1. Humans originated from ()
Monkey B. Chimpanzee C. Ape D. Forest Ape
2. In the following items, the necessary substance to form hemoglobin is ().
A. iron b zinc c iodine d calcium
3. Which part of the digestive tract has the strongest ability to absorb nutrients ()
A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Small intestine D. Large intestine
4. Measures to improve the quality of China population are: ()
A, late marriage B, late childbearing C, fewer births D, and eugenics
5. The rice, noodles, sweet potatoes and potatoes we usually eat are all rich in: ()
A, sugar B, protein C, vitamin D, and fat.
6, people with acute inflammation, blood tests often found that the increase in blood volume is ().
A erythrocyte b platelet c leukocyte d hemoglobin
7, the most abundant substance in the human body is ()
A water B protein C fat D sugar
8, air and food into the human body * * * channel is ().
A oral cavity b esophagus c larynx d pharynx
9. The function that the nasal cavity does not have is ()
A warm and humid air enters the nasal cavity. A place for gas exchange.
C clean the air entering the nasal cavity, and D clean the passage of air entering and leaving.
10, the following substances, can't be directly absorbed by the digestive tract is ()
A water b amino acid c glucose d maltose
1 1, when inhaling ()
A. Intercostal muscle contraction, diaphragm contraction B. Intercostal muscle contraction, diaphragm relaxation
C. intercostal muscle relaxation and diaphragm contraction
12, anemia mainly leads to blood ()
A. the ability to transport oxygen is reduced, and B. the ability to transport nutrients is reduced.
C's ability to transport inorganic salts decreases, and D's ability to transport nitrogen-containing wastes decreases.
13. "Green food" means ()
A food rich in chlorophyll b, fresh vegetables
C pollution-free, safe and high-quality food D food with "green" anti-counterfeiting mark.
14. Sputum usually comes from ()
A nose b pharynx c larynx d trachea and bronchus
15, after oxygen enters the human body, it will eventually reach ()
A lung b blood c cell d heart
16, when bacteria invade the human body, it can devour bacteria and play a defensive and protective role for the human body.
A red blood cell b white blood cell c platelet d hemoglobin
17, the following statement, the error is ().
A Eat three meals a day on time, and don't be too full for dinner. Deteriorated food must be cooked in the nest before eating.
C. strenuous exercise immediately after meals inhibits digestive function. D fresh mushrooms generally contain toxic substances.
18, red blood cells are red because ()
Hemoglobin in B red blood cells caused by A staining is red. Red blood cells have no nucleus. Red blood cells transport oxygen.
19, about the description of the artery, is not correct ().
A, the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to all parts of the body B, the blood vessels are thick and elastic.
The blood flow velocity in tube C is slower than that in the corresponding vein, and the inner diameter of tube D is larger than that in the corresponding vein.
20, due to the reduction of forests and the increase of carbon dioxide emissions, now the global environment appeared ().
A red tide b sandstorm c greenhouse effect d acid rain
Second, fill in the blanks
1, the fertilized egg continues to divide and develop into blastocysts, and then moves to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2, capillary is connected between the smallest arteries, the wall is very thin, only a layer of flat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
3. Vitamins are not the main raw materials for cells, nor do they provide energy for the human body. However, once the human body lacks vitamins, it will affect the normal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and even get sick.
4. There are many folds on the inner surface of the small intestine, and there are many villous protrusions on the surface of the folds, which can greatly increase the surface area of the small intestine, so the small intestine is the main organ of the human body.
5. Controlling pollutant discharge is the fundamental measure to prevent and control air pollution and improve air quality. In addition, _ _ _ _ _ _ is also an effective measure to prevent and control air pollution.
6. The human respiratory system consists of _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _, in which _ _ _ _ is the passage for gas to come in and out.
7. The organ that can secrete bile is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the organ that can digest protein first is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
8. The shape, size and characteristics of three kinds of blood cells in human body are the same. Can you tell which blood cells have the following characteristics? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9. Human blood consists of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
10, advocate breathing through the nose because there are nasal hairs at the entrance of the nasal cavity and abundant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the nasal mucosa.
It has the functions of filtering, moistening and heating the inhaled air.
Third, know the picture and answer.
1 The three test tubes A, B and C on the right are filled with 2ml of starch paste, and then the three test tubes are added with different.
The substance vibrates to make it fully react, as shown in the figure.
(1) The special reagent for starch identification is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) The blue starch paste is a _ _ _ _ _ test tube, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) The discoloration of test tube A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) The function of C test tube is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
2. The picture on the right is a cross-sectional view of arteries and veins. Please answer the following questions according to the pictures:
(1) Fill in the name of the blood vessel represented by the following label. ①___________, ②___________
(2) Compared with veins, the arterial wall is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) A vein refers to a blood vessel that sends blood back to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. If it is a vein of limbs, its inner surface has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, which can prevent blood from flowing back.
3. Analyze the experiment shown below and the data in the left table:
gas composition
Gases in the environment
(%)
Exhaled gas
(%)
nitrogen (N)
Seventy-eight
Seventy-eight
oxygen
2 1
16
carbon dioxide
0.03
four
water
0.07
1. 1
Other gases
0.9
0.9
In the experiment shown in the figure, bottles A and B are filled with clear lime water. When inhaling, squeeze the hose with your left hand and release it with your right hand. When exhaling, squeeze the rubber tube with your right hand and release it with your left hand. Results The limewater in bottle B became turbid obviously.
(1) Bottle A played the role of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in this experiment.
(2) The turbidity in bottle A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Yes, No) indicates that the content of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the air is low. The turbidity of bottle B is _ _ _ _ _ (Yes, No), indicating that the exhaled gas contains more _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) What is the difference between the gas exhaled by the human body and the gas in the environment?
Fourth, analysis questions
1 Answer the following questions according to the main functions of food nutrients.
(1) Monks have been vegetarian for a long time, but they are not prone to night blindness. This is because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Pay attention to eating some roast beef and cereal, and there will be no neurosis, loss of appetite and indigestion. This is because these foods contain more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) Anemia patients should eat more foods such as liver, meat, fish and milk, which is beneficial to the treatment of anemia. This is because these foods contain more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
2. List several nutrients contained in100g soybean and100g milk, and the daily requirements of an adult for these nutrients.
Main nutrients
100g soybean content (g)
100g milk content (g)
Adult daily requirement
(gram)
carbohydrate
28.6
3.4
380.00
fat
16.0
3.2
80.00
protein
35. 1
3.0
80.00
calcium (Ca)
0. 19
0. 10
0.80
(1) Adults only eat 1000 grams of soybeans every day. So, do some nutrients exceed the daily requirements? ____________________________________________。
(2) If this person only eats 2500 servings of milk a day, are there any nutrients that can't meet his daily needs? _____________________________________________。
(3) If100g of milk contains 272 kilojoules and the baby needs 3400 kilojoules every day, how much milk does the baby need to eat every day? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grams.
3. The following is a group of lung cancer mortality data of urban and rural residents in China (1/65438+ 10,000), and answer the questions accordingly.
environment
Male lung cancer mortality rate
Female lung cancer mortality rate
Dachengcheng
16.83
8.99
medium-sized city
12.75
5.66
Cheng Xiao.
9.98
4.53
village
6.0 1
2.84
(1) Under what circumstances is the mortality rate of lung cancer high among residents living and working?
(2) Please try to analyze the reasons for the huge difference in lung cancer mortality between urban and rural areas.
36
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1. Multiple choice questions: (There is only one most appropriate answer for each question below. Please fill in the letter code of the selected answer in the table below, each question is 1 point, ***20 points).
1, the following statement about adolescent sexual development is incorrect ()
A. Rapid growth and development of reproductive organs
B. Menstruation occurs in women and nocturnal emission occurs in men.
C. the emergence of reproductive organs
D. the emergence of male and female secondary sexual characteristics.
2. Embryo development begins with the division of fertilized eggs, and the place where embryo development experiences is ().
A. uterus B. fallopian tube
C. Fallopian tube and uterus D. Vagina and uterus
3, known as the "seventh nutrient" is ()
A. protein B. Vitamin C. Dietary fiber D. Inorganic salts
4. About the breathing process in a calm state, which of the following statements is correct ()
A. Chest enlargement, lung expansion, lung pressure drop, and external gas enters the lungs through the respiratory tract.
B. The chest is enlarged, the lungs are dilated, the air pressure in the lungs is increased, and the outside air enters the lungs through the respiratory tract.
C. Chest retracts, lungs contract, lung pressure drops, and external gas enters the lungs through the respiratory tract.
D chest retracts, lungs contract, air pressure in the lungs rises, and outside air enters the lungs through the respiratory tract.
5. Don't spit everywhere, keep the air in houses and public places clean, fresh and ventilated, and wear masks, mainly to prevent ().
A. Infectious diseases of digestive tract B. Infectious diseases of respiratory tract
C. Blood infectious diseases D. Body surface infectious diseases
6. The energy we need in our life is stored in food.
A, water b, inorganic salt c, vitamin d and organic matter
7. Observe the blood smear with a microscope, and among the blood cells we see, the largest number will be ().
A, plasma B, red blood cells C, white blood cells D, platelets
In order to ensure that students can breathe fresh air in the classroom, the class committee held a discussion. Finally, they put forward several schemes, of which the wrong one is ().
In order to prevent the pollution of chalk dust, students on duty should clean the blackboard after class.
B, close the window to avoid dust.
C, put green plants in the classroom D, and often clean the classroom and the surrounding environment.
9, in the nasal cavity, the role of nose hair is ()
A. sterilization B. heating air C. humidifying air D. filtering air
10, modern apes and human ancestors are ().
A, gibbon b, Peking man c, forest man d, ape man.
1 1, the fertilized egg is the beginning of a new life, and human fertilization takes place in ().
A, ovary B, fallopian tube C, uterus D, endometrium
12, Kobayashi found that his gums often bleed after brushing his teeth these days, so he should be advised to eat more ().
A, rice, steamed bread b, fish, meat, milk and eggs
C, fresh vegetables d, cream, chocolate
13, the key to control the excessive population growth is ()
A, late marriage B, late childbearing C, fewer births D, and eugenics
14, children are prone to rickets, because children are in the growth and development period and need more ().
A, iron b, calcium c, zinc d, iodine
15, the following substances, can't be directly absorbed by the digestive tract is ()
A, water b, amino acid c, glucose d and maltose.
16, "green food" means ()
Foods rich in chlorophyll b, fresh vegetables
C, pollution-free, safe and high-quality food D, food with "green" anti-counterfeiting mark.
17, the most abundant substance in the human body is ()
A, water b, protein c, fat d and sugar.
18, people with acute inflammation, blood tests often found that the increase in blood volume is ().
A, red blood cell B, platelet C, white blood cell D, hemoglobin
19, joking casually when eating, the reason why food may be eaten into the trachea by mistake is ()
A, before glottis fissure is not closed B, epiglottic cartilage covers the entrance of esophagus.
C, uvula does not block the nasal cavity; D, epiglottic cartilage does not cover the throat entrance.
20. The experiment of inhaling clear water and lime water proves that the gas exhaled by the human body ().
A, carbon dioxide B, mainly carbon dioxide
C, no oxygen d, carbon dioxide content is higher than that in the air.
2. Fill in the blanks: (35 points, 65438+ 0 point per grid)
1, China's specific requirements for family planning,
2.( 1) Write the order of watermelon passing through digestive tract:
Oral cavity-()-()-()-()-()-().
(2) The organ that can secrete bile is
The first organ to digest protein is?
The main organs of digestion and absorption are
The organ that can turn food residues into feces is
3, the six nutrients needed by the human body refers to
The respiratory system of human body consists of two parts, namely, the passage of gas in and out, not the place of gas exchange.
5. Common air pollution sources are,,,.
6. The gas exchange in alveoli refers to _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Through this exchange, the gas that diffuses from the alveoli to the capillaries outside the alveoli is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7. The fundamental measure to prevent and control air pollution and improve air quality is _ _ _ _ _, and the effective measure to prevent and control air pollution is _ _ _ _ _ _.
-
First, you will choose (40 points)
1, the composition of blood is ()
A, plasma and hemoglobin b, plasma and blood cells
C, red blood cells and platelets D, white blood cells and red blood cells
2, hemoglobin in which part of the human blood ()
A, white blood cell B, red blood cell C, platelet D, plasma
3. The pus from the wound is mainly composed of ().
A, dead red blood cells B, dead platelets
C, dead white blood cells D, dead bacteria
4. If healthy adults donate 300~400 ml of blood, the result is ().
A, it does not affect health; b, it is life-threatening; c, it is difficult to live; d, it dies.
5, systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation time is ()
A, pulmonary circulation before systemic circulation B, pulmonary circulation after systemic circulation
C, both at the same time d, uncertain.
6, the structure connected with the pulmonary artery in the heart structure is ()
A, left atrium b, left ventricle c, right atrium d, right ventricle
7, can decompose intracellular glucose gas is ()
A, carbon dioxide b, oxygen c, glucose d and air
8, 120 grams of sugar in vitro completely burning energy released is ().
a、 17KJ B、 120× 17KJ C、 120×38KJ D、 100× 17KJ
9, the human body energy storage material is mainly ()
A, sugar b, fat c, protein d and vitamins.
10, which can make the turbidity of limewater clear is ()
A, oxygen b, carbon dioxide c, nitrogen d, hydrogen
1 1. When the human body breathes calmly, the most exhaled gas is ().
A, steam b, nitrogen c, oxygen d and carbon dioxide
12, which of the following is not the structural composition of the respiratory system? ( )
A, oral cavity B, pharynx C, larynx D, lung
13, the main respiratory muscle in the human body is ()
A, intercostal muscle and abdominal muscle B, intercostal muscle and pectoral muscle
C, intercostal muscle and diaphragm D, pectoral muscle and diaphragm
14, the gas exhaled by the human body, carbon dioxide has increased, and this carbon dioxide is produced in ()
A, alveolar B, interstitial fluid C, blood D, histiocyte
15, the highest hot price of the following foods is ()
A, sugar b, protein c, fat d and vitamins.
16, breathing, the principle of gas exchange in the body is ()
A, diffusion b, permeation c, active transport d, ion exchange
17, the most important significance of human respiration is to provide () for cell life activities.
A, sugar b, energy c, carbon dioxide d, oxygen
18, alveoli are covered with a rich capillary network, which is beneficial to ()
A, lung ventilation B, gas exchange between alveoli and blood
C, transportation of gas in blood D, gas exchange in tissues
19, respiratory movement refers to ()
A, the chest contracts and relaxes rhythmically; B, alveoli expand and contract rhythmically.
C. Breathing muscles contract and relax rhythmically. D. Chest cavity expands and contracts rhythmically.
20. After gas exchange between blood and cells, the change of blood is ().
A, arterial blood → venous blood B, venous blood → arterial blood
C, arterial blood → arterial blood D, venous blood → venous blood
Second, you will fill in (25 points)
1, where does the human body need nutrition and energy?
2. After blood coagulation, the pale yellow transparent liquid around the blood clot is called the main difference between it and plasma.
3. Arterial wall, elasticity and blood flow velocity in blood vessels; Vein wall, elasticity, lumen, blood flow velocity in blood vessels and prevention of blood backflow in veins.
4, the main function of red blood cells is. What plays a defensive and protective role for the human body is. When the human body is injured and bleeding, it works together.
5. The respiratory tract is composed of,,, and so on, which is the passage for gas to enter and exit.
6. The structural characteristics of capillary tube are as follows: the tube wall is extremely thin, and it is only composed of; The inner diameter is extremely small, allowing only red blood cells to pass through; The blood flow rate is the slowest, which is beneficial to the full development of blood and tissue cells.
Three, can be judged (5 points)
1, gas exchange refers to the process of inhaling oxygen and discharging carbon dioxide. ( )
2. The exhaled gas mainly contains carbon dioxide and a small amount of oxygen. ( )
3. The process that the human body inhales fresh air from the outside and exhales carbon dioxide is called breathing. ( )
4. Arterial blood flows in arteries and venous blood flows in veins. ( )
The doctor measured Xiao Ming's father's blood pressure, and the measured data was 21.3/13.3kpa. In this data, Xiao Ming's father's diastolic blood pressure was 2 1.3Kpa, and his systolic blood pressure was13.3kpa.. ( )
Four, look at the picture (10)
① ; ② ; ③ ; ④ ; ⑤ ; ⑥ ; ⑦ ; ⑧ ; ⑨ ; ⑩ 。
Verb (abbreviation of verb) activity query (20 points)
The table below shows the measured heart rates of four students in different states.
first
second
The third/third in ten days' work
man
When quiet
75
80
60
65
After exercise
125
140
1 10
120
1. What are the cardiac cycles of these four students when they are quiet? How much after exercise?
2. If the cardiac output per minute is 5500mL, what is the stroke output of these four students at rest?
Answer:
First of all, you will choose (40 points, 2 points for each question)
1
2
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
10
B
B
C
A
C
D
B
B
B
B
1 1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
B
A
C
D
C
A
B
B
D
A
Second, you will fill in (25 points, 1 point per grid)
1, food
2. Serum; Free fibrinogen
3, thick; Big; Fast; Thin; Small; Big; Slow; Venous valve
4. transport oxygen; White blood cells; Platelets; Stop bleeding; blood coagulation
5, nasal cavity; Swallow; Throat; Trachea; Bronchus; lung
6. A layer of epithelial cells; Single line; Mass exchange
Third, you can judge (5 points, 65438+ 0 points for each question)
1×; 2、×3、×; 4、×; 5、×
Fourth, you will know when you see the picture (10, 1 0 per grid)
① aorta; ② Pulmonary artery; ③ pulmonary veins; ④ Left atrium; ⑤ Left ventricle;
⑥ Superior vena cava; ⑦ Right atrium; ⑧ atrioventricular valve; Pet-name ruby inferior vena cava; Focus on the right ventricle.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) active query (20 points, 1, 16, 4 minutes in seconds)
1, when quiet: a: 0.8s; ; b:0.75s； c: 1s； ; D:0.92 seconds s
After exercise: a: 0.48 s; b:0.43s； c:0.55s； D: 0.5s。
2.a:73.3ml； ; B: 68.75 ml; ;
C: 9 1.7 ml; ; D: 84.6 ml.