For a long time, teachers have been required to master the syllabus and more textbooks, so teachers study more textbooks and teaching methods, while studying students' thinking activities is less, so they choose fewer teaching methods suitable for students' cognitive process. Practice has proved that if "learning" is neglected, "teaching" will lose its pertinence. The level of teaching depends largely on students' learning attitude and learning methods. Especially for the first-year students, in the primary school stage, there are few subjects to learn and the knowledge content is shallow, and most of them are taught by teachers, so the learning methods that students need are relatively simple.
After entering middle school, subjects are increased, contents are broadened and knowledge is deepened, especially mathematics develops from concrete to abstract, from words to symbols, from static to dynamic ... The cognitive structure of students has undergone fundamental changes. Add one? Some students have not left the teacher's "aftercare" period and do not have the ability to consciously absorb. As a result, some students' grades gradually decline because they can't learn or learn regularly. Over time, they lost their confidence and interest in learning and began to fall into the predicament of being tired of learning. This is often the reason for the obvious polarization of students in the second stage of junior high school. Therefore, it is very necessary to pay attention to the guidance of mathematics learning methods for junior one students. Let's talk about the contents and forms of the guidance of mathematics learning methods.
First, the content of mathematics learning methods guidance
According to several links of students' learning (preview, lecture, review and consolidation, homework and summary), the learning method is guided by levels and steps from a macro perspective. This learning method is universal and can be applied to other disciplines.
1. Guide to preview methods.
Junior one students are often not good at preview, and they don't know what role preview plays. Preview is just a form, and you can't see the problems and doubts at a glance. When guiding students to preview, students should be required to do the following: 1. Read roughly, first browse the relevant contents of the textbook and master the general situation of this section of knowledge. Second, read carefully and repeatedly, experience and think about important concepts, formulas, laws and theorems, pay attention to the formation process of knowledge, mark difficult concepts, and attend classes with questions. In terms of methods, classroom preview or unit preview can be used. Before previewing, the teacher arranges the preview outline first, so that students can have a clear aim. Practice has proved that developing good preview habits can make students change passive learning into active learning, and at the same time, it can gradually cultivate students' autonomous learning ability.
2. Guidance on listening methods.
Under the guidance of teaching methods, we should deal with the relationship between "listening", "thinking" and "remembering".
"Listening" means directly accepting knowledge with the senses, and students should be instructed to pay attention to: (1) listening to the learning requirements of each class; (2) Listening to the process of knowledge introduction and knowledge formation; (3) Understanding the analysis of key points and difficulties (especially the doubtful points in preview); (4) Listen to the reflection of problem-solving ideas and mathematical thinking methods; (5) Listen to the summary after class. Teachers should focus on teaching clear-cut content, pay attention to preventing "injection" and "full-time irrigation", grasp the best teaching time, and make students listen effectively.
"Thinking" refers to students' thinking. Without thinking, students can't play the main role. In the guidance of thinking methods, students should pay attention to: (1) think more, think diligently and think with listening; (2) Thinking deeply, that is, tracing back to the source and being good at asking questions boldly; (3) Good thinking refers to association, conjecture and induction through listening and observation; (4) Establish critical consciousness and learn to reflect. It can be said that "listening" is the key to "thinking", and "thinking" is the deepening of "listening" and the core and essential content of learning methods. Only when you think can you learn.
"Notes" refers to students' class notes. Generally, senior one students don't take good notes. They usually copy what the teacher wrote on the blackboard, and often use "notes" instead of "listening" and "thinking". Although some notes are well written, they are of little use. Therefore, when instructing students to take notes, they should be required to: (1) take notes and obey the lecture, and seize the opportunity of recording; (2) Remember the main points, questions, ideas and methods of solving problems; (3) Remember to summarize and think after class. Make it clear that "remembering" serves "listening" and "thinking".
Only by grasping the relationship between the three can the main link of mathematics learning reach a more perfect realm.
Classroom learning guidance is the most important learning method. At the same time, we should combine different teaching contents and give corresponding guidance on learning methods.
3. Review, consolidate and complete the instruction of operation methods.
Junior one students are often eager to finish their written homework after class, ignoring the necessary consolidation, memory and review.
Therefore, the phenomenon of imitating routine problems and solving problems with formulas appeared, which caused homework to be handed in for the sake of handing in homework, which could not play its due role in consolidating and deepening the understanding of knowledge. Therefore, students are required to read the textbook first every day, and review the knowledge and methods taught in class, memory formulas and theorems (memory methods include analogy memory, associative memory, intuitive memory, etc.) in combination with the key points and difficulties of notes. ). Then finish your homework independently, and reflect after solving the problem. In homework writing, we should also pay attention to the guidance of "writing" and ask students to write in a standardized and clear format. It is very difficult for junior one students to do this. Students (1) should be taught how to convert written language into symbolic language. (2) How to express the process of reasoning and thinking in words; (3) Draw correctly according to the conditions. The exemplary role of teachers here is extremely important. At first, we can intentionally imitate and train students, and gradually students can develop good writing habits, which is very important for future study and work.
4. Summarize or summarize the guidance of the method.
When doing unit summary or term summary, freshmen tend to rely on teachers, and teachers are used to reviewing and summarizing. I think students should be trained to learn their own summary methods from the first day of junior high school. In specific guidance, the way of review and summary can be given. We should have a look: read books, take notes and exercise, and remember and familiarize ourselves with what we have learned through reading; Two columns: list relevant knowledge points, mark key and difficult points, and list the relationship between knowledge points, which is equivalent to writing summary points; Do three things: on this basis, solve one thing with purpose, focus and selectivity? Various levels and types of exercises, through solving problems and then feedback, find problems and solve problems. Finally, it summarizes all kinds of questions and problem-solving methods that reflect the knowledge learned. It should be said that learning to summarize is the highest realm of mathematics learning.
Students' summary should be combined with teachers' summary, and teachers' summary should be refined and improved to make students' level develop to a higher level.
Second, the teaching form of mathematics learning methods
1. Lecture style. Including course style and lecture style. The course style is to arrange several classes in the first few weeks of freshmen's enrollment to introduce students to how to learn mathematics and put forward the regular requirements of mathematics learning. Lectures can be divided into special topics and held once or twice a month, such as introducing "how to attend classes", "how to learn concepts" and "problem-solving thinking training".
2. alternating current. Let the students communicate with each other and introduce their own learning methods. Students of this class, this grade or senior grade can be invited to introduce their mathematics learning methods, experiences and understandings. This way is easy for students to accept, and the atmosphere is active. They don't want to make it big, but just want to make one, so that communication can really play a role in promoting mutual learning.
3. Consulting style. Mainly for the guidance and consultation of individual students. No learning method is suitable for everyone. At this time, we should deeply understand the students' learning foundation, study the differences of students' cognitive level, and give different guidance or consultation for different students' learning methods. Especially for underachievers, we should pay special attention to them. Because many underachievers don't have a good study habit and method, general guidance has little effect on them, so they must be given individual guidance, both knowledge and learning methods. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and helping every student to learn, learn and learn well is the key to all students and improve their quality and teaching quality in an all-round way.
The guidance of mathematics learning methods is a long-term and arduous task, and the first grade of junior high school is the initial stage of middle school. Grasping the guidance of learning methods will play a vital role in future study.