Geography compulsory two mind map arrangement
High school geography compulsory two knowledge points summary Chapter 1
1.① "high-low" model (primitive tradition): it is the population growth model before the industrial revolution, including slave society, feudal society and early capitalist society. It can be divided into (1) primitive population growth model: the basic characteristics are high birth rate, high mortality rate and extremely low natural growth rate, which is suitable for the extremely low productivity level of primitive society dominated by gathering and hunting economy; (2) Traditional population growth model: The basic characteristics are high birth rate, high mortality rate and low natural growth rate, which is suitable for the natural economy dominated by manual labor. (A few African countries fall into this category)
② "high-low" mode (transitional mode): Developed countries belong to this population growth mode from the middle of18th century to the end of19th century and the beginning of 20th century. Since 1950s, this model has prevailed in most developing countries, resulting in serious population problems in most developing countries.
③ "low-low-low" mode (modern mode): a modern population growth mode characterized by low birth rate, low mortality rate and low natural growth rate. Developed countries and a few developing countries belong to this type.
2. There are differences between developing countries and developed countries:
Developed countries (represented by Europe and North America) are mostly modern, while developing countries are mostly traditional. China is in a transitional stage from tradition to modernity.
3. The regions with higher natural population growth rate are developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
4. Population growth in China: Due to the implementation of the political system, economy and family planning, the birth rate and natural growth rate have dropped sharply since 1970s, and the pattern of population growth is gradually changing from "high-low" to "three lows".
5. The current situation and chart of population migration in the world and China.
The current situation of world population migration: from developing countries to developed countries, from poor and backward countries to rich countries; From densely populated countries to sparsely populated countries.
The current situation of population migration in China: generally speaking, it is from rural areas to cities and industrial and mining areas, from inland to coastal areas, and from economically underdeveloped areas to developed areas. The main population outflow provinces are Sichuan, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi, Henan and Hubei. The main inflow provinces are Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Jiangsu. Reason: mainly working and doing business, mostly spontaneous migration.
chapter two
1. Urban economic geographical location: political and cultural geographical location such as transportation, mineral resources, tourism resources, commerce and trade: national policy, diplomacy, religion, military affairs, science and technology education, etc.
2. Three signs of urbanization: the proportion of urban population continues to rise, the labor force shifts from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries, and the scale of urban land is expanded.
3. Problems and countermeasures in the process of urbanization.
● Reasons: the infinite expansion of urban scale and the rapid growth of urban population.
● Problem: Traffic congestion; Serious environmental pollution, environmental quality decline; Land price and rent are expensive, and living conditions are poor; The number of unemployed people has increased; Social order is chaotic.
● Measures: Establish satellite towns and develop new areas; Improve urban traffic and living conditions; Control environmental pollution and expand the green area.