First, the analysis of learning situation
I teach Class 5, Grade 20 14 in Senior Four Middle School. There are 58 students, including 34 boys and 24 girls. The highest score in the final math exam is 97, the lowest score is 18, and the average score is 6780+ 19. On the whole, students' math scores are poor, and only 68. 1% students pass; In terms of students' mathematical knowledge, the basic knowledge of basic concepts, basic calculations, space and graphics is extremely lacking; Mathematical thinking confusion; Can't think independently. Most students are highly motivated and can take the initiative to learn. 70% students are self-motivated, but their initiative is not enough, which requires teachers to pay attention to guiding students to clear and correct learning goals and develop correct learning methods. However, about 65,438+00% of the students have unclear learning objectives, love to play all day, can't finish their studies on their own initiative, or even can't finish the homework assigned by their teachers. This requires teachers to cultivate students' specialties and stimulate students' extensive hobbies and interests. There are 80% students with stable psychological quality, healthy thoughts, sound personality, cheerful personality and the ability to communicate with teachers. Can complete the learning task according to the teacher's requirements; About 65,438+00% of the students' mood fluctuates greatly, and they are afraid of suffering, and even some students play the "little emperor" temper. Most students have a correct learning attitude and clear goals. They can concentrate on listening in class and finish their homework on time. However, there are also some students who are tired of learning, live freely and have poor self-control in learning because their parents go out to work and have no one to take care of their lives and study without guidance.
Second, teaching material analysis:
1, the teaching content of this semester is divided into five chapters:
Chapter 12 uses square roots and cubic roots to find the roots of numbers, and then learns the relevant knowledge of real numbers. Chapter XIII, divisibility of algebraic expressions, mainly introduces several basic operations, such as power operation, multiplication and division of algebraic expressions, multiplication formula, factorization, etc., which mainly cultivates and improves students' operational ability.
Chapter 14 Pythagorean Theorem mainly explores Pythagorean Theorem and its application, focusing on cultivating students' thinking in images and establishing models.
Chapter 15 mainly introduces the basic transformation of graphics in translation and rotation, so that students can explore and summarize the laws in practical operation.
Chapter 16 Understanding of Parallelogram introduces the characteristics of parallelogram and several special types of parallelogram, which makes students have a preliminary understanding of geometry.
2. Architecture:
(1) The introduction of mathematical content starts from the actual problem situation, is close to the students' life reality, selects materials with realistic background, and establishes mathematical models, so that students can acquire mathematical concepts and master the skills and methods of solving mathematical problems in the process of solving problems.
(2) The presentation of teaching materials should strive to create learning situations and opportunities for students' self-exploration, properly arrange application, exploration and openness, give full play to students' initiative, leave enough time and space for students to explore independently, promote the cultivation and improvement of students' mathematical thinking ability and creativity, and lay a good foundation for students' lifelong sustainable development.
(3) The compilation of teaching materials should grasp the curriculum standards, be flexible at the same time, and incorporate some selected learning contents to meet the needs of students at higher levels, so that students at different levels can develop.
(4) Narration of teaching materials, background knowledge of mathematics content and introduction of historical materials, etc. Therefore, the background materials and mathematics content are integrated, which can stimulate students' interest in learning mathematics and guide students to appreciate the cultural value of mathematics.
(5) The application of modern information technology occupies an appropriate position in teaching materials, which is conducive to students' understanding of concepts, independent exploration and practical experience. 3. Textbook style.
(1) In the text of the textbook, according to the actual needs of the content of the textbook, set some corresponding columns appropriately. Such as observation, thinking, experiment, thinking, trying and doing. Give students appropriate thinking space, let students gain experience and feelings through independent exploration and master the necessary knowledge.
(2) According to the content of the textbook, arrange some related reading materials, including mathematical historical materials, mathematicians' stories, problems in real life, interesting mathematical problems and knowledge background. , so as to expand students' knowledge, enhance students' application consciousness and interest in mathematics, and educate students in patriotism and humanism.
(3) Control the total number of exercises, reduce the difficulty, increase the types of exploratory, open and practical exercises, write exercises at different levels according to different requirements, conduct classroom exercises according to class hours, set exercises in each section, and set groups A, B, C and C of review questions in different degrees in each chapter to meet the development needs of students at different levels.
(4) Strengthen the study of research-oriented topics, give students more room for development, let students do it themselves, and improve their ability to solve problems and cooperate and communicate.
(5) At the beginning of each chapter, there are maps and introductions to show the main contents of the chapter, so as to stimulate students' interest in learning and curiosity.
Third, the teaching objectives
Chapter 12 Roots of Numbers
1. Let students experience the unfolding process of another series and further understand the dialectical relationship between the development of mathematics and practice.
2. Understand the concepts of square root, arithmetic square root and cube root; Understand the relationship between square and square, square and issuer; I will use the concept of square sum cube to find the square root and cube root of some numbers, and use the root sign to represent them. I will use a calculator to find the arithmetic square root of a non-negative number and the cube root of any number.
3. Understand the concepts of irrational numbers and real numbers, and know that there is a one-to-one correspondence between real numbers and points on the number axis.
4, can estimate the size of some irrational numbers, cultivate students' sense of numbers and estimation ability, and can perform simple real number operations.
Chapter XIII Multiplication and Division of Algebraic Expressions
1. Explore and understand the algorithms of positive integer power (same base powers's multiplication, power multiplication, product multiplication, same base powers's division), and use them to calculate.
2. Explore and understand the multiplication rules of monomial and monomial, monomial and polynomial, polynomial and polynomial, and carry out simple algebraic expression multiplication operation.
3. We will deduce the multiplication formula from the multiplication of algebraic expressions, understand the geometric background of the two multiplication formulas, and make a simple calculation by using the formulas.
4. From power operation to algebraic multiplication, and then to the study of multiplication formula, we know that multiplication formula comes from algebraic multiplication and is applied to the dialectical process of algebraic multiplication, and we initially realize the general law of "special-general-special" in the development of things.
5. Explore and understand the law that the monomial is divided by the monomial and the polynomial is divided by the monomial, so that simple algebraic expression division can be performed.
6. Understand the significance of factorization and its relationship with algebraic expression multiplication, and realize the dialectical thought that things can be transformed into each other.
7. Factorization will be carried out by extracting common factors and formulas (directly using formulas for no more than two times).
8. Let students actively participate in some exploration and practice processes, gradually form the habit of independent thinking and active exploration, and cultivate critical and rigorous thinking and the desire and ability to solve problems initially.
9. Through the study of some life examples in this chapter, we can understand the close relationship between mathematics and life, understand the application value of mathematics to a certain extent, and improve the interest in mathematics learning.
Chapter XIV Pythagorean Theorem
1. Experience the process of asking questions from situations, exploring the process of mastering relevant mathematical knowledge and then applying it to practice, and cultivating the consciousness and ability of learning and applying mathematics.
2. Experience the exploration process of Pythagorean Theorem, master Pythagorean Theorem, and use Pythagorean Theorem to solve related problems.
3. Master the inverse theorem of Pythagorean theorem and use it to solve related problems.
4. Use Pythagorean theorem and its inverse theorem to solve simple practical problems.
5. Feel the value of mathematical culture and the achievements of traditional mathematics in China, and stimulate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland and its long-standing culture.
Chapter 15 Translation and Rotation
1. Understand the translation transformation of graphics through concrete examples, explore its basic characteristics, and understand the basic properties such as "the line segments connected by corresponding points are parallel and equal", "the corresponding line segments are parallel and equal, and the corresponding angles are equal".
2. Simple plane graphics can be made through the translation of graphics as required.
3. Understand the rotation transformation of graphics through concrete examples, explore its basic characteristics, and understand the basic properties such as "the distance from the corresponding point to the rotation center is equal", "the corresponding line segments are equal, and the corresponding angles are equal".
4. Know the rotationally symmetrical graphics, and make simple plane graphics through the rotated graphics as needed.
5. Understand the central symmetry through concrete examples, explore its basic properties, understand the property that "the line segments connecting symmetrical points all pass through and are equally divided by the symmetrical center", and understand that the central symmetric figure is a rotationally symmetric figure with a rotation angle of180.
6. Knowing the concept of graphic congruence, we can identify the vertices, corners and edges corresponding to congruent polygons (triangles) and know that the corners and edges corresponding to congruent polygons (triangles) are equal respectively. Can understand the relationship between three transformations of graphics and graphic congruence.
7. Flexible use of axial symmetry, translation and rotation or their combination to design patterns, and feel and appreciate the application of these graphic transformations in real life.
8, in the process of observation, operation, reasoning, induction and other exploration, develop students' reasonable reasoning ability, and further cultivate students' mathematical reasoning habits and abilities.
Chapter 16 Parallelogram
1. Explore the process of graphic properties by using graphic transformation, experience the process of mathematical research and discovery, and draw correct conclusions.
2. Based on the original understanding of parallelogram, explore and master the properties of parallelogram.
3. Explore and master several special parallelograms-rectangle, diamond, square and their special properties.
4. Grasp the concept of trapezoid, explore and understand the related properties of isosceles trapezoid, and solve some simple problems by decomposing trapezoid into parallelogram and triangle.
5. Understand some relationships among parallelogram, rectangle, diamond, square and trapezoid.
6. In the process of observation, operation, reasoning and induction, develop students' reasonable reasoning ability, further cultivate students' habits and abilities of mathematical reasoning, and require students to skillfully write standardized reasoning formats.
Fourth, teaching measures.
1, seriously study the theory of education and teaching, and combine the implementation of the concept of curriculum standards. Infiltrate the classroom teaching mode of "cooperative group teaching" into teaching. Through observation, thinking, exploration, discussion and induction, let students learn actively. Improve teaching methods, make full use of multimedia, wall charts and physical objects to create teaching scenes, and strive for diversification, life and openness of classroom teaching, teacher-student interaction and student-student interaction to build an efficient classroom. Guide teaching with the concept of new curriculum standards, actively update educational concepts, care for students, and treat students fairly.
2. Cultivate students' interests and good habits. Interest is the best teacher, which can stimulate students' interest, introduce mathematicians, history of mathematics and interesting questions of mathematics in time, supplement corresponding extracurricular thinking questions of mathematics, expand resources and cultivate students' interest through various channels. The key to education is to cultivate habits. Good study habits help students improve their academic performance steadily, develop students' non-intelligence factors, and promote the cultivation of learning interest and good habits.
3. Create a harmonious teaching atmosphere. Guide students to actively participate in the construction of knowledge, and create an efficient learning classroom with democracy, harmony, equality, autonomy, inquiry, cooperation, exchange and sharing, so that students can experience the joy of learning and enjoy the fun of learning. Instruct students to write small papers and review outlines, so that knowledge can come from students' structure.
4. Pay attention to students' emotional attitudes, learning methods and target implementation. Guide students to actively summarize the law of solving problems, guide students to solve many problems, and train students to see the essence through phenomena through variant training to improve their ability to draw inferences from others. Make full use of the physical prototype in the real world to teach and show the colorful geometric world; Emphasize students' hands-on operation and active participation, so that students can understand graphics and develop the concept of space in activities such as observation, operation, imagination and communication; Pay attention to the relationship between concepts, deepen understanding through comparison, and attach importance to the cultivation and training of geometric language. Improve students' quality, cultivate students' divergent thinking and innovative thinking, improve learning efficiency, and get twice the result with half the effort.
5. Do a good job of research. Promote students' autonomy, cooperation and inquiry learning, bring students into inquiry learning, learn to explore, cooperate and learn independently, expand students' knowledge, cultivate interest and improve their ability. Carry out a variety of extracurricular activities, carry out research, extracurricular investigation and operation practice on Olympic Mathematics, cultivate students' exploration ability and the advantages and disadvantages of cooperation, and improve both teachers and students.
6, the implementation of hierarchical teaching. Pay attention to all kinds of students and assign homework A, B, C, etc. , and arranged hierarchically according to classification, which varies from person to person. Take good care of three kinds of students in class: good, medium and to be transformed. Give full play to the help of eugenics, consolidate the knowledge base and improve the ability of every student.
7, do a good job in the implementation of the routine, to ensure the comprehensive completion of education and teaching tasks.
Adhere to teaching as the center, strengthen governance, further standardize teaching behavior, strive for the organic combination of routine and innovation, and promote the formation of their own rigorous, solid, efficient and scientific good teaching style and students' rigorous, diligent, realistic and knowledgeable good study style.
Start from bit by bit, understand students' cognitive level, find information, prepare lessons carefully, strive to create a relaxed and happy learning atmosphere, stimulate hobbies, teach students knowledge, teach them to seek knowledge, cooperate and compete, cultivate students' correct learning attitude, good learning habits and methods, and make students learn interesting and realistically, and benefit from 40 minutes. Enrich the hierarchical design of homework and the study of teaching methods.