It refers to mathematical knowledge, thinking method and its application in human activities, as well as the sum of folk customs and beliefs related to mathematics.

It covers the ideas, spirits, methods, viewpoints and languages of mathematics, as well as their formation and development. It also includes mathematicians, mathematical history, mathematical beauty, mathematical education, humanistic components in mathematical development, the relationship between mathematics and society, the relationship between mathematics and various cultures and so on. Mathematical culture is characterized by logic, abstraction, unity, symbolism, model and systematicness. Logic is embodied in the internal relationship and logical order of mathematical knowledge; Abstraction is manifested in the use of mathematical concepts and symbols; Unity is embodied in the mutual connection and dependence of various branches of mathematics; Symbolization is a unique language form of mathematics; Modeling shows the ability to describe phenomena and solve practical problems mathematically; Systematization embodies the organization and integrity of mathematical knowledge structure.