In foreign countries, Pythagorean theorem is called Pythagorean theorem. Pythagoras was a philosopher and mathematician in ancient Greece (about 582-500 BC). It is said that after he discovered this theorem, his joy was beyond words. More than 100 livestock were slaughtered to sacrifice to the Muse. It is generally believed that Babylonians knew about it before Pythagoras. Actually, Shang Gao, a mathematician in the Western Zhou Dynasty in China, has put forward the Pythagorean theorem, which is more than 600 years earlier than Pythagoras and should be called Shang Gao Theorem.
2. Euler polyhedron formula
One of the most interesting theorems about convex polyhedron is Euler formula: V-E+F = 2, which was actually discovered by Descartes around 1635. Euler independently discovered this formula and published it in 1752. Because Descartes' research was not discovered until 1860, this theorem is called Euler formula instead of Descartes' formula.
3. Robita rule
The first calculus textbook was published in Paris on 1696 by Robita. The book contains a method to solve the limit of infinitives, namely Robita's rule, which was actually discovered by Bernoulli. At that time, Robita paid Bernoulli regularly. Apparently, according to their contract. Bernoulli gave this mathematical discovery to Robita.
4. Leibniz determinant method
The concept of determinant first appeared in the west and in a series of letters from Leibniz to Robita in 1693. Accordingly, Leibniz won the honor of inventing determinant. But in 1683, the concept of determinant appeared in the works of Japanese mathematician Guan Xiaohe.
5. Cardan formula
The formula for finding the root of cubic equation is generally called Catan formula. 1545, this formula appeared in cardan's great skills. Carden is a doctor, mathematician and gambler. He cheated Cardin formula from Tattaglia, and he vowed never to reveal the secret.
6. Bernoulli polar coordinates
It is generally believed that polar coordinates were founded by Bernoulli. Now there is evidence that Newton was the real founder of polar coordinates.
7. Ma Xue Ronnie Geometry
1797, Ma Xue Mas Ceroni discovered an amazing result: Any Euclidean geometric figure that can be made with Euclidean tools (compasses and rulers) can be made only with compasses. To this end, he wrote a book "Compass Geometry". It was not until 1928 that people discovered that Georg Mohr, an unknown Danish mathematician, also got roughly the same result, and proved it 125 years earlier than Max Ceroni.
8. Gaussian complex plane
In fact, the paper on geometric representation of complex numbers published by Gauss in Journal of Royal Danish Academy on 1798 was written by a Norwegian surveyor named Vizer. Now the complex plane is called Gaussian complex plane instead of Vizer complex plane. Obviously, Wiezell's work has not attracted people's attention.
9. Prefix axiom
When passing through a point outside a given straight line on a plane, you can only make a straight line parallel to this straight line. John Playfair (1748- 18 19), a Scottish physicist and mathematician, applied this kilometer at the same price as Euclid's fifth postulate, and it is widely known. Therefore, this axiom is called the Prefil axiom. However, around 1460, Plato philosopher Pross discussed this point in detail.
10. Diophantine equation
Diophantine equation refers to linear indefinite equation. But Diophantine usually studies quadratic equations. Therefore, it is not appropriate to call the linear indefinite equation Diophantine equation. Indian medieval mathematician Brahma Gupta (about 625) was interested in linear indefinite equations.
1 1. Kramer's law
Kramer published his book Introduction to Algebraic Curves in 1750. In the appendix of this book, he gives the law of understanding linear equations, namely Kramer's law. However, a mathematician named colin maclaurin put forward this rule in his algebra monograph published in 1748 after his death. Perhaps because of Kramer's fame, this law has been circulating, so this law is called Kramer's law.
12. Pascal triangle
1665, in On Arithmetic Triangle published after Pascal's death, arithmetic triangle was applied, that is, a triangle composed of binomial coefficients, which was called Pascal Triangle in Europe. In fact, in China, Jia Xian, a mathematician in the Song Dynasty (about 1 1 century), discovered this triangle. 126 1 year, Yang Hui, a mathematician in the Southern Song Dynasty, included this triangle in his "Detailed Explanation of Nine Chapters". He commented that this method comes from "Unlocking Calculation Book", which is what Jia Xian used. This shows that China discovered and used this method before 1200 years ago.
13. Pell equation
The most complicated case should belong to the equation x2-dy2 = 1, which is called "Pell equation". However, Pell was neither the first person to study it nor the first person to solve it. Euler, a mathematician, mistakenly regarded Pell as the first person to solve the equation x2-3 13y2 = 1. In fact, Pell only revised an algebra book translated by others, which recorded Fermat's x2-3 13y2 = 1. Indian mathematician Bramaguta put forward the equation X2-92Y2 = 1 around 650, and found the minimum solution X = 1 15 1, Y = 120. Earlier, around 200 BC, the Greek mathematician Archimedes put forward the famous cattle problem, which finally came down to the equation X2-4729494Y2 = 1. Lagrange was the person who studied this problem in detail and solved it thoroughly, but the name "Pell Equation" sounded loud and smooth, so it was Euler's choice by default.
There are many similar problems in the history of mathematics, which need further textual research.