Archimedes established the basic principles of statics and hydrostatics. Several methods for finding the center of gravity of geometric figures are given, including the center of gravity of the figure surrounded by parabola and its parallel chords. Archimedes proved that the buoyancy of an object in a liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces. This result was later called Archimedes principle. He also gave the criterion of equilibrium stability of a parabola rotating body floating in liquid. The machine invented by Archimedes has a water screw for diverting water, which can pull the lever pulley machine for loading large ships to explain the three-ball operation model of solar eclipse and lunar eclipse. But he thought that mechanical invention was lower than pure mathematics, so he didn't write a book on it.
Newton wrote the mathematical principles of natural philosophy and optics. He described gravity and Newton's laws of motion (III) in his paper "Laws of Nature" published in 1687. These descriptions laid the scientific view of the physical world in the next three centuries and became the basis of modern engineering. By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's law of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the motions of objects and celestial bodies on the ground all follow the same natural laws, which provided strong theoretical support for the theory of sun-centeredness and promoted the scientific revolution.
3. Gauss discovered the prime number distribution theorem; Invented the least square method; Gaussian bell curve (normal distribution curve) is obtained, and its function is named standard normal distribution (Gaussian distribution); A regular heptagon is constructed with a ruler; This paper summarizes the application of complex numbers, and strictly proves that every N-order algebraic equation must have N real numbers or complex numbers. The quadratic reciprocity law is proved. The concept of triangle congruence theorem is derived. The trajectory of the asteroid Ceres was calculated.
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Modern mathematicians in China
1, Chen Jingrun (1933 May 22 ~1March 99619), male, Han nationality, from Fuzhou, Fujian, is a famous mathematician in China.
Mainly engaged in the research of analytic number theory, and achieved international leading results in the research of Goldbach conjecture. In 1950s, important improvements were made to the lattice points of Gauss circle, the lattice points of ball, the Tali problem and the Waring problem. Since the 1960s, he has conducted in-depth research on screening methods and related important issues. 1May, 966, he proved the proposition "1+2", which greatly promoted the proof of Goldbach conjecture that people have not solved for more than 200 years. This result is known as "Chen Theorem" in the world, and later he improved it.
2. Hua (191010 12-1June 198512), former vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Hua is mainly engaged in the research of analytic number theory, matrix geometry, canonical group, automorphic function theory, multiple complex variable function theory, partial differential equation, high-dimensional numerical integration and other fields; It also solves the difficult problem of estimating Gaussian complete triangular sum, the improvement of Willing and Tali problems, the proof of the basic theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry, and the application research of modern number theory methods. It is listed as one of the 88 greatest mathematicians in the world in the Chicago Museum of Science and Technology. The international achievements in mathematical research include Fahrenheit theorem, Fahrenheit inequality and Hua Wang method.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Three Mathematicians in the World
Baidu encyclopedia-mathematician