Family doctor online 2020-2-2214:12:13.
The epidemic prevention and control war is still going on, and epidemiological investigation has become the top priority of the war. As the basic source of epidemic prevention and control, epidemiological investigation must go all out to grasp the facts and details. The contents of epidemiological investigation are divided into case investigation and cluster epidemic investigation, with the purpose of investigating the source of infection, exploring the characteristics of the disease and judging the close contacts. So, why is it so important to mention "epidemiological investigation" here? Answer one or two first.
What is an epidemiological survey? Epidemiological investigation refers to the investigation and study conducted by epidemiological methods. It is mainly used to study the distribution and determinants of diseases, health and hygiene events. Through these studies, reasonable preventive health care countermeasures and health service measures are put forward, and the effects of these countermeasures and measures are evaluated.
Observation and research
Observational research means that researchers conduct epidemiological research through field investigation and analysis without limiting the exposure of the observed objects. Conceptually, it is opposite to experimental research. Observation research mainly includes three methods: cross-sectional study, case-control study and cohort study.
(2) Experimental research
Experimental research refers to imposing or eliminating certain factors or measures on the research object under the control of researchers and observing the influence of such factors or measures on the research object. Experimental research can be divided into clinical trials, field trials and community intervention trials.
(3) Research on mathematical model
Also known as theoretical epidemiological research, that is, to simulate the process of disease epidemic through mathematical models and explore the dynamics of disease epidemic, so as to serve the prevention and control of diseases and the formulation of health strategies. For example, people predict the threat of HIV/AIDS to human beings by simulating the epidemic law of HIV/AIDS in different populations and socio-economic conditions, and compare the effects of different intervention strategies on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS.
From the perspective of logical reasoning, people's ways of understanding things can be divided into induction and deduction. Epidemiology is basically an inductive science. Epidemiology embodies its induction from two aspects: "description" and "analysis", with emphasis on analysis in description and throughout description in analysis. The so-called analytical description is what people often call descriptive epidemiology, which is to group the obtained data according to the characteristics of different regions, different times and different people, and truly show the distribution of diseases, health or health events. Its method is both basic and flexible. People often get inspiration from their conclusions and guide people to further explore and study.
This time in novel coronavirus, we also learned from the epidemiological investigation that most cases can be traced back to the close contacts with the confirmed cases, suggesting the key points of prevention and control in novel coronavirus.
(Editor: Family Doctor Online)
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