Vertical division:
1, elementary mathematics and ancient mathematics: this refers to1mathematics before the 7th century. Mainly Euclidean geometry established by ancient Greece, arithmetic established by ancient China, ancient Indian and ancient Babylon, algebraic equations developed during the European Renaissance, etc.
2. Variable mathematics: refers to mathematics established and developed at the beginning of 17- 19 century. The period of variable mathematics from the first half of17th century can be divided into two stages: the establishment stage of17th century (heroic age) and the development stage of18th century (creative age).
3. Modern mathematics: refers to19th century mathematics. The19th century of modern mathematics is the stage of comprehensive development and maturity of mathematics, and the face of mathematics has undergone profound changes. Most branches of mathematics were formed in this period, and the whole mathematics showed a comprehensive prosperity.
4. Modern mathematics: refers to mathematics in the 20th century. 1900, the famous German mathematician D. Hilbert delivered a famous speech at the World Congress of Mathematicians, and put forward 23 mathematical problems (see below) to predict and understand the future development of mathematics, which opened the prelude of modern mathematics in the 20th century.
Development history
Mathematics (hanyu pinyin: shùXué；; ; Greek: μ α θ η μ α κ; English: mathematics or maths), whose English comes from the ancient Greek word μθξμα(máthēma), has the meaning of learning, learning and science. Ancient Greek scholars regarded it as the starting point of philosophy and the "foundation of learning". In addition, there is a narrow and technical meaning-"mathematical research". Even in its etymology, its adjective meaning is used to refer to mathematics whenever it is related to learning.
Its plural form in English and the plural form in French plus -es form mathématiques, which can be traced back to the Latin neutral plural (mathematica), and Cicero from the Greek plural τ α μ α θ ι α ι κ? (ta mathē matiká).