Suppose that the number of short bamboos used to make the pen holder is x, and the number of short bamboos used to make the pen holder is y,
Then: x+y=83000①
3x=5y②
Both forms are expressed at the same time, x=5 1875.
y=3 1 125
Answer: The number of short bamboos used to make pens is 5 1875, and the number of short bamboos used to make pen covers is 3 1 125.