GalileoGalilei， 1564-02-25- 1642-0 1-08)。 Italian mathematician, physicist and astronomer, one of the founders of modern experimental science. Born in Pisa, died in Chetri. Galileo's surname is Galileo, and his full name is galileo galilei, but now people usually call him Galileo instead of his surname.

Galileo was born into a declining aristocratic family. His father, Vincenzi o Galileo1520-1591,is proficient in music theory and acoustics, and has written a book "Music Dialogue".

Galileo started school at 1572.

1575 moved to Florence with his family and entered the monastery to study.

158 1 Galileo studied medicine at the University of Pisa at the age of 17, but he was interested in mathematics, physics and instrument manufacturing. He is good at math and physics and is famous for his debates.

1585 dropped out of school because of family poverty and became a tutor. He still studied hard on his own and devoted himself to the scientific works of the ancient Greeks. He invented the hydrostatic balance to determine the composition of alloy.

1586 wrote the paper "Balance". This achievement has attracted the attention of the national academic circles, and people call him "the contemporary Archimedes".

1589 wrote a paper on the center of gravity of solids and won new honors. The University of Pisa therefore hired him as a professor of mathematics at the age of 25. Teaching geometry and astronomy.

Since then, his life has gone through three periods: teaching at the University of Pisa for three years (1589- 159 1 year); He has taught in Padua University for 18 years (1592— 16 10 years); 16 10 to 1642 died and moved to Florence as the chief philosopher and mathematician of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. 159 1 his father died of illness, 1592- 16 10 went to teach at the university of Padua in Venice due to the financial burden of his family. 1609 back to Florence. He moved to Florence from 16 10 and went to Rome twice:161to perform his telescope; 1633 went to the religious court for trial. His contribution to mechanics was mainly in the first two periods, while his discovery in astronomy and his propaganda and development of Copernicus theory were in the third period.

16 1 1 year went to Rome as an academician of the Academy of Forestry.

1633 was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Roman inquisition for "opposing the Pope and promoting evil learning". After being convicted by the Inquisition, his early mechanical research became his main job again.

After 1638, my eyes gradually became blind, and the evening scene was bleak.

1642 65438+ died on1October 8th. More than 300 years later,1979165438+10/0, the Pope had to announce at a public meeting that Galileo's judgment 1633 was unfair. 1June, 980, 10 The case was retried, and a committee composed of world-renowned scientists with different religious beliefs was formed in Rome to study the whole story of Galileo's case, the relationship between science and religion, the scientific value of Galileo's theory and its contribution to modern scientific thought.