Junior college or junior college is a concept of academic qualifications, and higher vocational education is actually junior college education. According to the Higher Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), China's higher education is divided into three levels: junior college, undergraduate and postgraduate. However, according to the types of education, there are two kinds of academic education at the junior college level: subject education and higher vocational education. In other words, higher vocational colleges and ordinary colleges only have different learning contents, but they are all college degrees recognized by the state. According to the guiding ideology of "three educations in one" of the Ministry of Education, that is, general colleges, higher vocational and technical colleges and short-term universities are a kind of schools, all of which aim at higher vocational and technical education. Starting from 1999, the state has vigorously developed higher vocational and technical education. By 2004, basically all colleges and universities in China have been transformed into higher vocational colleges, and colleges in comprehensive universities including "National 21KLOC-0/Universities" have also been transformed into vocational and technical colleges, which are called "Higher Vocational and Technical College of a University". From the academic level of junior college or junior college, we can say that today, junior college is higher vocational college and higher vocational college is junior college. There is no difference between them.
What's the difference between higher vocational education and junior college? Is higher vocational education really inferior to junior college? How did a college that has been enrolling students for many years suddenly become a higher vocational school this year? Where is the college? Is there a difference between adult higher vocational education, self-taught higher vocational education and higher vocational education in colleges and universities? Can I continue my undergraduate studies after graduating from higher vocational colleges? Can I only be a worker after graduating from higher vocational colleges? On several issues of general concern to the society, the reporter interviewed Associate Professor Gong, Secretary General of Beijing Higher Vocational Education Research Association.
Get out of the misunderstanding of higher vocational education
Mr. Gong said that the junior college that surprised some parents has not actually disappeared. Higher vocational education is actually specialized education. China's higher education is divided into three types from the academic level: junior college, undergraduate and postgraduate, while from the educational type, junior college education includes subject education and higher vocational education. College education, which has been implemented for many years before, is actually subject education, which has the defect of emphasizing theory over practice. In recent years, the country has been adjusting this unreasonable situation. This year's action is particularly big. Except for normal colleges, all the majors recruited by universities in Beijing have been changed to higher vocational colleges. As a new educational model, higher vocational education pays more attention to the cultivation of application ability, which is a reasonable adjustment for education to actively adapt to the market. In this sense, higher vocational education is obviously closer to the talent market than traditional college education.
This can also be confirmed by the relevant policies of the state on the use of higher vocational graduates. The salary of Beijing higher vocational college graduates is the same as that of junior college students, and agricultural registered permanent residence candidates from Beijing can also apply for peasants. Only sending cards without sending them is just a product of the planned economy era. At present, the policy of undergraduate and undergraduate graduates in colleges and universities is no different from that in higher vocational colleges. It has long been a fact that graduates choose their own jobs.
You can only be a worker after graduating from higher vocational colleges? Most of the majors offered in higher vocational colleges are urgently needed by society. Taking the self-taught higher vocational colleges as an example, we set up computer application, marketing, property management, network technology application and service, decorative arts, intelligent building control technology, numerical control application and other majors. Haidian University, which opened higher vocational education earlier in Beijing, has a novel specialty, and the treatment of graduates even exceeds that of undergraduates and postgraduates in some colleges, and the one-time employment rate is also very high.
A promising future
It is understood that there are a wide range of admission channels for higher vocational education at present. First, the state has given legal enrollment indicators to recruit senior three graduates. This form is different from the previous college except for the training mode, and the enrollment method is exactly the same as that of the college. Vocational and technical students in vocational high schools, technical secondary schools and technical schools can also obtain admission qualifications through the examination (i.e. 3+ X) organized by Beijing alone. The second form is higher vocational education in the category of continuing education. This is true of higher vocational education in adult colleges and self-taught higher vocational education. As a result, the entrance of higher vocational education was opened.
In terms of policy, higher vocational education, as a level of specialized education, can continue further study, but there are still some unsatisfactory places. However, there are still some unsatisfactory places. For example, the lack of a national policy to promote undergraduate education is one of the important reasons why some students do not choose higher vocational colleges. The relevant departments are already considering this issue. According to relevant sources, the problem of upgrading from higher vocational colleges to undergraduate courses is expected to be realized in the next year or two, and Beijing has considered setting up undergraduate courses in some technical higher vocational colleges. By then, the advantages of higher vocational education will be more obvious.
In view of the widespread high consumption of talents being gradually corrected, it can be predicted that it is not impossible for locksmiths in Shenzhen talent market to earn more than graduate students.
Confusion between higher vocational education and higher vocational education: why employers don't recognize higher vocational education?
Today, more than 65,438+3,000 vocational college students have welcomed their job fairs in Beijing, and there is no need to look on coldly at the job fairs for undergraduates and graduate students. But they encountered another embarrassment: at the first job fair in Beijing, many employers still didn't understand what higher vocational education was.
Ren Zhanzhong, director of Peking University Employment Guidance Center, told a story: At a symposium, the personnel manager of a famous large modern enterprise was not clear about the difference between vocational high schools and higher vocational schools. "Are they all secondary vocational education?" Finally, he said carefully.
Coincidentally. Mr. Xie works in a university. Last year, a friend's child applied for higher vocational education. He especially doesn't understand: why should a good boy take the high school exam? Today, Mr. Xie and his colleagues came to attend the meeting to recruit people familiar with printing business. His colleagues also thought that higher vocational education was equal to high school. As a result, the requirements for academic qualifications on the recruitment poster were written as high school education or above.
Many enterprises confuse higher vocational education with vocational high school, which makes officials in the education department laugh and cry. The relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission suggested that abbreviations should not be used in the future. He introduced that the full name of higher vocational education is higher vocational technology, which belongs to the road to study after graduating from high school. The college is organized by ordinary colleges or independent institutions with university education background. The full name of vocational high school is vocational high school, which belongs to junior high school and is admitted after graduation. Generally held by middle schools, with secondary school education.
Higher vocational education has only developed in China in recent years. Take Beijing as an example. In previous years, the number of higher vocational graduates remained at around 1 10,000. Last year, the number of graduates soared to more than 8,000, and this year the number of graduates reached as high as 1.3 million.
In the past, it was understandable that higher vocational education was unknown because of its scale. Last year, the state emphasized the development of vocational education. For a time, various media focused on introducing vocational education.
Advanced vocational education ideas from abroad were introduced into China at no time. For example, after hope 12 education in Australia, 80% of students enter general higher education. In fact, only 50% and 60% students will enter this system, and the rest will choose higher vocational education. In foreign countries, vocational education is a vocational qualification certificate. Higher vocational schools are very cautious when setting up majors, so we must fully investigate the market and enterprises.
However, because the scale of higher vocational education is still small, even some schools that hold higher vocational education don't really understand its meaning, and run higher vocational education like neither junior college nor vocational education.
An industrial adult education school began to recruit higher vocational students last year, and there were only 30 students in one class of accounting major. Teachers in charge of employment are also very worried: the school brand is not loud, and higher vocational education is not a strong point. How do students find jobs? They ran to the job fair, hoping to take this opportunity to promote the school.
"Some higher vocational colleges train students similar to junior college students." An employer who participated in the exhibition was deeply touched by this. Recruiters say that higher vocational students should have strong practical ability. He took out a book and asked the examinee to recognize the font on it. As a result, none of the 20 students could answer.
Many students think that they have professional qualifications when they go to higher vocational colleges. As a partner of a newly established machinery company, Mr. Zhuang came to the job fair to recruit people. A student asks for a monthly salary of 3000 yuan. Teacher Zhuang gave a question on the spot and asked him to sketch the chairs at the exhibition. As a result, he could not draw it. Disappointed with higher vocational students, he turned his attention to undergraduates.
Compared with those famous universities, higher vocational colleges have no national famous brands.
A public school teacher is very emotional: private higher vocational colleges are better than public ones. For example, Beijing Haidian University can set up its own major, and the distribution of students is also quite good. However, for more public universities, the establishment of higher vocational education is somewhat hasty. Many schools do not have their own characteristics, and the professional setting has to listen to the opinions of the competent departments, so the flexibility is relatively weak.
"Since higher vocational employment has been completely market-oriented, why not enroll students?" A teacher in a higher vocational college made a suggestion. She envisioned that after five years of market baptism, higher vocational education would be more standardized. At that time, only characteristics can make higher vocational colleges famous, and only characteristics can make higher vocational colleges survive.
Excerpted from China Youth Daily in March 2003-10.
Is there a difference between "higher vocational education" and "junior college"?
A: The full name of higher vocational education is higher vocational education, in order to be in line with international standards. In the past, junior college laid stress on exams, and students' practical ability was not strong. In order to strengthen practical teaching and cultivate so-called applied talents with university education and advanced professional skills. This has changed all teachers' courses to higher vocational colleges, except junior college. Some old technical secondary schools have been rebuilt and upgraded, and they have also become higher vocational schools. Therefore, higher vocational education and junior college cannot be completely equated. At present, higher vocational education still belongs to the junior college level.
At present, higher vocational education, as a junior college level, is mainly different from the original junior college: First, higher vocational education emphasizes the education and cultivation of students' practical ability and professional skills. Second, higher vocational graduates are applied and skilled professionals, and their employment is more popular, unlike college students who couldn't get out in previous years.
Higher vocational and junior high school diplomas are national education series recognized by the state. The difference between higher vocational education and junior high school lies in the different courses, and higher vocational education focuses on vocational skills.
If you are a skilled worker, of course, higher vocational education is easier, after all, its specialty is more targeted.