacturing large-area parabolic mirrors. By adjusting the inclination of each cone, the light parallel to the main axis direction is reflected to the center of the solar cooker. After the design is successful, it can boil a pot of water in 15 minutes. This kind of solar cooker has been playing a role in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for a long time.

1in the spring of 953, China Academy of Sciences sent personnel to the Soviet Union to inspect the progress of Soviet scientific research. After returning to China, the delegation visited the Soviet Union and reported its great achievements and rapid progress in semiconductor science and technology. This information makes China scientists, especially physicists, further realize the importance of semiconductor science and technology in the cause of socialist construction, and should vigorously promote this work. Therefore, the Standing Council of the Chinese Physical Society decided to hold a national symposium on semiconductor physics 1955+0 at the end of June.

1954, Wang Shouwu, as a member of the preparatory group of the seminar, cooperated with Huang Kun, Hong and Tang Dingyuan who returned to China at the same time to translate the book Semiconductor in Modern Physics written by A.F. Yoffie, an authoritative scholar of semiconductors in the Soviet Union, which was published by Science Press in 1955. From 65438 to 0955, Huang Kun opened the course of semiconductor physics in the Physics Department of Peking University, and this new course was also taught by the four of them. 1956 1 these four experts, together with the experts who returned to China later, introduced "semiconductors" in many aspects at the annual meeting of the Physical Society, hoping to attract the attention of relevant parties. The topics of Wang Shouwu's report are "Semiconductor Rectifier" and "Theory of Electronic Voltaic Effect of Semiconductor".

During this period, as a pioneering work of semiconductor science, Wang Shouwu carried out research on manufacturing conditions and performance of selenium and cuprous oxide rectifiers, and analyzed some performance of semiconductor rectifiers in theory. Its research results have been published in the Chinese Journal of Physics.

During the period of 1956- 1957, Wang Shouwu was the director of the semiconductor teaching and research section of Tsinghua University Radio Department.

1956 is a key turning point in Wang Shouwu's scientific research. Because in this year, Wang Shouwu was invited to Jingxi Hotel to participate in the discussion and formulation of the National Twelve-year Science and Technology Development Vision Plan presided over by Premier Zhou Enlai. Among the 57 major scientific and technological projects identified, the development of semiconductor technology is listed as one of the four emergency measures. In order to carry out this urgent task, the relevant departments of the central government decided that well-known scholars such as Huang Kun, Xie Xide and Wang Shouwu should make a surprise attack on training talents and engaging in pioneering research. Aware of the importance of this work, Wang Shouwu resolutely interrupted other scientific research projects, devoted himself to semiconductor research, and established the first semiconductor laboratory in China-Institute of Applied Physics of China Academy of Sciences.

1957, when Lin Lanying returned to China, Wang Shouwu personally went to the hotel where she stayed, and mobilized her to work in the semiconductor working group as the leader of the material research group to implement the drawing scheme of silicon single crystal. With the joint efforts of Wang Shouwu and Lin Lanying, the first silicon single crystal in China was born in July 1965. In order to promote the research of the second generation (transistor type) electronic computer in China, under the leadership of Wang Shouwu and relevant comrades, the earliest transistor factory in China, China Academy of Sciences 109 Factory, was established in 1958 to engage in the mass production of germanium high-frequency transistors. In the case of personnel and equipment difficulties, organize the whole factory to fight. By the end of 1959, 12 varieties and 145 thousand germanium transistors had been provided for the development of 109 B computer, and the required device production was completed.

1In August, 958, Wang Shoujue, who led the device group in Wang Shouwu, returned from studying in the Soviet Union, which promoted the dual process of "alloying" and "diffusion" of semiconductors, promoted the development of transistors to improve their working frequency, and accelerated the development of the first batch of germanium high-frequency alloy diffusion transistors in China.

1In the spring of 957, Professor Lin Lanying returned from the United States and was appointed as the head of the materials research group of the semiconductor laboratory. Under her leadership, the furnace for drawing silicon single crystal was redesigned. With the joint efforts of Wang Shouwu and Lin Lanying, in July 1958, the first silicon single crystal in China was made with the silicon single crystal brought back from abroad by Lin Lanying as the seed crystal.

1958, Wang Shouwu led the establishment of the earliest transistor factory in China-China Academy of Sciences 109 factory. As soon as the factory was established, germanium high-frequency transistors began mass production. In the case of personnel and equipment difficulties, he organized the whole factory to go all out. By the end of 1959, he had provided 12 varieties and 145 thousand germanium high-frequency alloy diffusion transistors for the 109 B computer developed by the Institute of Computing Technology, completed the production task of semiconductor devices needed by the machine, and provided technical support for the task of two bombs and one satellite in time.

1960 in April, Wang Shouwu was appointed as the deputy director of the preparatory committee of the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

1960 On September 6th, the Semiconductor Research Institute was formally established on the basis of the former Semiconductor Research Office of the Institute of Applied Physics, and Wang Shouwu was appointed as the deputy director of the first business, responsible for the management of scientific research business and the establishment of pioneering branches.

From 65438 to 0962, according to the decision of the State Science and Technology Commission, Wang Shouwu established the National Semiconductor Testing Center in the Semiconductor Institute, and concurrently served as the director of the center.

From 1960 to 1983, Wang Shouwu was a researcher and deputy director of the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

1960 February, Wang Shouwu joined the China * * * production party.

1963, Wang Shouwu established the laser laboratory and served as its director. At that time, under the leadership of researcher Lin Lanying, the Materials Research Office of Semiconductor Institute successfully developed gallium arsenide single crystal materials, which made it possible to engage in the research and development of semiconductor gallium arsenide lasers. Under the laboratory conditions at that time, it was difficult to orient single crystals with X-rays. Wang Shouwu innovated a new method of optical orientation, which greatly accelerated the development process and improved the yield of each process. Led by Wang Shouwu, our laboratory successfully developed the first semiconductor laser in China on the eve of New Year's Day in 1964.

1968 In the spring, the then leader of the Science and Technology Commission specially asked Wang Shouwu to urgently complete a weapon dissection task brought back from the Vietnamese battlefield. Wang Shouwu boarded the ship to Xi 'an without hesitation. In the late period of the Cultural Revolution, Premier Zhou Enlai called for "attaching importance to basic theoretical research". Facing the difficult situation that the research team of basic theory in Semiconductor Institute was severely damaged by the Cultural Revolution, Wang Shouwu took active actions and started the research of basic theory, and made an in-depth study of the avalanche relaxation oscillation of the newly discovered domain in Geng Shi devices. Based on this work, the paper was read at the annual meeting in american physical society on 1975, which was well received by foreign colleagues and published in China Science that year. On this basis, he began to use computer simulation technology to analyze the high-field domain dynamics in Geng Shi devices, and obtained a series of achievements and published many papers.

1978 10, the leading comrades of the Chinese academy of sciences invited Wang Shouwu to the office and asked him to go out and change the status quo, and be fully responsible for the research of 4000-bit MOS random access memory for large-scale integrated circuits.

From 65438 to 0973, Wang Shouwu led the research on high-field domain dynamics and domain avalanche of semiconductor lasers. 65438-0978, leading the research and development of semiconductor large-scale integrated circuits and their processes.

1980, just after the spring festival, the superior asked Wang Shouwu to be the director of Chinese academy of sciences 109, to popularize 4,000 large-scale integrated circuits and conduct large-scale integrated circuit production experiments, so as to improve the yield and reduce the cost. 1985 won the second prize of scientific and technological progress of China Academy of Sciences.

1March, 1980 to1February, 1985, Wang Shouwu was also the director of the Chinese academy of sciences 109 factory. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences and began to be the editor-in-chief of Journal of Semiconductors.

1986 65438+ 10, at the initiative of Wang Shouwu, the superior merged the whole team engaged in large-scale integrated circuit research of semiconductor institute into 109 factory to form the "Microelectronics Center" of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Wang Shouwu, who is very old, was appointed honorary director for life. Wang Shouwu left her present job and devoted herself to academic research.

20 14 at 6: 06 on July 30th, Wang Shouwu died in the United States at the age of 95.

Major achievements

achievements in scientific research

The first transistor factory in China was built in 1958. Starting from 1963, he devoted himself to the research of GaAs laser, created a simple optical orientation method, and promoted the successful development of the first GaAs laser in China. Since 1973, some unique academic viewpoints have been put forward in the process of leading the research on GaAs high-field domain dynamics and the transient and photoelectric characteristics of PNPN negative resistance lasers. From 65438 to 0978, he led scientific and technical personnel to study how to improve the yield of large-scale integrated circuit chips, and solved a series of technical problems, which significantly improved the yield of large-scale integrated circuit chips in China and greatly reduced the cost.

1979, due to the successful development of 4000-bit MOS dynamic random access memory, the research on improving the die yield of N-channel MOS4096x1bit DRAM won the first prize of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1980, and it won the great honor of China Academy of Sciences due to the successful development of 16K bit mos dynamic random access memory. 1985 successfully won the second prize of scientific and technological progress of China Academy of Sciences, the second prize of scientific and technological progress of China Academy of Sciences for guiding the research of semiconductor bistable lasers, and 1987 won the second prize of scientific and technological progress prize of the Academy of Sciences for participating in the research on the new technological revolution in the world and China's countermeasures.

personnel training

1958, China University of Science and Technology, headed by Guo Moruo, President of China Academy of Sciences, was established. Wang Shouwu served as deputy director of the Department of Physics (Part II) and director of semiconductor specialty, and taught semiconductor physics (Part II) to 1980 to senior students. During this period, the teaching content and scientific research direction of semiconductor specialty in the school were arranged by Wang Shouwu, including arranging students to go to semiconductor research institute for internship and graduation thesis. His efforts have yielded fruitful results, and many of his students have now become pillar talents in the field of semiconductor technology.

Honor recognition

1979 won the title of national model worker; 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

social service

Personal life

19 19, Wang Shouwu was born in Mo Wang, a famous family in Dongshan, Suzhou. His grandfather, Wang, was a famous historian and writer in the late Qing Dynasty, who advocated practical application. His grandmother Xie Changda is a famous pioneer of feminist movement in Suzhou. She once organized a mobilization meeting to publicize women's liberation and independence, and co-founded Zhenhua Girls' School.

Wang Shouwu's parents are studious people, and almost all of them are pioneers of early modern science in China. Uncle Wang Jilie was a physics educator in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He translated and compiled many science textbooks, and was the first person to advocate the use of "physics" to translate the word physics in western languages. Uncle Wang Jidian graduated from the Department of Applied Chemistry in tokyo institute of technology, and was enthusiastic about "saving the country through industry". He once founded Match Company and Beijing Yuquan Brewing Company, served as the chairman and participated in technical guidance. Uncle Wang is one of the earliest mechanical engineering experts in China. He once taught in Peking University and Beiping Institute of Technology, and served as acting dean of the Engineering College of Beiyang University. Wang Shouwu's aunts also received modern education. They either study in Japan and the United States, or are admitted to famous schools such as Tsinghua. Aunt Wang Ji _ 19 18 received her doctorate from the University of Chicago, USA, and was the first female doctor in China.

In family education, Wang Shouwu was greatly influenced by his father Wang Jitong. His father, Wang Jitong, is highly accomplished in mechanical engineering and mathematics. I went to England as an attache of the European Student Supervision Office of the Qing government, and worked as an intern in the British Electric Company and Siemens Motor Factory in Germany. Up to now, China scholars first published papers on modern mathematics in international academic journals, participated in the preparatory work of Academia Sinica, and later worked as full-time researchers in the Institute of Engineering until their retirement.

Wang Shouwu still remembers his father telling us how to find pi, natural logarithm and logarithm base. Wang Jitong once bought an old hand-cranked computer from a second-hand stall. He showed the children how to use it to calculate, such as how to calculate the base e of natural logarithm. Most of the children in the Wangs are gifted. When Wang Ji gave an intelligence test, his brothers and sisters often scrambled to answer it, while Wang Shouwu was sickly and didn't like to talk. At that time, in the eyes of his brothers and sisters, he was a wooden brother. In fact, the seeds of mathematics have been deeply buried in the heart of this "stupid child". In middle school, Wang Shouwu finished a mathematical paper on pi.

The Wangs have all kinds of processing tools and materials. Children make keys together, repair household appliances, wind transformers, connect simple circuits, make electromagnets and so on. In such a family atmosphere, the children of the Wang family later made great achievements. Wang Shouwu's brothers and sisters *** 12, 5 people died young and grew up to 7 people. In addition to Wang Shouwu and Wang Shoujue, two academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, there is also one of the founders of obstetrics and gynecology in China, who is as famous as Lin, and a doctor of medicine studying in the United States. There is Wang Shoujing, the first scholar in China who received a Ph.D. degree from Columbia University at 1928. He has made great achievements in the study of quantum mechanics. There is Wang Mingzhen, one of the earliest famous female physicists in China and the first female professor in Tsinghua University.

Before receiving his doctorate,1May, 948, Wang Shouwu married Ms. Ge Xiuhuai, a classmate of three years. After marriage, China students often come to the Wangs' home for parties. Deng Jiaxian, who was studying in Purdue at that time, was one of Wang Shouwu's frequent visitors. The Chicago-based China Association of Scientists Studying in the United States has set up a branch in Purdue. Deng Jiaxian is one of the officers of Purdue Branch, so Wang Shouwu participated in the activities of studying in the United States for the Association for Science and Technology.

Personality assessment

Wang Shouwu, a semiconductor physicist and microelectronics scientist who enjoys high prestige in China's semiconductor industry, takes the development of China's semiconductor science as his own responsibility and strives for it all his life.

He is far-sighted, full of pioneering spirit, and has the courage to explore new fields and win new achievements with the development of national economy and the enhancement of comprehensive national strength as the starting point; He is very serious about his work, meticulous, attaches importance to practice, pays attention to practical results, and strictly follows scientific laws; He is loyal and honest, and treats people with enthusiasm and humility; His style is democratic and approachable. Whether in academic discussions or doing other work, he is always modest and prudent, treats others equally and talks about fame and fortune. Like his scientific achievements, he won people's love and respect.

Mr. Wang Shouwu is open-minded, self-denial, self-discipline, generous and loyal to the party, the country and the people. He wrote a wonderful life with selfless dedication and set a brilliant example for us. His life was a life of unremitting struggle for the cause of science, and his death was a great loss to the scientific community.

Wang Shouwu is a famous semiconductor device physicist and microelectronics scientist in China. Founder of the first semiconductor laboratory, semiconductor device factory, semiconductor research institute and national semiconductor testing center in China.

Personality influence

In June, 2006 165438+ 10, Wang Shouwu and his wife donated 40,000 yuan to set up a "Scholarship for Talents" in Lin Ze Senior High School in Ezhou City, Hubei Province, to reward students with excellent grades and poor families.