Childhood is the best period of wisdom development in one's life. The knowledge of different subjects plays an important role in promoting the development of children's wisdom. The inherent logic and abstraction of mathematics are of special value to the development of children's mathematical logic wisdom. Mathematics education in kindergarten is to use this special value of number to promote the development of children's logical thinking, and at the same time cultivate children's interest in mathematics learning, so as to make psychological preparations for future primary school mathematics education.
Characteristics of children's mathematical thinking
Mathematics is a subject that studies the spatial form and quantitative relationship of the real world. This discipline characteristic, which comes from life and guides life, makes us have to consider it from two aspects: on the one hand, children grow up with constant understanding of the world around them from birth. Then, imagine that if children don't have the concept of number and shape, they won't even know the simple problems of how many people there are in the family, how many hands there are, the ball they play with and the shape of the building blocks; If there is no concept of measurement, it will not distinguish the size, thickness, height and so on of objects; If there is no concept of spatial orientation, you can't tell up, down, left and right; Without a sense of time, you can't tell yesterday, today and tomorrow. Obviously, mathematics education is the need for children to know objective things. Children not only need to know the external characteristics, uses and relationships of things, but also often encounter problems of number and shape.
On the other hand, it is precisely because of the accuracy, abstraction and logic of mathematics that children can generally understand all kinds of things in life and their relationships, so that children can acquire a way of thinking and learn to solve practical problems by mathematical methods. Promote children's mathematics and intelligence to get better development and lay a good foundation for further study.
For example, children aged three or four can't write Arabic numerals, don't you understand? The meaning of+doesn't give the exact meaning of triangle and circle, and it can't accurately measure the weight and length of objects, but people are more and more aware that children can already count the number of objects in a short series in daily life, and can correctly identify geometric figures with the help of simple addition and subtraction operations of physical objects or physical objects, compare and measure objects with natural objects, and find out the rules of object placement. These facts make people realize that mathematical cognitive ability does not begin with the individual's understanding of abstract symbol system, but the ability based on the number, shape and space of specific physical representations is the initial expression of mathematical cognitive ability.
There are mainly the following kinds of games in children's mathematics activities.
(A) the plot of the math game. This kind of game reflects the mathematical knowledge and skills to be learned through the theme and plot of the game.
(2) Mathematical games. This kind of game is a kind of game that children play according to the rules of the game by operating toys or objects.
(3) Mathematical games using various senses. This kind of games mainly emphasize mathematics learning through different senses and develop children's perception of logarithm and shape.
(4) Oral math games. This is a game that is played only by oral language without visual AIDS. This kind of game plays an outstanding role in developing children's abstract ability of numbers and agility of thinking.
(5) Competitive math games. This kind of game is mainly to increase the competitive nature of mathematical games, thus enhancing the consolidation of mastering knowledge and developing the agility of thinking.
(6) Mathematical intelligence games. This is a game with the main task of developing intelligence and applying mathematical knowledge. Mathematical intelligence games have greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of children's thinking, cultivated the flexibility and agility of thinking, and comprehensively applied mathematical knowledge to solve problems.
When designing games, teachers should focus on the knowledge of numbers and shapes to develop children's thinking ability. The rules should not be too complicated, and the plot should be understood by children. Mathematics activities in small classes and middle classes should be carried out in the form of games, and the number of large classes can be reduced appropriately, which is conducive to cultivating children's study habits and attitude of earnestly completing learning tasks. When organizing or guiding games, teachers should fully mobilize children's learning enthusiasm, give full play to children's imagination, fully tap children's potential ability, and let children master knowledge and develop in relaxed and happy games.
On the Training of Children's Mathematical Thinking
1. The mall returned 28 TV sets, and sold some of them, leaving 15. How many sets have you sold?
2. Xiaohu learned to write brush strokes. I wrote six on the first day, and then I wrote three more every day than the day before. How much did he write in four days?
Xiaoyun is 8 years old. Grandma said: I was 62 when you 12 years old. ? How old is grandma this year?
4. What is the result of subtracting the minimum two digits from the minimum three digits and then subtracting the minimum one digit?
It takes five minutes for five children to eat five apples at once. At this rate, how many minutes will it take for 10 children to eat 10 apples at the same time?
6. Xiaohua has 10 red balloons, and Xiaohua has 8 yellow balloons. Xiaohua exchanged four red balloons for three yellow balloons for Xiaohua. How many balloons does Kobanawa Xiaohua have now?
7. There are 9 students in the art interest group of Xinxing Primary School, and there are as many students in the calligraphy interest group as in the art interest group. How many students are there in these two interest groups?
8. It is getting late. Mom asked Xiao Ming to turn on the light in the room, but the naughty Xiao Ming pulled the switch nine times in a row. Can you tell me whether the light is on or off at this time? What about 20? 100?
Xiaoqing has nine story books, Xiao Xin has seven comic books, and Xiaoqing traded three story books for two comic books of Xiao Xin. How many books do Xiaoqing and Xiao Xin have now?
10. Xiao Min went to the store to buy stationery. She bought 1 pencil with half of the money she brought, the remaining half bought 1 ballpoint pen, and the remaining 1 yuan. How much money does Xiao Min have?
1 1. Huanhuan and Lele went to buy exercise books. Huanhuan bought four and Lele bought six. Huanhuan spent 1 yuan less than Lele. How much is the exercise book?
12. Miss Li has 60 yuan money just to buy a football and two volleyballs. If you only buy two volleyballs, there will be 28 yuan left. How much is a football? How much is a volleyball?
13. A little black sheep is in the little white sheep team, the little black sheep is the seventh in front and the little black sheep is the fourth in the back. How many lambs are there in this team?
14. The students stand in a team and do exercises. Zhang Bing is the sixth in front, which one is behind?
15. Chickens line up, and there is a big cock among them. Counting from the front, it is the eighth. How many chickens are there in the back?
16. Xiaoming 10 years old, mother is 38 years old. How old was Xiao Ming 15' s mother?
17. Xiaoming and Xiaohong collect stamps. After Xiaoming gave Xiaohong six stamps, they both had the same number of stamps. How many more stamps does Xiaoming have than Xiaohong's?
18. Longlong buys a pineapple with 4 yuan money, and can buy 1 kg banana with the money to buy a pineapple. 1 kg of bananas can buy 4 pears. How much is each pear?
19. Qiang Qiang and Xiao Hua played table tennis for two hours. How many hours did you play each game?