Mathematics examination for science students
This paper is divided into two parts: the first volume (multiple choice questions) and the second volume (non-multiple choice questions). Volume 1 has 1 to 2 pages, and volume 2 has 3 to 10 pages, with a full score of 150. Examination time 120 minutes. After the exam, this paper and the answer sheet should be returned together.
The first volume (***60 points)
Precautions:
1. Before answering the first volume, candidates must scribble their names, admission ticket numbers and exam subjects on the answer sheet.
2. After choosing the answer for each question, black the answer label of the corresponding question on the answer sheet with a pencil. If you need to correct it, clean it with an eraser, and then choose other answer labels, which can't be answered on the test paper.
Reference formula:
If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B).
If events A and B are independent of each other, P (A B) = P (A) P (B)
I. Multiple-choice questions: This big question is a * *12 small question, with 5 points for each small question and 60 points for * * *. Choose one of the four options given in each question that meets the requirements of the topic.
(1) define the set operation: A⊙B = {z | z = xy (x+y), z∈A, y ∈ b}, let the set a = {0, 1}, and b = {2,3}.
0 (B)6 (C) 12 (D) 18
(2) The image of the inverse function of a function is roughly
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(3) Let f(x)= then the inequality f (x) >; The solution set of 2 is
(A)( 1，2) (3，+∞) (B)(，+∞)
(C)( 1，2)(，+∞) (D)( 1，2)
(4) In △ABC, if the opposite sides of angles A, B and C are A, B and C respectively, then A =, A =, B = 1, then c=
1 (B)2 (C) (D)
(5) Let the vectors A = (1, -2), B = (-2,4) and C = (- 1,-2). If the directed line segments of vectors 4a, 4b-2c, 2 (a-c) and d are connected end to end to form a quadrilateral, then vector d is.
(A)(2，6) (B)(-2，6) (C)(2，-6) (D)(-2，-6)
(6) It is known that odd function f(x) defined on R satisfies, then the value of is
(A)- 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D)2
(7) Given an ellipse, the chord length passing through the focal point and perpendicular to the long axis is, and the distance from the focal point to the corresponding directrix is 1, then the eccentricity of the ellipse is.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(8) let p: x-x-20 >; 0，q:& lt； 0, then p is q.
(a) Sufficient and unnecessary conditions (b) Necessary and insufficient conditions.
(3) Necessary and sufficient conditions (4) It is neither sufficient nor necessary.
(9) Given sets A = {5}, B = {1, 2} and C = {1, 3,4}, the number of different points is determined as follows:
33 (B) 34 (C) 35 (D)36
(10) It is known that the ratio of the coefficients of the third term and the fifth term in the expansion is-,where =- 1, then the constant term in the expansion is
(A)45i(B)45i(C)45(D)45
(1 1) When a company recruits X male employees and Y female employees, the maximum value of z= 10x+ 10y is.
80 (B) 85 (C) 90 (D)95
(12) As shown in the figure, in the isosceles trapezoid ABCD, AB=2DC=2, ∠ DAB = 60, and E is the midpoint of AB. Fold △ADE and △BEC upward along ED and EC respectively, so that A and B overlap at point P, then the circumscribed sphere volume of triangular pyramid P-DCE is
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Volume II (***90 points)
Precautions:
1. Answer directly on the test paper with a pen or ballpoint pen.
2. Fill in the items in the sealed line clearly before answering the questions.
2. Fill-in-the-blank question: This big question has four small questions, each with 4 points, *** 16 points. The answer must be filled in the horizontal line in the question.
(13) If.
(14) It is known that the parabola y2 = 4x, and the straight line passing through point p (4,0) intersects the parabola at two points, A(x 1, y 1) and B(x2, y2), so the minimum value of y 12+y22 is.
(15) As shown in the figure, it is known that all sides of a regular triangular prism ABC-a1b1are equal, and d is the midpoint of A 1C 1, then the straight line AD and the plane B/kloc-0.
(16) Among the following four propositions, the serial number of the true proposition is (write the serial number of all true propositions).
① Translate the image with function y= according to vector y= (- 1, 0), and the corresponding function expression of the obtained image is y=.
② The circle x2+y2+4x+2y+ 1=0 intersects the straight line y=, and the chord length is 2.
③ If sin (+) = and sin (-) =, then tan cot =5.
④ As shown in the figure, if the cube ABCD-A1B1C1,P is the moving point in the bottom ABCD, and the distance from P to the plane AA 1D 1D is equal to the straight line CC 1 D.
Third, the solution: this big question is ***6 small questions, ***74 points. The solution should be written in proof process or calculus steps.
(17) known function f (x) = a (a >; 0，& gt0，0 & lt； & lt), and the maximum value of y=f(x) is 2, then the distance between two adjacent symmetry axes of the image is 2, and it passes this point (1, 2).
( 1);
(2) Calculate f( 1)+f(2)+… +f(2008).
(18) (the full score of this small question is 12)
Let f(x) = ax-(a+1) ln (x+1), where a-1, and find the monotone interval of f (x).
(19) (the full score of this small question is 12)
As shown in the figure, it is known that plane A 1B 1C 1 is parallel to the bottom ABC of triangular pyramid V-ABC and is equilateral. The plane of AB 1C is perpendicular to the bottom ABC, and ACB = 90°. Let AC=2a and BC = a.
(1) proves that the straight line B 1C 1 is the common perpendicular to the nonplanar straight lines AB 1 and a1;
(2) Find the distance from point A to plane VBC;
(3) Find the dihedral angle A-VB-C. 。
(20) (The full score of this small question is 12)
The bag contains two balls marked with math 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and three balls are randomly selected from the bag, and the score is 9 times of the maximum number of the three balls, and the possibility of each ball being taken out is equal. Use the largest number on the three balls to find:
(i) The probability that the numbers on the three balls taken out are different from each other;
(ii) Probability distribution and mathematical expectation of random variables;
(iii) The scoring probability is between 20 and 40.
(2 1) (the full score of this small question is 12)
The hyperbola c has the same focus as the ellipse, and the asymptote of the straight line y = C.
(1) Find the equation of hyperbola c;
The straight line passing through point P (0,4) intersects hyperbola C at points A and B, and intersects X axis at point Q (the vertices of point Q and C are not coincident). When, and, find the coordinates of Q point.
(22) (The full score of this small question is 14)
Given that a 1=2, the point is on the image of function f(x)=x2+2x, where = 1, 2,3, ...
Prove that the sequence {LG (1+)} is geometric progression;
(1) Find the general term of the sequence {};
(2) Remember, find the sum of the preceding paragraphs of the {} sequence and prove += 1.
2006 National College Entrance Examination (1)
Scientific comprehensive ability test
This paper is divided into two parts: the first volume (multiple choice questions) and the second volume (non-multiple choice questions). Volume 1 to 5 pages, volume II 6 to 1 page. Full volume ***300 points. Examination time 150 minutes.
Volume I (***2 1 small item, 6 points for each small item, *** 126 points)
Precautions:
1. Before answering the questions, candidates must fill in their own names and admission ticket numbers on the test papers and answer sheets, and paste bar codes with accurate research numbers at the designated positions on the answer sheets.
2. After choosing the answer for each question, black the answer label of the corresponding question on the answer sheet with 2B pencil. If you need to change it, clean it with an eraser, and then choose to apply other answer labels. The answer on the test paper is invalid.
At the end of the exam, the invigilator will take this paper back with the answer sheet. Return the following data for reference when solving the problem:
When solving problems, you can refer to the following data:
Relative atomic mass (atomic weight): h1c12n14o16.
First, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 13 small questions. There is only one option for each small question.
1. Some nerve cells can not only conduct excitement, but also synthesize and secrete hormones. These cells are located
A. cerebral cortex B. pituitary C. hypothalamus D. spinal cord
2. Under normal circumstances, when the body carries out antigen immunization, the antibody concentration in serum will change accordingly. If the antigen used in the second immunization is the same as that used in the first immunization, and the dosage is the same, what can correctly represent the change of antibody concentration in serum in the following four figures is
3. The following statement about animal cell culture is correct.
A. Cultured human effector T cells can produce monoclonal antibodies.
B. cultured human b cells can proliferate indefinitely.
C. Human mature red blood cells can be cultured to form cell lines.
D, treating the liver tissue with trypsin to obtain a single hepatocyte.
4. Toad tadpoles, frog tadpoles and toad tadpoles all feed on plankton. In four ponds with the same conditions, three kinds of tadpoles are raised in each pond in equal amount, and the total number of tadpoles in each pond is the same. Then put different numbers of carnivorous polyps into four ponds. After a period of time, the change results of the number of three tadpoles are shown in the figure. The following analysis is wrong.
A. In a pond without water salamanders, the number of toad tadpoles increases in a J-shape.
B. There is a competitive relationship among the three tadpoles.
C.hydra prefers to prey on toad tadpoles.
D. Hydra changed the interaction results of three kinds of tadpoles.
5. The human coagulation factor gene was introduced into goat fertilized eggs by genetic engineering to cultivate transgenic sheep. However, human coagulation factor only exists in the milk of transgenic sheep. The following statement is correct.
A. The number of base pairs in the coding region of coagulation factor gene in human cells is equal to three times the number of amino acids of coagulation factor.
B. Recombinant DNA molecules containing human coagulation factor gene can be introduced into fertilized eggs of sheep by microinjection technology.
In transgenic sheep, human coagulation factor gene exists in breast cells, but not in other somatic cells.
D. After the transcription of human coagulation factor gene begins, DNA ligase uses a string of DNA molecules as a template to synthesize mRNA.
6. The compound that is gaseous at normal temperature and pressure is cooled and solidified, and the obtained crystal belongs to
A. Molecular crystal B. Atomic crystal
C. Ionic crystal D. What kind of crystal can't be judged
7. The following statement is correct
A the larger the atomic radius of the same main group element, the higher the melting point of its simple substance.
B The smaller the atomic radius of the same periodic element, the easier it is to lose electrons.
C. The greater the relative molecular mass of hydride of the same main group element, the higher its boiling point.
The greater the atomic number of rare gas elements, the higher the boiling point of their simple substance.
8. express Avon gadro constant with NA. The following statement is correct.
A. the number of electrons transferred by the reaction of A.0.5 mol aluminum with sufficient hydrochloric acid is 1NA.
B Under standard conditions, the number of molecules in 1 1.2 liter SO3 is 0.5 nm.
C.0. 1 mol CH4 contains 1NA electrons.
The mixture of d46g NO2 and N2O4 contains 1NA molecule.
9. Three electrolytic cells containing molten potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and aluminum chloride are connected in series, and after being electrified for a period of time under certain conditions, the ratio of potassium, magnesium and aluminum is separated.
a . 1:2:3 b . 3:2: 1 c . 6:3: 1d . 6:3:2
10. Mix three solutions with the concentration of 0.1mol L-1in equal volume, and a group of solutions without precipitation after full reaction is as follows
A. Barium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate
B. sodium carbonate, magnesium chloride and sulfuric acid
C.AlCl3 NH3 H2O NaOH
D. barium hydroxide, calcium chloride and sodium sulfate
1 1. In 0.1mol L-1ch3cooh solution, the following ionization equilibria exist:
CH3COOH CH3COO-+H+
For this balance, the following statement is correct.
A. When water is added, the equilibrium moves to the opposite reaction direction.
B, adding a small amount of NaOH solid, and moving the balance to the positive reaction direction.
C. adding a small amount of 0.1mol l-1HCl solution, the c(H+) in the solution is reduced.
D, adding a small amount of CH3COONa solid to move the equilibrium to the positive reaction direction.
12。 Jasmonal has a strong jasmine fragrance, and its structural formula is as follows:
The following statement about jasmonal is wrong.
A. It can be reduced by hydrogen under the action of heating and catalyst.
B. it can be oxidized by acidic solution of potassium permanganate.
C. under certain conditions, it can be substituted by bromine.
D. it can't react with hydrobromic acid.
13. The mixed solution consisting of potassium sulfate, aluminum sulfate and sulfuric acid has a pH of 1, c (Al3+) = 0.4 mol L-1,c (SO4 2-) = 0.8 mol L-1,and then c (.
0. 15 mol L- 1
B.0.2 mol L- 1
C.0.3 mol L- 1
D.0.4 mol L- 1
Second, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 8 small questions. Among the four options given in each small question, some have only one correct option, while others have multiple correct options. All the choices are right, 6 points, 3 points and 0 points.
14. After the neutron is absorbed by the nucleus, it will release an electron and split into two alpha particles. It can be seen that
A.A=7，Z=3
B.A=7，Z=4
C.A=8，Z=3
D.A=8，Z=4
15. Compared with purple,
A. the energy of red photons is large; When propagating in the same medium, the speed of red light is relatively high.
B. the energy of red photons is small; When propagating in the same medium, the speed of red light is relatively high.
C. the energy of red photons is large; When propagating in the same medium, the speed of red light is small.
D. the energy of red photons is small; When propagating in the same medium, the speed of red light is small.
16. China will launch a lunar exploration satellite "Chang 'e 1". Suppose the orbit of the satellite is circular, close to the surface of the moon. It is known that the mass of the moon is about 1/8 1 of the mass of the earth, the radius of the moon is about 1/4 of that of radius of the earth, and the speed of the first universe on the earth is about 7.9 km/s, so the speed of the lunar exploration satellite orbiting the moon is about.
A.0.4 km/s B. 1.8 km/s C. 1 1 km/s D. 36 km/s.
17. The picture shows the schematic diagram of the speed filtering device. A and B are horizontally placed parallel metal plates, and an electron beam with different speeds enters between the plates A and B along the horizontal direction through the small hole O. In order to select electrons with a certain speed, a voltage can be applied between A and B, and a uniform magnetic field can be applied in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, so that the selected electrons can still move along the horizontal straight line OO' and exit from O' without being affected by gravity. Possible ways to achieve the above objectives are
A. Make the potential of plate A higher than that of plate B, and the direction of magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper surface and inward.
B, make the potential of plate A lower than that of plate B, and the direction of magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper surface and inward.
C, make the potential of plate A higher than that of plate B, and the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the paper surface.
D, make the potential of plate A lower than that of plate B, and make the magnetic field perpendicular to the paper face outward.
18. The following statement is correct:
A. When the gas temperature rises, the thermal motion of molecules becomes intense, the average kinetic energy of molecules increases, and the force on the device wall increases when it hits the wall, so the pressure of gas will inevitably increase.
B. When the volume of gas becomes smaller, the number of molecules per unit volume increases, and the number of molecules per unit area that hit the wall in unit time increases, so the pressure of gas will inevitably increase.
C when a certain amount of gas is compressed, the internal energy of the gas will increase.
D. The molecule A approaches the stationary molecule B from a distance. When A reaches the place where the force exerted by B is zero, the kinetic energy of A must be the largest.
19. The spring vibrator is composed of heavy objects and light springs. The device shown in figure 1 can be used to study the forced vibration of a spring oscillator. When the handle rotates at a uniform speed, the curved rod gives the spring vibrator a driving force, which makes the vibrator do forced vibration. The period of uniform rotation of the handle is the period of driving force, and the period of driving force can be changed by changing the speed of uniform rotation of the handle. If you keep the handle still and give the weight an initial downward speed, the weight will be simple harmonic motion. The vibration diagram is shown in Figure 2. When the handle rotates at a certain speed and the forced vibration reaches a stable level, the vibration diagram of the weight is shown in Figure 3.
If T0 represents the natural period of the spring vibrator, t represents the period of the driving force, and y represents the amplitude of the vibration of the heavy object after the forced vibration reaches stability, then
A. according to the chart, T0=4s.
B. According to the chart, T0=8s.
C when t is around 4s, y increases significantly, and when t is much smaller or larger than 4s, y is very small.
D. When t is around 8s, y increases significantly; When t is much less than or greater than 8s, y is very small.
20. An athlete with a mass of m jumps up from the squat state. After Δ t time, his body straightens and just leaves the ground at the speed of V ... In this process,
A. the impulse of the ground to him is mv+mg δ t, and the work done by the ground to him is mv2.
B's impulse to him is mv+mg Δ t, and his work to him is zero.
C. The impulse of the ground to him is mv, and the work done by the ground to him is mv2.
D. the impulse of the ground to him is mv-mg δ t, and the work done by the ground to him is zero.
2 1. As shown in the figure, a right-angle metal guide rail aob (in the text) connected in series with a resistor R is fixedly placed in a uniform magnetic field, the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the other two metal guide rails C and D are respectively placed equal to oa and ob. Precautions for maintaining orientation:
Ignore the resistance of the second metal guide rail. Now it has gone through the following four processes: ① moving D at speed V to double its distance from ab; (2) Move C at a speed V to reduce its distance from oa by half; (3) Then, move C at a speed of 2v to make it return to its original position; (4) Finally, move D at the speed of 2v to make it return to its original position. Let the quantity of electricity passing through the resistor R in the above four processes be Q 1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 in turn, then
A.Q 1=Q2=Q3=Q4
B.Q 1=Q2=2Q3=2Q4
C.2Q 1=2Q2=Q3=Q4
D.Q 1≠Q2=Q3≠Q4
Volume II (*** 10, *** 174)
Precautions:
Volume 2 should be answered directly on the answer sheet with a 0.5mm black signature pen or black ink pen. The answer on the test paper is invalid.
22.( 17 points)
(1) When using the device in the figure to study the double-slit interference phenomenon, there is the following statement:
A. Move the screen closer to the double slit, and the interference fringe spacing becomes narrower.
B, changing the filter from blue to red, and widening the spacing of interference fringes.
C, after the single seam moves to the double seam for a short distance, the interference fringe spacing becomes wider.
D, replacing the double seam with a large distance between two seams to narrow the interference fringe spacing.
E. after the filter is removed, the interference phenomenon disappears.
The correct one is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) Now it is necessary to measure the internal resistance χ V of voltmeter ... The given equipment is: voltmeter χ V (with a range of 2V and an internal resistance of about 4 K Ω); Ammeter ○ mA (range 1.2 mA, internal resistance about 500 Ω); DC power supply E (electromotive force is about 2.4V, excluding internal resistance); Three fixed resistors: r1= 4000Ω, R2 =1000Ω, R3 =15000Ω; Some electronic keys and wires.
When measuring, it is required that the pointer deviation of both instruments exceeds half of their range.
First, try to choose 1 from three fixed resistors to form a measuring circuit together with other equipment, and draw the schematic diagram of the measuring circuit in the dotted box. Every device in the circuit is required to be marked with the symbol given in the question. )
Two. After the circuit is connected, if the voltmeter reads U and the ammeter reads I, the internal resistance of the voltmeter RV = _ _ _ _ _ _ _
23.( 16)
There are thick clouds about the same height in the sky. In order to measure the height of the cloud, an explosion was carried out on the horizontal ground at a distance of 3.0 km from the observer. The time difference between the explosion directly heard by the air and the explosion reflected by the clouds is Δ δt = 6.0s Try to estimate the height of the lower surface of the clouds. It is known that the speed of sound in air is v = km/s.
24.( 19)
A coal block (which can be regarded as a particle) is placed on a horizontal light-colored long conveyor belt, and the dynamic friction coefficient between the coal block and the conveyor belt is μ. At first, the conveyor belt and the coal block were stationary. Now let the conveyor belt start moving at a constant acceleration α0, and when its speed reaches v0, it will move at a uniform speed. After a period of time, the coal block left a black mark on the conveyor belt, and the coal block no longer slipped relative to the conveyor belt. Find the length of this black mark.
25.(20 points)
In a demonstration experiment, many balls made of tin foil were placed in a glass box with metal plates on the top and bottom. When a voltage is applied between the upper plate and the lower plate, the ball keeps jumping up and down. Now take the following simplified model for quantitative research.
As shown in the figure, the A plate and the B plate of a parallel plate capacitor with a capacitance of C are placed horizontally with a distance of D, and connected to a power supply with an electromotive force of ε and negligible internal resistance. Suppose there is only one conductive ball with mass m between two plates, and this ball can be regarded as a particle. As we all know, if the ball collides with the polar plate, the speed of the ball will become zero immediately after the collision, and the charged state will also change immediately. After the change, the sign of the charge carried by the ball is the same as that of the polar plate, and the electric quantity is α times that of the polar plate (α
(1) If the ball can move up and down continuously between two plates, what is the electromotive force ε at least greater than?
(2) Assuming that the above conditions are met, the ball has made many round-trip movements in a long time interval t ... Find the number of round-trip movements of the ball in time t and the total power through the power supply.
26.(9 points)
X, Y, Z and W represent four short-period elements with increasing atomic numbers, which satisfy the following conditions;
① In the periodic table of elements, Z and Y are adjacent, and Z and W are also adjacent;
② The sum of the outermost electron numbers of atoms of Y, Z and W is 17.
Please fill in the blanks:
(1) Are the three elements Y, Z and W in the same period (fill in "Yes" or "No"): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2)Y is _ _ _ _ _, Z is _ _ _ _ _ _, and W is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(3)X, Y, Z and W can form compounds with the atomic number ratio of 8: 2: 4: 1. Write the name and chemical formula of the compound _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
27.( 15)
The general formula of displacement reaction can be expressed as:
Simple substance (1)+ compound (1)= compound (2)+ simple substance (2)
Please write the chemical equations of three displacement reactions that meet the following requirements:
The atomic numbers of the elements involved are all less than 20;
Six species of simple materials belong to six different main families.
28.( 15)
Sodium peroxide can be used as oxygen supply agent in breathing masks and submarines. Please choose the appropriate chemical reagents and experimental supplies, and use the experimental device in the above picture to carry out the experiment, which proves that sodium peroxide can be used as oxygen supply agent.
(1)A is a device for generating CO2. Write the chemical equation of the reaction in A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Fill in the blanks in the form: (Please fill in the answer sheet)
The purpose of adding reagents to the instrument is to add reagents.
Saturated sodium bicarbonate solution
C
D
(3) Write the chemical equation of the reaction between sodium peroxide and carbon dioxide: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) After the test tube F is filled with gas, the next experimental operation is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
29.(2 1)
Shar is a disinfectant dosage form, the molecular formula is C 13H 10O3, and the molecular model is shown in the following figure (the connecting lines between balls in the figure represent chemical bonds, such as single bonds and double bonds);
(1) According to the model on the right, write the structural simplification of Salo: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(Salo can be hydrolyzed, separated and purified to obtain pure phenol and salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid). Please design a scheme to show that the acidity of phenol, carbonic acid and salicylic acid increases in turn (expressed by chemical equation).
(3) There are _ _ _ _ _ kinds of isomers of salicylic acid, which meet the following four conditions at the same time.
(1) contains benzene rings;
② Silver mirror reaction can occur, but hydrolysis reaction cannot;
③ In dilute NaOH solution, 1 mol isomer can react with 2mol NaOH;
④ Only two monochloro products can be produced. H2 catalyst (C7H8O3) H+ Ag(NH3)2OH concentrated H2SO4
(4) Select any isomer identified in (3) and designate it as A in the following block diagram.
Write the chemical equations of the following two reactions (organic matter is represented by simple structure), and point out the corresponding reaction types.
①AàB__________________________ .
Reaction type: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
②b+ dàE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Reaction type: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(5) The existing mixture of salicylic acid and phenol, the sum of their substances is one mole. The complete combustion of this mixture consumes 1 liter of O2, and produces b. g. H2O and c L CO2 (gas volumes are under standard conditions).
① Write the chemical equations of complete combustion of salicylic acid and phenol respectively (organic matter can be expressed by molecular formula).
② Let the amount of salicylic acid in the mixture be x mol, and list the calculation formula of X. ..
30.(22 points)
In order to verify that there is gas generation and consumption in the process of photosynthesis and respiration of leaves, please use the experimental materials and appliances provided, and on the basis of the given experimental steps and predicted experimental results, continue to complete the design of experimental steps and predict experimental results, and analyze your predicted results.
Experimental materials and appliances: tobacco seedlings, two test tubes, distilled water, NaHCO3, dilute solution (providing raw materials for photosynthesis), vacuum pump, dark incubator, fluorescent lamp (the conditions such as illumination and temperature are suitable during the experiment, ignoring the dissolved amount of O2 and CO2 in the air in water and anaerobic respiration).
Experimental steps and prediction of experimental results:
(1) Cut two identical tobacco leaves and put them into two test tubes filled with distilled water and dilute sodium bicarbonate solution. At this time, the blade floats on the surface of the liquid.
(2) After the liquid in the two test tubes and the gas in the mesophyll cell gap are pumped away by a vacuum pump, the mouth of the test tube is opened, and it is observed that all the leaves sink into the bottom of the test tube.
(3)……
Analysis and prediction results:
3 1.(20 points)
Some unmated fruit flies with gray and yellow body colors were selected from the natural fruit fly population. The number of fruit flies in these two body colors is equal, and the number of fruit flies in each body color is half male and half female. It is known that the relative traits of gray and yellow are controlled by a pair of alleles, so all fruit flies can live normally, and the separation of traits conforms to the basic laws of heredity.
Please answer the following questions:
Individuals in the (1) population pass on their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to their offspring through reproduction.
(2) To determine whether a trait is determined by nuclear genes or cytoplasmic genes, the hybridization method that can be used is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) If the gene controlling body color is located on the autosome, there are _ _ _ _ _ genotypes controlling body color in the natural Drosophila population; If the gene controlling body color is located on the X chromosome, there are _ _ _ _ genotypes controlling body color in the population.
(4) At present, there are two hybrid combinations: female grey fly × male yellow fly and female yellow fly × male grey fly. Only one generation of hybrid test was conducted, and multiple pairs of Drosophila were selected for each hybrid combination. Infer the possible characters of the offspring of two hybrid combinations, and on this basis, make corresponding inferences about which body color is dominant and whether the gene controlling body color is located on X chromosome or autosome. (Requirements: Write only the performance of future generations and the corresponding inferences)