I progress in mathematics and science and technology
The great changes brought about by scientific and technological progress in the twentieth century to human production and life are really amazing. People's dreams of "clairvoyance", "clairvoyance", "flying into the sky" and "flying into space" have all come true in this century. Looking back on the great progress of science and technology in the twentieth century, the following items have the greatest influence, and the foresight and promotion of mathematics is very crucial.
(1) After Maxwell's equation, people demonstrated electromagnetic waves by mathematical methods, and then Hertz can be used to verify the emission of electromagnetic waves, so the development of acousto-optic information transmission technology of electromagnetic waves appeared.
(2) The mass-energy formula of Einstein's theory of relativity demonstrated the huge energy released by atomic reaction mathematically for the first time, and predicted the coming of atomic energy era. Then people realized this prediction technically. Today, atomic energy has become the main component of electric energy in developed countries.
(3) Newton predicted the possibility of launching artificial celestial bodies through mathematical calculation, and it took people nearly three centuries to realize this prediction.
(4) The birth and development of electronic digital computer is entirely under the guidance of mathematical theory. The research of mathematicians Turing and von Neumann has played a key role in promoting this major scientific and technological progress.
(5) Although heredity and variation have long been noticed. New animal and plant varieties have also been cultivated in production and life. However, for a long time, the genetic mechanism has not been reasonably explained. In 1960s, Mendel explained the genetic statistical data obtained from his eight-year experimental observation with combinatorial mathematical model, thus foreseeing the existence of genetic genes. Many years later, people discovered the actual carriers of genetic genes. In 1950s, Watson and Kerry discovered the double helix structure of DNA molecules. Since then, mathematics has entered the research of decoding genetic code more deeply.
Mathematics is an important way of rational thinking of human beings, and mathematical models, mathematical research and mathematical reasoning can often be predicted before concrete experience. This kind of foresight is not out of fantasy, but out of the understanding of the natural laws and inevitability expressed in mathematical ways. With the development of science and technology, the accuracy and testability of mathematics and foresight are increasingly showing its great significance.
Second, the trend of the times.
We are facing an era of rapid development of science and technology. Digitalization and mathematical processing of information has become the core technology of almost all high-tech projects. Engaged in design and planning, to experimental exploration and continuous improvement, to command and control and specific operation, rely on mathematical technology everywhere. Countless news reports reflect the surging tide of this era. The following are just some of them.
(1) Mathematical technology has become an important key technology in the development and design of new industrial products. 1On April 9, 1994, the Boeing 777, known as "100% digital confirmation", held a grand factory ceremony. In the past, in order to design a new type of aircraft, it was necessary to repeatedly carry out strength tests and aerodynamic tests on model components and prototypes. : test. If there are any problems, you must change the design and try again. The development cycle of new models is more than ten years, which consumes a lot of raw materials and energy. After using mathematical technology, all experiments can be carried out in the computer through accurately set mathematical models, and exploration and modification can be realized through mathematical instructions. The research and development cycle of new models has been shortened from more than ten years to three and a half years, which greatly saves raw materials and energy.
(2) Many countries realize that developing HDTV is one of the main battlefields of economic and technological competition in the future. Both Japan and the United States have invested a lot of money and manpower in related research. Japan started the first time, but the research is simulated; Although the United States started a little late, the research is digital. After years of struggle, digital research has won a key victory with its high superiority. People's Daily reported on February 24th 1994: The Japanese government officially announced that it would turn to the research of digital HDTV, acknowledging that digital TV has been recognized by most countries in the world because of its superiority, and it is likely to become an international standard in the future.
It should be pointed out that TV screen is not only indispensable in modern people's daily life, but also may become the working surface of information transmission and processing through networking. Almost all important work will be related to it. In the fierce competition of such an important project, mathematical technology has played a decisive role.
(3) 199 = The Gulf War is a modern high-tech war, and its core technology is actually mathematical technology. This fact has aroused great surprise. The United States summed up the experience of the Gulf War and came to the conclusion that "the future battlefield is a digital war".
Interference and distortion are a big problem in electromagnetic wave communication. As early as the early stage of space development competition in the 1960s, the United States implemented it. When Apollo landed on the moon, he realized that no matter how sophisticated the electronic hardware equipment was, it could not receive any useful information, let alone control it. After adopting a set of mathematical communication technology and mathematical control technology such as information digitization, error correction coding and digital filtering, the plan to send a man to the moon was successfully completed. In the Gulf War 20 years later, multinational forces used this technology to interfere with each other, both deaf and blind. Using accurate mathematical technology, we can accurately intercept the missiles launched by the other side in just a few tens of seconds, and we can also guide the other side to launch missiles and accurately hit the other side's target. It is this mathematical technology of information digitization that has won an overwhelming victory in the competition of developing HDTV. Develop a mathematical technique that can be used in. The effectiveness of these many aspects shows the wide applicability of mathematics.
(4) 1995 65438+ 10. In October, after the Fanshen earthquake, the United States used a mathematical model to predict the earthquake that might occur in Southern California at the end of this century.
(5)1In March, 995, china national radio announced the opening of digital broadcasting mode, pointing out that the previous analog broadcasting mode was not effective and adopted a new broadcasting mode.
(6)1In June, 1995, the European Union held a meeting to discuss the unified standard of digital communication in the future.
(7)1996 In February, the Ministry of Electronic Industry of China announced the development focus of the Ninth Five-Year Plan: digital information technology. Two key research projects are: digital HDTV receiver prototype and digital laser disc.
(8)1In April, 1996, China State Science and Technology Commission issued a tender announcement, officially announcing the development project of digital HDTV.
Third, contemporary and future development depends on mathematics.
Just take a few things as examples, we can clearly see the important role of mathematics in the production and life of contemporary people. Contemporary production and life are inseparable from oil, and oil exploration and production need to understand the stratigraphic structure. Over the years, a set of mathematical models and programs have been developed. People emit seismic waves and then collect information reflected from all levels. Through mathematical processing, the images of strata sections and the whole picture of strata structure can be displayed. This is a mathematical technique widely used in petroleum exploration and production at present. Coincidentally, there are similar situations involving people's lives. Doctors need to know the situation and changes inside the patient's body and organs. In the past, dimming films overlapped bones and various organs, which was often difficult to identify. Now they also have a mathematical plan. With the help of precision equipment, the information power brought by radiation penetrating human body or nuclear magnetic vibration is collected. With mathematical processing, various facets of human body can be clearly displayed, and you need to know which facet can bring up the picture, which is related to people's production and life.
Mathematics also plays a very important role in the critical moment of survival and development, especially in the critical moment of human destiny. In the last decade of this century, the National Research Council of the United States published two important reports, "Everyone cares about the future of mathematics education" and "The Plan to Revitalize American Mathematics in the 1990s". Both reports mentioned that in the past half century, the application of mathematics in three periods received special attention, which promoted the explosive development of mathematics. "The Second World War promoted the development of many new and powerful mathematical methods ..." Stimulated by the launch of Soviet satellites, the American government increased investment to promote the development of mathematical research and education ",and" the use of computers expanded the demand for mathematics ". At the critical moment of the Pacific battlefield in World War II, the US Navy used mathematical methods to decipher the Japanese code, which enabled it to win the battle of midway and annihilate the main force of the Japanese joint fleet. In World War II, which is related to the fate of mankind, the United States is almost the logistics supply base of the entire anti-fascist front. In the counter-offensive stage, to organize large-scale operations across two oceans, material scheduling and logistics support have become very critical issues, which has stimulated the rapid development of related mathematical methods. The practical mathematical technology of linear programming developed in this period quickly spread to all aspects after the war and brought hundreds of billions of great benefits to mankind. By 1957, the Soviet Union sent the first artificial satellite into space, which shocked the American ruling and opposition parties. Aware of the gap in the application of mathematics, the American government increased its investment and promoted the rapid development of mathematics research and education. With the development of computer, there is an unprecedented demand for mathematics, which stimulates mathematics to enter the third great development period.
There have been many convincing examples that mathematics plays a very important role in daily production and life, or at the critical moment of survival and development. Before the arrival of the new century, the development of science, technology and production put forward an unprecedented demand for mathematics. We must seize the opportunity, increase investment, strengthen mathematics research and education, and improve the mathematics quality of the whole nation, so as to better meet the future challenges.