Keywords: Grasp the five characteristics of the first five minutes of Chinese class in primary schools
order
In traditional Chinese teaching, teachers ask questions and check the preview content before class, in order to lay the foundation for a good Chinese class. This has almost become a stylized practice. Students are also used to it, not paying much attention to it, not interested, and the effect is not great. Driven by the tide of curriculum reform, I try to explore the practice of "five minutes before class", that is, make full use of the five minutes before class and organize various forms of Chinese practice activities around the content related to Chinese class. This kind of active participation and enthusiastic practice is not only beneficial to the overall improvement of students' Chinese literacy, but also lays a solid foundation for students to build new knowledge in the classroom. Therefore, we believe that in Chinese teaching, grasping the five principles of five activities before class will play a positive role in improving the quality of Chinese teaching and students' Chinese literacy.
main body
Carrying out five-minute activities before class can draw students' attention back to the classroom in a very short time and enter the learning state as soon as possible; It can change the dullness and rigidity of traditional teaching, stimulate enthusiasm, increase knowledge, broaden horizons and cultivate sentiment. It is much more effective than the teacher's unchangeable "Let's learn a new text together today, please open the textbook on page X …". So, how can we develop this activity well? I think the following "five natures" should be highlighted.
First, step by step, highlighting the diversity of content forms
Rich content and diverse forms can not only stimulate and maintain students' enthusiasm for participation, but also be an important way to broaden students' knowledge accumulation and an effective means to encourage students' creativity and imagination. If the content of pre-class activities is monotonous and the form is single, students will soon lose interest in participating, and the effect of the activities will be greatly reduced.
As the saying goes, interest is the best teacher. Only by effectively stimulating students' interest can we achieve the expected results. Therefore, the content of the first five minutes of the class I initially determined was random. For example, telling humorous jokes, solve riddles on the lanterns, reciting poems, telling news, telling people and things around you and so on. Its purpose is to attract students' attention and make them love the small stage five minutes before class. Let go slowly and let the students be the masters of the first three minutes of class. First of all, I guide students to choose a news, a joke, a riddle and a good sentence to enjoy according to their own hobbies ... What they hear, see, think and experience can be the content of the first five minutes of class. There are also various forms of display. According to the content you choose, it can be expressed in many forms, such as textbook drama, singing, storytelling, cross talk, speech and so on. This gives students more space, and their interest is naturally high. In order to further improve my oral expression ability, I also put forward the requirement of five minutes before class. From the unnatural expression when I first came to power, the hesitation of language and the low voice like a mosquito, to the basic requirements of generous attitude, correct posture, visible audience, loud voice and cadence. In this way, we have strengthened our self-confidence, broadened our horizons, cultivated our sentiments, and formed a good habit of collecting extracurricular materials.
Second, everyone participates, highlighting the comprehensiveness of participation.
Chinese teaching should be geared to all students. Three minutes before class is not a stage for excellent students, but for all students to improve their language organization and expression ability. In order to give every student a chance to exercise, I ask students to turn down the volume in the order of their seats. Every day, two students come to the stage to broadcast. If time permits, other students are free to supplement the broadcast. In short, the students who broadcast should be carefully prepared, dignified, accurate in pronunciation, clear in speech and full of emotion, and show their eloquence and courage to the fullest. At the same time, through the live broadcast, the small anchor should quickly shift the attention and excitement of the whole class to the first three minutes of this class, so that the whole class can travel around the world, see the world, open their eyes and learn more in just five minutes. Of course, for those students who fail to broadcast, they will broadcast again the next day until they are qualified. This requirement not only allows every student to participate, but also is a "hard" exercise for some lazy, lucky, fish in troubled waters and unconfident students, which "forces" them to stand bravely on this podium.
Third, for individuals, highlight the differences between students.
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "Chinese curriculum must pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs according to their physical and mental development and the characteristics of Chinese learning. "Three minutes before class is in a fruitful open space, so that most students' oral expression ability can be fully demonstrated, showing the charm of language and culture. Every class has underachievers, and these underachievers are often ignored by teachers. I remember there was such a little girl among the students. She is timid in class. I've never seen her talk. Five minutes before class, when she first stood on the podium, she was afraid to say a word. No matter how encouraged by the teachers and classmates, she just kept silent and stood for five minutes. She may hate this moment. If I severely criticize her at this time, I think she will never have the courage to stand on the podium again. It may be a kind of destruction for her, and it won't work five minutes before class. In order to encourage the child and cultivate her self-confidence, I said to the whole class, "Look, I'm a little nervous, but it's also an improvement that she can stand here bravely today! Let's give her encouraging applause and look forward to her next progress! " As soon as the voice fell, the students responded with warm applause. When it was her turn to speak for the second time, she prepared a news item, but didn't read it. I still encouraged her: "I have made great progress and have dared to speak on the podium!" " "The third time, she didn't leave a manuscript. Although she stumbled, she finished the news, and I encouraged her. By the end of the semester, she had been able to make a simple speech without writing. I think, if there is no podium five minutes before class, if her first speech is stifled, then the child will be buried in shyness and timidity forever. A successful broadcast has cultivated a student's self-confidence and eliminated other timid students' fear of bold communication. They silently look forward to the next five minutes before class. Let "self-confidence" ripple among all the students, stimulate their desire to compete for "grades", and everyone will strive to be the master of the classroom.
Fourth, auxiliary teaching, highlighting the purpose of content.
How to serve my class for five minutes before class? I carefully design the content according to the characteristics of Chinese textbooks and carry out classroom teaching in different forms. For example, when I was in class, I passed a math problem, which laid the foundation for learning the text.
Teaching Fragments —— The Poor, Volume XII of People's Education Edition
Teacher: Before class, the teacher asked a question to test everyone. Who dares to raise their hands?
Teacher: If you raise your hand first, please! Look at the big screen 5+2=?
Teacher: How brave of you to raise your hand without knowing the topic?
Teacher: Give him applause! This applause is a little bit for you to solve this problem, but what do you mean by more applause? For your confidence and courage just now. Today, the teacher gave you this question just to give the students a sentence. There will be many opportunities in a person's life, some people will seize them tightly, and some people will pass by. Why is this? Remember, opportunities often belong to those who are brave, confident and prepared.
Teacher: OK! Just now we said, (5+2=7). This is a math problem. There are mathematical algorithms in mathematics, but we in China have a way to understand Chinese. What's five plus two? Then we will seek the answer to this question by studying the texts of the poor today.
In the first five minutes of this class, by carefully designing the content, setting suspense and introducing dialogue, the students' interest in learning was stimulated, and their self-confidence was established, which paved the way for the later study, which achieved twice the result with half the effort. According to the characteristics of the teaching material unit, organize one of the two students to give a speech on the content related to the unit theme every day. This practice not only improves their oral expression ability and broadens their thinking, but also makes students' attention quickly shift to my class, which makes the class more efficient with half the effort.
Fifth, learn to listen and highlight interactive evaluation.
In the Chinese curriculum standard, the requirement of oral communication for senior primary school students is "to respect and understand each other when communicating with others." "Listen to others carefully and patiently, be able to grasp the main points and report briefly." From five minutes before class, I told my classmates that if you want to gain respect from others, you must first learn to respect others. Five minutes before class is the stage of acquiring knowledge. Only by listening carefully can you keep your knowledge for yourself. At the same time, I pay more attention to their evaluation ability. First of all, I evaluate myself and give students a hint on how to evaluate; Then, I guide the students to make a simple evaluation, starting with the content, tone and speed of speech, and then slowly make a comprehensive evaluation of the content and the whole process of the speech; Thirdly, I threw the evaluation hydrangea to the whole class for everyone to participate in the evaluation. I will especially praise those students who dare to participate in the evaluation, are willing to evaluate and express their opinions. But the evaluation can't just be empty talk, and can't just say "Great!" "It's wonderful!" What to say, the suggestions given should be helpful to the students who are speaking. This requires students to listen attentively and use their brains; Finally, students are guided to evaluate at different levels, and students with different abilities should have different evaluations. Comenius, a great educator in the world, taught us in On Great Teaching: "To seek and find a teaching method so that teachers can teach less and students can learn more." In my opinion, making full use of the first five minutes of Chinese class is only one of the effective ways to reduce the burden on teachers and improve students' learning efficiency.
conclusion
A beautiful music is always accompanied by a beautiful and moving prelude. Five minutes before Chinese class, full development and utilization, ingenious creativity and effective training are like playing the overture of the theme song of Chinese classroom teaching. It is an effective way of learning, and it is a stage integrating knowledge, interest, expression, vision, thinking, innovation, understanding, memory, communication and cooperation. "Small stage, big energy!" Teaching practice also proves that as long as we skillfully use and grasp the "five characteristics" of activities, we will effectively improve students' oral expression ability, stimulate and cultivate students' interest in learning Chinese, and create a good classroom environment and atmosphere, thus making Chinese teaching more abundant, wonderful and vivid.