In the 0/4th century BC, the triangular harp and the long-necked pipa from West Asia were introduced to Egypt, and the size of the harp changed from small to large. An oboe instrument replaced the flute, and the scale changed from five to seven. Around the 27th century BC, percussion instruments appeared, and from 3 100 BC to 2686 BC, clappers decorated with various animal heads appeared. Soon, castanets, chimes, drums, chimes and other percussion instruments appeared, and drums and drums were first seen in the 20th century BC.

In the preserved literature, it can be inferred from some lyrics that can be preserved so far that there are as many as 40 multi-songs; It is also recorded that the first professional musician Hermlai (the queen's concubine) appeared in the ancient kingdom era (around the 25th century BC). In the Middle Kingdom era, a large number of folk musicians played in festivals, while in the New Kingdom era, vagrants and beggars appeared.

The banjo in Egypt is a relic of the BC 1200 19 dynasty.

The ancient Egyptians believed that music phenomenon was closely related to the movement of the universe, and even reflected the movement of celestial bodies, and attached great importance to the moral and cultural functions of music. These musical thoughts had a great influence on ancient Greek musical thoughts (mathematician Pythagoras lived in Egypt for 22 years, and philosopher Plato also went to Egypt).