Chapter 1 The Importance of Learning and Reading
1. Four learning methods: people (contacts), things (things), Internet (network) and books (books).
2. People, reading materials and output are the core and basic elements of reading.
3. The brain is divided into three levels:
The first layer is the primitive brain, also called reptile brain, which was developed in the era of reptiles;
The second layer is the mammalian brain that we slowly developed on the basis of reptile brain;
The third layer is the new cerebral cortex, also known as cortical brain, which has evolved for tens of thousands of years.
The tortoise is a reptile. What is the turtle's character? It is stable and inactive. Tigers are mammals. What are its characteristics? When threatened, they will growl, fight back and show their teeth. The third layer of the brain is our new cerebral cortex, which is responsible for our rational decision.
4. Pyramid of interests
Reading suggestions
Understand the brain's preferences: concise, structured, visual, and reward yourself.
The first suggestion: always pay attention to your brain. It is not to make the brain feel scared and nervous, but to make the brain feel that it is doing an interesting thing, to make the brain feel funny, to enhance the willingness to implement it, and to give the brain a hint of reward.
The second advice is to control your energy.
Are you a hummingbird, a nightingale or a bee? (I don't know much about the Constitution)
The third suggestion is to make good use of your attention.
Read with your questions and goals so that you can quickly find what you need from a book. When reading, use a pen with obvious color to make some marks, mark some keywords, or some important content.
The fourth suggestion is to improve your concentration.
In a given time, concentrate on only one thing with your heart and try your best to achieve the ultimate. (tomato bell, meditation, running)
The fifth suggestion is that when you want to remember something important, you should be familiar with it again and again.
The absorption rate of Harvard case teaching essence can reach up to 90%.
Note: The study of Maine National Training Laboratory in the United States confirms that the average efficiency of learners is completely different with different learning methods, which is the famous "learning pyramid".
Sharing is a repetitive learning process.
The best way to be familiar repeatedly may be sharing, and this kind of repeated sharing and repeated testing are all familiar processes of knowledge.
The sixth suggestion is that when you are stressed, start with simple content and increase the difficulty bit by bit, so that you can gradually enter the state of flow.
The seventh suggestion is to force yourself to form the habit of reading. When the habit is formed, reading is a breeze.
Chapter II Fragment Reading
The Core of Fragment Reading: Concept
Once you fully understand this concept, you can know the true meaning and secret of things, and it all depends on how you relate what you know to other things.
Li Xiaolai said that how to judge whether a person is smart depends first on whether he has a clear and accurate concept; The second is whether he knows enough about the relationship between these concepts; The third is to see if he has a systematic methodology; The fourth is to see if he has any successful experience.
With regard to these four points, the methodology and experience of Articles 3 and 4 are gradually formed after you have formed a conceptual connection, established some knowledge systems, a knowledge structure and some mature routines. Therefore, the two criteria for judging whether a person is smart are actually the first two-whether there are enough clear and accurate concepts and whether there is enough understanding of the relationship between these concepts.
Build your knowledge system
How to refine and construct the knowledge system? Excerpts from the article.
The method of fragmented reading can be summarized as three steps, namely refining, linking and merging.
Refining: it is to select the important, interesting and valuable parts for yourself and extract them.
Link: Contact your own experience. After refining the concepts and key points, the most important thing is to be related to yourself, add your own labels and explanations, and finally use them for us.
Fusion: Decompose and refine the content and create your own content. After fully mastering the core knowledge system, we can update our cases at any time. When we have enough concept libraries, we can combine them at will.
Fragment reading is actually a process of disassembling and refining the core content and knowledge system after finding the content, and then processing, combining and innovating, which becomes our own.
Chapter III Fast Reading
The essence of fast reading, or the purpose of improving reading speed, is to quickly let the "servant"-book tell us what it is, what value it has, and whether it is worth spending more time and energy on it.
Steps to read quickly
Formula: Because it's not that complicated.
These five words represent the five key steps of fast reading: asking questions, previewing, scanning, getting to the point and reviewing.
1. Ask questions
Before reading, ask yourself, why should I read this book? Have I read a similar book?
When asking questions, we prefer to ask open-ended questions, because when reading, we want to know not only what it is, but also why and how to do it.
preview
By reading the table of contents and preface, we can get a general understanding of the structure of a book, including why the author wrote this book, its scope, what is worth our reference and what can be skipped. ...
Remember to correct our questions about books after previewing.
scan
After the first two steps, we can probably determine whether a book is worth reading, or at least determine what content in a book is related to our own problems. This step needs to quickly turn over the whole book in 10 minutes, and at the same time mark the beginning or end of the paragraphs we focus on, charts, titles and some keywords.
Get to the point
A book does not have many core concepts. If a chapter tells a concept, about 33 concepts can be a book. When I talked about fragment reading earlier, I also talked about the importance of concepts and how concepts make up a book. If you want to finish reading a book quickly, it is actually to clarify the core concepts in this book, and then other cases and stories.
Tool: 1. Jiugongge notes
Jiugongge notes only need to write in nine keywords, and each keyword can be illustrated by copying sentences, fragments and examples.
2.RIA post-it notes reading method
The Jiugongge notes mentioned above are all excerpts from the key contents of the book, which are displayed with a picture; The rule of ria post-it notes reading is to present the fragments in the book with post-it notes. One is to focus on the part, and the other is to focus on the whole, but these two methods can complement each other. If you only pay attention to one point, use ria post-it notes, and if you want to read the core concepts of the whole book, use Jiugongge.
review
(1) What other questions need to be clarified?
(2) What other books need further study?
(3) How many times?
In the review stage, there are two areas in Jiugongge's notes that need to be filled in: one is "Aha" and the other is "todo".
Aha area is a place to record those who feel happy and happy when reading, and these places are exactly what our brains are interested in. After reading a book, I suddenly understand why I should do something, such as studying online and writing cards in the group. Reading will directly affect our behavior.
The Todo area is used to write down what you can do next. Since it is the next thing to do, the explanation is just some action goals, so it should not be vague, specific and clever.
Chapter IV Card Annotation Methods
1. Why should I take notes?
Remind yourself to pay attention
Understand key concepts
Application of key concepts
2. The essence of reading notes
In the process of obtaining a lot of information, extract the essence and understand these contents, and then these contents can be used more conveniently by us.
3. How to take reading notes
(1) label
Marking means that we should make some marks on the book. These marks are sticky notes, marked with highlighter, folded and so on.
Ria post-it notes reading method means that when reading some important paragraphs, we can not only write a sentence or two beside them with a pen, but also remind ourselves of what this paragraph said, what it reminds us of and how to use it in the future.
(2) Collection
Why do you want to do collection work? Because only by collecting these things can we manage them centrally. There is a saying in Histology that if you can't see it, you forget it, and if you can't see it, you don't need it.
Collect what? New evidence
Vivid evidence is some concepts that go against our common sense. These concepts are all high-order models, which are beyond our current cognition and will particularly arouse our curiosity and concern. These high-level models often bring high-level vivid evidence and expand your cognitive boundaries. Just like using a small experiment to prove to the ancients that the earth is round and the existence of gravity is the same.
When collecting, be clear about what is vivid evidence, what will make your eyes shine, and what will suddenly break your cognition, so that you can understand that "the world is like this" and "it can be understood like this".
How to collect it?
Cornell notes
Cornell notes divide a piece of paper into four areas. The first is that the title area is placed horizontally at the top to record the problem to be solved. The other three areas are: the current situation area, where the current situation is written down; Problem area, which lists the problems in the current situation; The strategy area aims at the present situation and problems and finds out the coping strategies in the book.
(3) Finishing
Reading cards
Turn the fragmented focus extracted from books into systematic knowledge content.
mind map
Show the core idea with a picture to help us understand and digest.
Presentation document
Ppt combines visual content, and at the same time, it can be integrated into text. The whole picture is very concise and easy to understand.
Establish a personal library
After collecting the reading cards and reading ppt as a note application, the next thing to do is to deal with these contents.
When sorting out our reading notes, we also need to sort out the collected contents in different categories like librarians.
When sorting out and building your own library, you must ask yourself, what areas are you paying attention to now? Whether we are concerned with personal management, writing, philosophy, science, etc. We can set up the corresponding catalogue according to our hobbies.
The real purpose of establishing a personal library is to record and search quickly, so that the contents we collected before appear clear. After establishing the directory structure of the system, we can quickly find anything we want.
(4) Output
Output shared class
Output reading notes
The output will be presented in different forms, such as sharing, writing articles, gathering and discussing, etc. These are all ways to improve knowledge and cognition.
Once you learn to make reading cards from books, you should insist on making reading cards every day.
(5) Application
If we want to translate our reading notes into our actions, we must apply them to our work and life.
Reading is not only about learning methods, concepts and models, but more importantly, understanding concepts and designing practical methods according to them.
When making reading notes, don't extract the things in the book, but turn the contents of the book into your own knowledge, so as to reflect the real value and function of reading notes. After understanding a concept in the book with reading notes, the next thing to do is to understand the relationship between concepts.
When we discuss the relationship between words and concepts, these contents become our knowledge system.
So, how are these concepts related? -It's a very interesting and interesting process to mix the eight graphics of mind map, which is something that many readers usually don't do. This is the difference between a master and a novice, not in kung fu, but in execution.
Chapter V Theme Reading
Three ways to read the theme-"bomb", "blasting bomb" and "nuclear bomb".
"Broken Bomb" is a fragmented theme reading, "Explosive Bomb" is a book-style theme reading, and "Nuclear Bomb" is an all-round theme reading on land, sea and air.
The way to read fragmented topics is to collect fragmented articles around a topic for a period of time, and then concentrate on reading.
"Blasting bomb" refers to the theme reading of books. When studying a topic, the above-mentioned fragment reading will lead us to find many concept cards, which are actually the source of reading one topic after another.
Subject reading
The first step is to establish perceptual cognition.
Perceptual cognition is general understanding. We can spend two hours doing extensive reading before we want to read a new field. Extensive reading is to know what a topic is, that is, to understand the basic concepts of a topic and establish basic cognition. After establishing the cognitive framework, it is easy to know that the content is roughly divided into several parts by looking at the topic.
The second step is to create a book list.
How to establish a book list can be achieved in the following ways:
① Read some book reviews through Douban reading. For example, if you want to know about time management, you can search for the related contents of time management in Douban books, and you can find many books about time management, and then choose according to the scores and comments. Generally speaking, the content of books with more than 8 points is basically not too bad;
② Baidu. For example, enter "time management" in Baidu, add a space and then enter "book list".
③ Many great gods have their own platforms, such as portals, official WeChat accounts and Weibo. They will often publish books on these platforms.
④ Internal links of books. Many authors will mention some other books in their articles.
The third step is scanning.
In the mode of subject reading, if there are too many books in a certain subject area to finish reading, you can use the method of scanning in fast reading to crack them.
The fourth step is to determine the framework.
Building a framework is to determine what you want to know most about a topic.
The more specific the topic, the easier it is to build a framework. Once the specific theme is determined, the next step is to determine the issues related to the theme. The figure below is a frame.