Senior high school physics test questions and answering skills answering skills of multiple-choice questions
Multiple-choice questions generally examine students' understanding of basic knowledge and basic laws and apply these knowledge to some qualitative reasoning and quantitative calculation. When answering multiple-choice questions, we should pay attention to the following questions:
(1) Every option should be carefully studied to choose the best answer. When an option is uncertain, it is better to choose less.
(2) pay attention to the requirements of the stem, so that you can choose incorrect, possible or certain.
(3) Believe the first judgment: Please be extra careful when modifying the already judged topic. Only when you find that the first judgment is definitely wrong, and the other 100% is correct, can you make changes. Never change when you are uncertain. This is especially important for students of middle and lower level.
(4) Common methods of doing multiple-choice questions:
① Screening (elimination) method: According to the information in the topic and the knowledge you have, from easy to difficult, gradually eliminate unreasonable options and finally approach the correct answer.
② Special value (special case) method: let some physical quantities take special values and make judgments through simple analysis and calculation. Only applicable to multiple-choice questions that can exclude the rest of the wrong options after substituting special values in each option.
(3) Limit analysis method: a method that limits some physical quantities and draws conclusions.
④ Direct inference method: using the learned physical concepts and laws, grasping the relationship between various factors, analyzing, reasoning, judging, and even using mathematical tools to calculate, get the results and determine the options.
⑤ Observe and choose by feeling: In the face of multiple-choice questions, when you really feel at a loss, you can make a bold guess by observing the similarities and differences of the options, the length, the affirmation of the language, the differences of expressions, the corresponding or similar physical laws and physical experiences. When you have successfully completed the examination paper, you can analyze the questions later. Maybe you have an idea again at this time.
⑥ Using the whole method and isolation method skillfully: When analyzing multiple objects, the method of whole first and then part is generally adopted.
Answering skills of experimental questions
(1) Experimental questions generally appear in the form of fill-in-the-blank questions or drawing questions. As a fill-in-the-blank question, the numerical value, unit, direction or symbol should be fully filled in; As a drawing problem: ① The physical quantity, unit, scale and coordinate origin indicated by the vertical and horizontal axes should be marked on the function image. ② The range of ammeter, positive and negative polarity, internal and external connection of ammeter, connection of rheostat and position of sliding contact should be comprehensively considered in the electrical physical diagram. ③ Arrows can't be omitted in the light path diagram, the virtual and real lines should be used correctly, and the readings of various instruments and meters must pay attention to effective figures and units; The physical connection diagram should first draw a circuit diagram (the position of the instrument should correspond); All kinds of drawings and connections should be written in pencil (easy to modify) and finally blacked out with a black signature pen.
(2) Routine experiment questions: mainly examine textbook experiments. In recent years, we have checked more experimental equipment, principles, steps, readings, attention problems, data processing and error analysis. When answering the routine experimental questions, we have made a detailed examination of this topic, so we should make great efforts to be detailed, true and complete.
Answering skills of calculation problems
1, backbone, key knowledge key disposal
While clarifying the overall knowledge framework of senior high school physics, we should master the formula sources, application conditions and rare applications of the main knowledge (such as Newton's law, momentum theorem, momentum conservation, energy conservation, ohm's law of closed circuit, motion characteristics of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, total reflection phenomenon, etc.). ), on the basis of understanding and understanding, grasp the comprehensive application and horizontal connection of all kinds of knowledge, thus forming a crisscross network.
2. Solve problems skillfully and flexibly.
Basic methods: examination skills, analysis ideas, selection rules, establishing equations, solving operations, verifying discussions, etc.
Skill method: refers to some special methods such as holistic method, isolation method, model method, equivalence method, extreme hypothesis method, image method and extreme value method.
In exercise training, we should spend some time repeatedly strengthening the general methods of solving problems in order to form good scientific thinking habits, and on this basis, we should supplement special skills to get twice the result with half the effort.
In addition, we must master the problem-solving strategies of three priorities and four analysis, that is, the whole method takes precedence, the kinetic energy theorem takes precedence, and the momentum theorem takes precedence; Analyze the force of objects, analyze the motion of objects, analyze the work done by forces, and analyze the energy transformation between objects. Form an organic, multi-angle and multi-sided network of problem-solving methods.
3. Special training should be targeted.
The main purpose of special training is to summarize the general problem-solving methods and their variants through the guidance of problem-solving methods. And we should pay special attention to the systematic review of four kinds of comprehensive questions:
(1), emphasizing the problem of physical process, we should distinguish the physical process, understand the characteristics of each stage, the relationship between them, choose physical laws, choose problem-solving methods, and form problem-solving ideas.
(2) Model problems, such as the balance problem of charged particles in the compound field, chasing problem, man-ship problem, collision problem, acceleration and deflection problem, can be easily solved as long as the physical process is reasonably related to the original model.
(3) For highly skilled topics, such as critical problems, fuzzy problems, and problems of combining mathematics and physics, we should pay attention to the excavation of hidden conditions, the breakthrough of key points, the determination of "connection points" between processes, the understanding of important words, and the creation of physical scenarios, and gradually master higher problem-solving skills.
(4), information giving questions. Methods: 1. Read and understand, find information II. Refine information and discover rules. Applied law, associative migration 4. Give inferences and answer the question.
Extended reading: the method of answering big physics questions in college entrance examination
1, standardize the answer format
When doing big physics questions, you should examine them slowly and answer them quickly. Some students are in a hurry to answer questions without seeing them clearly, wasting time and losing points. The big questions include experimental questions and calculation questions. When answering, you must write according to the specific characteristics and requirements of each subject. For some written answers, read them after writing to see if they are logical and concise.
2. Carefully examine the questions and answer the questions after seeing the full stop.
When reviewing the questions, we must read through the whole question, examine the key words and implied information in the questions, and accurately find out the breakthrough and restrictive conditions for answering the questions. When you see familiar contents and questions, don't be blindly optimistic, because the possibility of the original question appearing in the college entrance examination questions is very small, and the materials are often familiar, but the angle and method of the question will change greatly, so you must analyze it carefully and don't be disturbed by the original question to avoid losing points; Don't be too nervous when you see new questions and questions, because these questions are new and difficult for all candidates. I believe that the materials are new, and the knowledge we have examined is definitely what we have learned. Don't be confused by new information.
Skills of solving big physics problems in college entrance examination
1, mining implicit conditions
NMET's physical calculation problems are difficult not only because the physical process is complex and changeable, but also because the potential conditions are hidden and difficult to find, which often makes candidates feel that they are in trouble, which also tests the depth of thinking of candidates. In the process of examining questions, it is often the key to solving problems. Some hidden conditions are not deep, often seen and easy to dig out, but some hidden conditions are easier.
2, pay attention to the analysis of the basic process.
In senior high school physics, the movement processes involved in mechanics include uniform linear motion, uniform linear motion, flat throwing motion, circular motion, simple harmonic motion and so on. In addition to these motion processes, there are two important processes: one is the collision process, and the other is the process of starting to accelerate and finally moving at a constant speed (such as the constant power start of the car).
The process of heat change mainly includes isothermal change, isobaric change, isovolumic change and adiabatic change. The change process in electricity mainly includes the charging and discharging of capacitors, electromagnetic oscillation, uniform motion of conductor bars in electromagnetic induction, etc. Drawing the schematic diagram of these physical processes or drawing the schematic diagram of stress analysis in key situations is a conventional means to analyze and calculate problems.
3. Be good at quickly extracting effective information from complex situations.
There are quite a few introductory and descriptive sentences in the current physics test questions, and the information content of the test questions is very large. When solving problems, you should have a keen eye and flexible thinking, and be good at quickly extracting effective information from complex situations and accurately understanding the meaning of the questions.
4, be careful, beware of mindset.
We often encounter some physical problems that deliberately give more known conditions, or carefully set some traps when expressing physical situations, arrange some specious judgments, and form interference factors to test students' ability to distinguish right from wrong. The more confused these factors are, the more likely students are to make mistakes in solving problems.
In the process of examination, only by effectively eliminating these interference factors can we get the answer quickly and correctly. The physical process of some questions is hidden, which needs to be analyzed in detail by applying related concepts and laws in combination with known conditions. Don't rush to write equations before analysis, so as to avoid replacing the actual physical process with a fake process model and prevent the negative transfer of mindset.