1. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division: this is the most basic mathematical operation, which is used to calculate the increase, decrease, multiple and fraction of a quantity.
2. Percentage: indicates the ratio of one number to another, usually expressed as a percentage.
3. Proportion: indicates the relative size relationship between two numbers, and is often used to compare the similarity of different things.
4. Average value: the sum of a set of data divided by the number of data, and the result is called average value, which is used to describe the concentration trend of data.
5. Probability: indicates the possibility of an event, usually expressed by a number between 0 and 1.
6. Geometry: including points, lines, surfaces and other basic elements, used to describe and analyze the shape and structure of space.
7. Area and volume: used to calculate the size of plane and solid objects, usually expressed in square units and cubic units.
8. Algebraic equation: an equation containing unknowns, the value of which can be obtained by solving the equation.
9. Function: the mapping relationship between input values and output values, which is often used to describe the relationship between variables.
10. Statistics: Through the collection, collation and analysis of data, the characteristics and laws of data are revealed.
These mathematical principles or concepts are widely used in daily life, such as calculating price, calculating distance and time, making budget and analyzing statistical data. The application of mathematics not only helps us solve practical problems, but also cultivates our logical thinking and problem-solving ability.