This principle means that "potential" is the "origin" of everything in the universe, and all "existence" is outside it and inside it. (See Sun's Expressionism, page 20, Shandong People's Publishing House, 199 1)

The "primitive man" mentioned here can be understood as "seed". For example, rice, its rice seeds, of course, are seeds; In fact, every cell has roots, leaves and flowers, and they are also seeds. These sounds like "Arabian nights", which have been confirmed by practice. For rice plants, "cell culture" and "flower culture" can be "manifested". The "seed" here is a "potential" plant, which is the origin of roots, leaves, flowers and fruits of every cell.

Actually, the whole universe is the same. Before the formation of the universe, there was a "potential" universe, or the "seed" of the universe, which evolved into the universe through expansion (at least with a trillion-trillion coefficient) (see Chapter 16 of Alan Guth's The Universe in the Back Garden and The Third Culture).

It is worth mentioning that Darwin once had an important insight that all living things are related to a common ancestor. Professor Daniel Dennett even thought, "If I can give an award to the best idea ever, I will give it to Darwin, not Newton, Einstein or anyone else". (See [America] John Brockman's The Third Culture, page 176) This is probably because before Darwin, people thought that the world order was arranged by the benevolent creator God. Darwin's greatness lies in that he reduced the level of explanation from God to the struggle of organisms for survival, adaptation and evolution (Newton still attributed the first driving force to God).

However, the "potential" manifestation revealed by the principle of homogeneity of the universe in grey theory belongs to the growth of organizations, which is different from Darwin's so-called evolution and does not mean progress. This is the place where the principle of the same nature of the universe "color is more important than the world".

Cosmic isomorphism principle

This principle means that all the "existing" parts of the universe contain all the information of the whole, and the whole also contains all the information of some parts. From primitive man to the tree of the universe, any part is a whole, and any whole is a part. So the whole universe has the same interests. "Like-minded" means "thinking about the universe and thinking about the ages".

For example, a part contains all the information. Like a drop of water, it contains the information of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), and also reflects the information of all the water in the world. On the contrary, the whole also contains some information. All the water in the world contains the information of every drop.

For another example, the seed of a plant is partially integrated with the whole plant, and the seed contains the information of the whole plant. When conditions are met, seeds can grow into plants; Plants contain information about seeds. When conditions are met, seeds can be produced. From the mutual repetition of seeds and plants, we can see all the information about the past, present and future of the relationship between parts and whole. (See Sun's Expressionism, p. 14, Shandong People's Publishing House, 199 1)

Of course, it should be pointed out that the potential is holographic infinite, the display is holographic limited, and the coherent display is conditional. (ibid., page 3 16)

Cosmic isomorphism principle

This principle means that all the corresponding existence of the universe, or all the bipolar relations between affirming oneself and denying oneself, have contradictory self-identity structures.

For example, in the world of existence, matter and spirit are the same self-contradictory structure; In the rational world, antecedents and consequences are contradictory self-identity structures; In the technological world, input and output are the same structure of self-contradiction; In the economic world, supply and demand are contradictory self-identity structures; In the management world, the leader and the led are contradictory self-identical structures, and so on.

It should be pointed out that cosmology isomorphism, isomorphism, isomorphism principle is the most difficult part of grey science principle. The reason is that the information "wings" here are inserted in mathematics. It comes from the axiom of grey mathematics initiated by Professor Deng Julong. Grey mathematics is different from general mathematics based on real number set. It is a definite number and an albino state of grey number set. However, grey mathematics is mathematics with information. It is a new type of mathematics, based on cognitive information bases (geometry information base, situation information base, quality information base, time information base, utility information base, quantity information base, etc.). ). It is different from discrete mathematics based on Cantor set and fuzzy mathematics. (See Deng Julong's Introduction to Grey Mathematics, preface, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, 1992) If fuzzy mathematics studies the uncertainty brought about by the destruction of law of excluded middle; Nonlinear mathematics and probability theory mathematics study the uncertainty caused by the destruction of the "law of causality"; Then, based on "incomplete information", grey mathematics studies why some are certain and some are uncertain. Grey theory holds that there is nothing absolutely pure in the world, and mathematicians think that "grey mathematics" is not "pure mathematics" because it carries information. But this is exactly what volcanic ash research wants.

By the way, what are the advantages of grey mathematics? I think it is very important that it quantitatively studies the cognitive process of the subject to the object for the first time. First of all, I would like to quote a passage from Gao Mingguang, then director of the Propaganda Department of the Publishing Bureau of the Communist Party of China, at the press conference of Sun's Grey Theory and Selected Works held in the State Council/Kloc-0+May.

He said, "I always feel that why idealism has so many markets is related to materialism's failure to understand the mechanism of understanding." The current cognitive mechanism is hard to say clearly. I have also come into contact with people with great academic achievements, and their understanding is only a few words, from the outside to the inside, from the outside to the inside, how can we get there? This problem does not completely solve the study of cognitive mechanism, which is very important for consolidating the position of Marxism. The founders of Marxism had some discussions on cognitive theory, but they didn't make it clear. I am glad to see that Sun talked about many problems in the cognitive mechanism in his works "(see Sun's Grey Theory, pp. 3-4).

What needs to be emphasized is that people can only know each other through information, from the outside to the inside, from the false to the true. People know the object according to information, and the result (conclusion) of cognition can also be information, through which information can be known. The principle of homology, isomorphism and isomorphism in cosmology is the result of information, from here to there, from outside to inside. Another important advantage of grey mathematics is that it can use the original seemingly irregular random data to establish grey differential equations and prediction models. This seems impossible T.C. Hsia Zhiqing, an authoritative professor at the University of California. The grey theory turns the random process into a grey quantity that changes in a certain range and time zone. At the same time, through the "information generation" similar to the "grain weight" level to the "thousand-grain weight" level in agriculture, the original uncertainty is transformed into a certain degree of certainty. Therefore, it broke through the "forbidden zone" set by Professor Xia Zhiqing. What is more worth mentioning is that it provides a powerful weapon for scientific decision-making work of all units, departments and systems. The essence of science lies in its predictability. Grey theory only needs four original data to establish a prediction model (recent research progress: each data is regarded as the result of the comprehensive action of various related factors, so there is only one data), which is obviously a breakthrough for the commonly used "probability theory" based on the "law of large numbers" because it needs a lot of data (which stumbles many units that have not been established for a long time and lack information). In addition, the "grey controller" is highly valued by the relevant departments in the State Council, to some extent, thanks to its prior prediction and control.

Non-uniqueness principle

The principle of non-uniqueness is the logical result of the grey view of nature that there is no "only certain pure thing" in the world. It shows that any problem in the world, in general, has more than one correct answer. Or, on the whole, there is more than one truth. Therefore, the methods and ways to refine new topics are not unique, and the countermeasures to open up new situations and solve new problems are not unique, which is the deep foundation for people to emancipate their minds.

For example, the same disease can be treated by Chinese medicine or western medicine; Timing can be clockwise or countdown; Bathing can be "hot water bath" or "cold water bath"; A math problem, the solution is not unique; The choice between them is not true or false or right or wrong.

Another example is the discovery that natural selection acts on individuals, which is an important contribution of Darwin. Simply put, if some fish and seedlings die and some survive, this is called natural selection. The individuals here belong to the material field, and all have the length of mass, charge or millimeter.

According to the non-uniqueness principle of grey science, there must be natural selection and unnatural selection. Natural selection acts on the individual material level, and it must also act on the non-individual non-material level. Now, the prediction of this principle has been proved correct. Professor george williams and other studies show that some features cannot be explained by natural selection. For example, the footprints of foxes in the snow can help foxes find chickens. This does not mean that the fox has grown a melon to adapt to the footprints in the snow. In addition, he also found that natural selection acts on the non-individual and non-material level, that is, genes. Genes are "packages", not substances. It has no mass, charge or millimeter size. Symbols describing information include bits, redundancy, distortion, etc. (See george williams, "Information Package" and "The Third Culture", pp. 9-265,438+0).

Short point principle

This principle means that everything in the changing universe can be divided into two parts: the deterministic part on the "short point" and the uncertain part on the "non-short point". These two parts have their own world picture and application rules. The "short point" part is dominated by one side's intervention law to overcome the other side, and the "non-short point" part is controlled by the coordination law.

For example, the war years before the liberation of China were a "short-point" period, and both sides of the contradiction belonged to one side to overcome the intervention of the other; The period of economic construction after liberation is a "non-short-term" period, and it is wrong to use one side to overcome the intervention law of the other (such as class struggle). Under the guidance of the law of harmony, the society, economy and politics will develop harmoniously, and both sides of the contradiction will win. The deficiency here can be demonstrated and calculated by grey mathematics, and the ratio of "win-win" and who should win more under different conditions can also be determined by grey relational degree advantage analysis.

For another example, the relationship with economic criminals belongs to the "short-term" period before committing a crime or not being brought to justice, and the relationship with the people belongs to the intermediary relationship in which one party defeats the other; The period of reeducation through labor and reform through labor is a "non-short-term" period, which should be handled in a harmonious relationship between human nature and morality, and cannot be "immune to abuse"

The analysis of historical events shows that all kinds of mistakes, whether in science and technology or sociology, are generally caused by applying the short point law to non-short points or applying the non-short point law to short points.

Representation principle

This principle means that the world of people on earth is the world of human behavior. The performance of human behavior not only depends on the self-behavior of the subject (I), but also has the nature of being independent of the life and death of the subject (I). Representing the world is a contradictory and two-way self-identity between the subject's initiative and the object's independence, and their unity is realized through human activities. It is a powerful weapon against pure subject theory and pure object theory in all walks of life, disciplines and fields.

For example, this principle reveals the expression of human purpose and behavior and puts forward the outlook on life. (See Sun: Expressionism, section 10, Behavioral Expression of Need and Purpose, pp. 274-289) It should be said that ignorance of "the purpose of life" is the "most ignorant" and "the crown of confusion" in the world, and the importance of revealing this issue is self-evident.

For another example, this principle reveals the expression of people's value behavior and puts forward the value problem of "water and sky are one color" (ibid., see section I "Behavior expression of demand and value", pages 35-55).

In addition, the principle of expression also reveals many important issues such as moral behavior, educational behavior and progressive behavior.

Inflexion principle

This principle is a further promotion, quantification and scientification of unprincipled compromise and the doctrine of the mean. It boils down the compromise theory and the golden mean to a special case of inflection point principle.

As we all know, eclecticism is an unprincipled patchwork of different or even fundamentally opposing views. In BC 1 century, eclecticism appeared in the history of western philosophy. The Doctrine of the Mean was once a cosmology, methodology and moral realm advocated by Confucianism in China. Among them, there are righteousness, neutrality and justice; Ordinary, ordinary, regular, etc. People think that the golden mean is the highest moral standard of a gentleman. In the west, Aristotle linked the golden mean with the golden mean, thinking that everything has its golden mean, such as "10" and the number "5" in it. (See the philosophical dictionary eclecticism, edited by Feng Qi, p. 784, The Doctrine of the Mean, p. 194- 195, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1992).

This theory was later criticized, and now there are signs of resurgence. No wonder Dong Guangbi, a famous scientist in China, said: "The characteristics of ancient science in China have some characteristics of the third scientific thought to some extent. Does this mean that science may have some tendency to return to ancient China in the future? " (See the famous scientist Dong Guangbi's comments on the Third Science)

The inflection point principle holds that the spiral development of things makes it possible to imagine that science will return to ancient times in the future. However, the trend of regression is not equal to simple repetition. With the help of the sharp tool of grey mathematics, the inflection point principle calculates the degree of correlation and determines the "inflection point" by analyzing the advantages of grey correlation degree of related factors of both sides of the contradiction. This point may be the middle point 5 of the number "10", or it may not be the middle points 3 and 7, or even the decimal point and so on.

For example, both parties to a traffic accident may be equally responsible, with 50 boards each; But it is more likely that the responsibility is three points seven points, two points eight points and so on.

Another example is Einstein's theory of relativity, which neither agrees with Newton's mechanical theory nor Bohr's quantum theory, but it is not the number "5" of "10". Because Einstein's pursuit of simplicity, symmetry, certainty and completeness shows that he is more related to classical mechanics. Therefore, he is usually called the last and greatest scientist in classical science.

Grey curve principle

This principle means that everything in the world follows the fundamental law of curve development. Everything has a natural path of occurrence, growth, peak and decline. The curve of everyone's development is definite, but the realization form of the curve is non-unique and uncertain.

For example, biology (including people) has a life curve, DNA has a double helix curve, protein has a spiral curve, athletes have a life curve, commodities have a life curve, things have a development spiral curve, objects have a motion curve, information should cover the curve, the system has a fluctuation curve, and even poetry has a life curve.

In fact, everything will have ups and downs, everything will be relaxed, the river will not bend, and the road to success will bend. This is the simplest truth. The significance of grey curve principle lies in how to draw a new life curve, such as cultivating successors, succeeding varieties and succeeding commodities. For the old life curve, how to extend the peak period and build an ultra-stable structure through repair mechanism and transformation mechanism; This is obviously of great significance to the long-term stability of the country, the long-lasting foundation of the people and the long-lasting youth.