Possible relative atomic mass: h:1c:12n:14o:16na: 23cl: 35.5s: 32mn: 55zn: 65.

The first part (multiple choice questions ***50 points)

A, multiple-choice questions (*** 10 questions, 20 points. Of the four options given in each small question, only 1 meets the requirements of the topic)

Caffeic acid is a substance with hemostatic, antitussive and expectorant effects, and its structure is shown in the figure. Judging from this, caffeic acid belongs to ()

A. Organic matter B. Inorganic matter C. Oxide D. Hydrocarbon

2. Prepare 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid solution 1 L, and the volume of 2 mol/L sulfuric acid solution is ().

A.0. 1 l B.0.5 l C. 1 l D.2 L.

3. The following changes, do not belong to the chemical change is ()

A.SO2 discolors magenta solution B. Chlorine water discolors colored cloth strips.

C. Activated carbon will make red ink fade, and ozone will make some dyes fade.

It is reported that some building materials will produce radioactive isotope radon, which is harmful to human body. The proton number of the isotope atom is () a.136b.50c.86d.222.

5. The substance corresponding to the following chemical formula does not belong to the valence compound ().

A.H2O, potassium hydrobromide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid

6. Warning signs should be printed on the packaging labels of dangerous chemicals. The symbol of sodium hydroxide should be ()

7. Among the following instruments, the one that can't be heated directly on the alcohol lamp is () A. Test tube B. Burning spoon C. beaker D. Evaporating dish.

8. The following statement is correct: (1)a. 1.8mol of water is 1.8g b. H2O is 18 g mol- 1.

The molar mass of C.C.H2O is18g D. H2 and Cl2 with the same mass contain the same number of molecules.

9. In chemical properties, the 1 of the following four compounds is obviously different from the other three. This substance is ().

A. Cao Cao

10. The following chemical terms are written correctly ()

A. structural schematic diagram of chlorine atom: b. electronic type of ammonia: c. structural abbreviation of ethylene: C2H4.

D the ionization equation of sulfuric acid: H2SO4 = = = 2 h++SO.

Second, multiple-choice questions (*** 10 small questions, 30 points. Of the four options given in each small question, only 1 meets the requirements of the topic)

1 1. The following substances that do not generate hydrogen when sodium metal is added are (a. ethanol b. acetic acid c. water d. benzene.

12. The following experimental operations or methods can't achieve the experimental purpose ()

Experimental purpose

Experimental operation or method

A

Separation of benzene from water

liquor separation

B

Extract fresh water from seawater

distil

C

Extracting iodine from iodine water

Extract with alcohol

D

Separating potassium nitrate from sand

Dissolve and filter

13. The following statements about liquid chlorine and chlorine water are correct: (a) Liquid chlorine is pure, and chlorine water is a mixture. B. Both liquid chlorine and chlorine water are acidic. C. Liquid chlorine has a stronger bleaching effect than chlorine water. D. Liquid chlorine is colorless, and chlorine water is yellow-green.

14. When the following substances are exposed to the air, their quality will decrease ()

A.NaOH B.Na2O2 C. Anhydrous CaCl2 D. Na2CO3 10H2O

15. 14C is a radioactive isotope, which can be converted into 14N by neutron bombardment of cosmic rays or nuclear explosion in the upper atmosphere. The following statement is true ()

A. 14C and 14N are isotopes of each other. B. 14C and C60 are allotropes.

The neutron number of C.C nuclide is 8 d, and the molar mass of 14CO2 is 46.

16. The following ionic equation is written correctly ().

A. CO2 is prepared from marble and dilute hydrochloric acid in the laboratory: 2h++CO = = CO2? +H2O

B Reaction of iron with dilute nitric acid: Fe+2h+= = H2? +Fe2+

C, adding excessive NaOH solution into AlCl3 solution: Al3++3OH-= = = Al (OH) 3?

D, testing ammonium ions in ammonium chloride solution with sodium hydroxide: NH+OH-NH3? +H2O

17. Connect the zinc sheet and copper sheet with wires and put them into dilute sulfuric acid solution to produce electrochemical reaction. The following statement is correct ().

A. the SO concentration near the anode gradually increases. Oxygen escapes from the anode.

C. electrons flow from copper to zinc through wires. H2 fled the copper mine.

18. The following reactions are not substitution reactions ()

A.C2H4+3O22CO2+2H2O

B.CH4+cl 2ch2 cl+HCl

c.

D.ch 3c ooh+ch 3c H2 oh ch 3 cooch 2ch 3+H2O

19. In a chemical reaction, the concentration of reactant X changes from 2.0 mol/L to 0.5 mol/L in 5 s, and the chemical reaction rate of X is () A.0.3 b.0.3 mol/(L S) C.0.4 mol/(L S) D.0.04 in these 5 s.

20. The inspection and conclusion of some ions must be correct ().

A, adding dilute hydrochloric acid to generate colorless gas, and introducing the gas into clarified limewater to make the solution turbid, in which there must be CO..

B. White precipitate is produced when barium chloride solution is added, and then hydrochloric acid is added, but the precipitate does not disappear, and there must be.

C, adding sodium hydroxide solution and heating, the generated gas can turn the wet red litmus paper blue, and there must be NH.

D, adding sodium carbonate solution to produce white precipitate. When the white precipitate of hydrochloric acid disappears, there must be Ba2++.

The second part (50 points for non-multiple choice questions * *)

3. Required questions (***5 small questions, 30 points)

2 1.(6 points) X, Y and Z are short-period elements with the same period whose atomic number increases in turn. It is known that the outermost layers of X, Y and Z atoms have 1 1 electrons, and the hydrates of the highest valence oxides of these three elements can react with each other to form salt and water. Please answer:

The name of the (1)Z element is.

(2) The position of Y element in the periodic table is.

(3) There are two kinds of compounds formed by X element and oxygen element, and their chemical formulas are respectively.

(4) The ionic equation of the reaction between hydrates corresponding to the highest valence oxides of Y and Z is.

22.(7 points) It is known that A and B are simple substances, and C is light yellow solid; A, b, c, d, e and f have the transformation relationship as shown in the figure.

(1) Write the molecular formulas of A, B and E: A, B and E.

(2) Complete the following chemical reaction equation: ① C+H2O:

② d+e (small amount):.

23.(7 points) In order to explore the bleachability of HClO, a classmate designed an experiment, as shown in the figure below:

(1) After introducing Cl2, we can draw a conclusion from the phenomenon of dry red cloth in cylinder A:

(2) From the phenomenon of wet red stripes in gas container B, the chemical equation of the reaction can be obtained as follows.

(3) What experiments do you think should be added to prove that HClO is responsible for bleaching?

(4) The chemical equation of the reaction in the beaker is.

24.(5 points) CH4 is the main component of natural gas and biogas, which provides 20% of the world's energy demand at present.

(1) Write the structural formula of CH4.

(2) Write the chemical equation of CH4 combustion.

(3) CH4 is also used in the fuel cell, and the electrolyte solution of the cell is a strong alkali solution. The following statement about CH4 fuel cell is correct.

A. anodic reaction: O2+2h2o+4e-= = 4oh-

B. Negative reaction: CH4+ 10OH-8e-= = Co+7H2O.

C. After working for a period of time, the amount of KOH in the electrolyte remains unchanged.

D. During the discharging process, the OH- ions in the solution move to the negative electrode.

25.(5 points) Under heating conditions, MnO2 _ 2 _ 2 reacts with enough concentrated hydrochloric acid to generate 0.56 L chlorine gas (under standard conditions). Calculation:

(1) The mass of manganese dioxide consumed in the reaction.

(2) The amount of substances that transfer electrons in the reaction.

Fourth, choose the answer (***3 small questions, 20 points. The questions are divided into three questions: A, B and C. Candidates can only choose one question. Candidates who choose chemistry and life answer question A, answer question B on the principle of chemical reaction, and answer question C on the basis of organic chemistry. If you choose to answer questions from multiple modules, you will only be graded according to the score of the previous module, but not across modules).

Chemistry and life

26.(6 points) Sugar is the product of photosynthesis of green plants, all of which are composed of (fill in element symbols). Among them, the molecular formula of glucose is that it can produce silver mirror reaction, which means (fill in "oxidation" or "reduction"). Starch is a kind of natural macromolecular sugar, the molecular formula is, which is hydrolyzed in human body, and the disaccharide is (insert name). In the laboratory, it is usually used to add (fill in the chemical formula) and observe whether the solution turns blue to identify whether the starch is completely hydrolyzed.

27.(7 points) Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, has important functions in the human body. It is known that its structure is simple as follows:

Please answer:

The molecular formula of (1) vitamin c is. If (fill in the name of fruit or vegetable) is chopped and mashed, and water is added to extract the filtrate, the purpose of fully extracting vitamin C from fruit can be achieved, which also shows that vitamin C (fill in "can" or "can't") is soluble in water.

(2) A classmate explores the nature of vitamin C in the laboratory. Take a small amount of starch solution in the test tube, drop a few drops of dilute iodine water, and observe that the solution turns into color. Then drop a drop of vitamin C solution into the test tube and find that the color of the original solution gradually becomes lighter. This experiment shows that vitamin C is sexual.

(3) Students continue to explore the nature of vitamin C in (2), and the optional reagent is (fill in the serial number).

① Potassium iodide solution ② Acidic potassium permanganate solution

28.(7 points) Improving air quality and reducing environmental pollution are important principles for the future development of China.

(1) Adding limestone to coal is a common means to reduce SO2 emission in factories. SO2 produced by coal combustion reacts with limestone and O2, and the chemical equation of the reaction is as follows.

(2) With the increasing number of cars in China, the problem of automobile exhaust pollution is becoming more and more serious, and installing catalytic converter on automobile exhaust pipe is one of the control methods. It can make carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in automobile exhaust react to generate non-toxic gas. The chemical equation of this reaction is. This kind of car with converter must use unleaded gasoline, because lead-containing compounds will make the catalyst ineffective.

(3) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) will cause the formation of the atmosphere, and excessive CO2 emissions will have an impact.

Principle of chemical reaction

26.(5 points) After the reversible reactions of Co (g)+NO2 (g) and CO2 (g)+NO (g) in the closed container reach equilibrium,

(1) When the pressure increases, the chemical reaction rate (fill in "increase" or "decrease") and chemical equilibrium (fill in "positive reaction direction", "reverse reaction direction" or "none") move.

(2) The volume of the container is unchanged, and the color of the gas is obviously deepened after the temperature rises. Then the positive direction of reversible reaction is (fill in "endothermic" or "exothermic") reaction.

(3) The chemical equilibrium constant of this reaction is expressed as k =.

27.(6 points) Please answer the following questions according to the requirements of the topic.

(1) Sodium chloride, sodium acetate and ammonium chloride are three kinds of salts. What is acidic and what is alkaline in the solution of three salts at room temperature.

(2) At room temperature, if the solution is made of dilute hydrochloric acid and ammonia water with equal volume, and the pH=7 is 7, before mixing, the relationship between C (HCl) C(NH3 H2O) and C (NH-) in the mixed solution is C (NH) C (Cl-).

(3) At a certain temperature, C (H+) of pure water =1.0×10-6 mol L-1,then this temperature (fill in "higher" or "lower") is normal temperature, and C (OH-) in the solution is mol L.

28.(9 points) There are two kinds of colorless neutral liquids in the glass jar. Two graphite electrodes are inserted into the upper liquid, and a glass stirring rod with a circular lower end is placed in the cylinder, which can stir the liquid up and down. The equipment is shown on the right. When the power supply is turned on, the liquid around the anode turns brown, and the color changes from shallow to deep, resulting in bubbles on the cathode. Stop the power supply, take out the electrode, and stir it violently up and down with a stirring rod. After standing, the liquid is divided into two layers, the lower liquid is purple and the upper liquid is almost colorless. Answer according to the above experiment:

The reaction equation of (1) anode electrode is.

(2) The reaction formula of the electrode on the cathode is.

(3) The original upper liquid is.

(4) The original lower liquid is.

(5) The reason why the color of the two layers of liquid changes after being stirred is.

(6) Test the metal ions contained in the upper liquid as follows. The phenomenon is.

Fundamentals of organic chemistry

26.(4 points) The following five kinds of organic matter exist:

(1) Among them, CNH2N+2 conforms to the general formula (fill in the serial number, the same below), and it is the isomer with ① and the homologue with ③.

(2) Name ⑤ with systematic nomenclature, and its name is.

27.(8 points) The structural formula of organic matter is as follows:

Please guess its chemical properties and fill in the blanks: (1) The name of the functional group contained in this organic matter is.

(2) Organic matter (fill in "can" or "can't") discolors the acidic potassium permanganate solution.

(3) The impossible reaction of organic matter is (fill in letters).

A. silver mirror reaction B. esterification reaction C. reduction reaction D. oxidation reaction

(4) At most, this organic substance can react with molar H2.

28.(8 points) Four substances A, B, C and D are hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives. It is known that ①A is oxidized to get B, and B is oxidized to get C; When A and C are heated in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, water and aromatic liquid can be generated. ② The mixture of A and concentrated sulfuric acid is heated to 170℃ to generate gas D, which can be used as a plant growth regulator. (3) 65438±0mol of A, B, C and D were burned in sufficient oxygen, and 44.8 L (standard state) CO2 was obtained.

The structural formulas of (1)B and c are b and c.

(2)A and C are heated in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, and the chemical reaction equation is.

(3) The reaction type from A to D is.