Modern biathlon originated in Norway. 1767, the Norwegian border patrol, which is guarding the border between Norway and Sweden, held a ski shooting competition, stipulating that in the whole process of sliding the constitution, the target beyond 40-50 steps should be shot with a rifle, and the winner with the best performance will receive a prize equivalent to 20 kronor. This is the beginning of the combination of skiing and shooting. 1877, Norway established the world's first ski club, named "teissier Rifle and Ski Club".
At the 10th Winter Olympic Games held in Chamonix, France from 65438 to 0924, this sport was once listed as a military sport. In addition to the cancellation of this project in the third Winter Olympics, this project was established in the second, fourth and fifth Winter Olympics. However, in 1948, due to the anti-war sentiment after World War II, this project was cancelled again. 1960 At the Eighth Winter Olympic Games held in the United States, the sport was named "Modern Biathlon" at the suggestion of the Swedes, and it was not included in the official competition schedule until today.
After 1960, the contents of biathlon now include individual 20km, 10km cross-country skiing, shooting and team 4x7.5km cross-country skiing shooting relay. 1980 The meeting of the International Federation of Modern Pentathlon and Biathlon decided to add the following events from 198 1 1 in international competitions:10km cross-country skiing shooting women's adult group and 3x women's individual competition adult group. Youth women's 10 km cross-country skiing shooting, youth women's 5 km cross-country skiing shooting individual competition; Women's 3× 5km cross-country skiing shooting team relay in youth group.
Biathlon is a very interesting sport. Cross-country skiing is fierce, and shooting is carried out in the case of relative stillness. Combining these two kinds of competitions with different characteristics requires athletes not only to have the skills to quickly turn into relatively static in situ under the condition of strenuous exercise, but also to have the ability to quickly turn from relatively static in situ into strenuous exercise. Therefore, it is not easy to complete this sport, and athletes must have comprehensive basic skills.
The venue route of the competition is generally located in the suburban hilly area. According to the distance of the project and the number of shots, a taxi route of 3-5 laps will be set in the whole process, and a restricted area with a diameter of150m will be set (taxiing will be punished when shooting bullets miss the target). 5.6 mm small caliber rifles are used in the competition, the trigger should not be less than 500 grams, the aiming system should not use the amplifying device, and the initial velocity of the bullets should not exceed 420 m/s. Athletes should carry guns and bullets during the competition, but they should not load the bullets into the guns in advance. Only after entering the shooting position can they put the magazine on the rifle and shoot.
In the 10 km individual competition, the athletes started with guns and 10 bullets, and there were two shots on the way, one shot 5 bullets in the horizontal position at 3 km of skiing, and the other shot 5 bullets in the vertical position at 6 km. In the 20-kilometer individual competition, athletes carry guns and 20 bullets when they leave; Four shots were fired. Five bullets are fired at the shooting point of each slide. Shooting point 1.3 is horizontal shooting, and shooting points 2 and 4 are vertical shooting. After the shooting, slide the fifth lap until the finish line. The distance between the two shooting points is 3 kilometers. The specifications and distance of the target are the same as those of 10 km individual competition. There is no penalty time for hitting, and each bullet 1 minute is a miss. The score calculation is the total time of cross-country skiing plus the penalty time, which adds up to the total score.