In the dead of night, I held the book "It's not difficult to teach primary school mathematics well" written by Mr. Qian Shouwang, and looked back at the educational and teaching psychological terms such as "the nearest development zone, cognitive structure, assimilation and adaptation". In those days, I was deeply immersed in the satisfaction of education and teaching theory in the library, and I was very happy. Fortunately, I still have an impression of these contents; Fortunately, the original knowledge structure can help you understand everyone's works and articles well. Happily, I can learn a lot from Mr. Qian's article. Primary education is children's education, so primary education should pursue children's spirit. Only by fully understanding students can the requirement of "cultivating students' innovative consciousness and practical ability" be implemented. To understand students, we must first understand the basic cognitive methods of primary school students. The process of pupils' mathematical cognition is mainly composed of adaptation and assimilation, which are the basic ways of pupils' cognition. In primary school mathematics learning, assimilation and adaptation complement each other. Understanding students, followed by understanding students' cognitive starting point and life experience. Ausubol once said, "If I had to boil all educational psychology down to one principle, I would say that the only and most important factor that affects learning is what students already know. "To understand students, the most important thing is to give full play to their main role. According to modern teaching theory, students' mathematics learning process is a process of active construction on the basis of students' existing knowledge and experience. Only when students actively participate in learning can teaching be effective. To understand students, we should give full play to their main role and give them enough time and space to experience activities such as observation, experiment, guess, calculation, reasoning and verification. To implement students' dominant position, we can start from the following aspects: 1. Actively change roles and build a stage for students' autonomous learning. 2. Pay attention to students' learning process and let them experience mathematics. 3. Meet students' needs and publicize their individuality. 4. Pay attention to students' mathematical emotion and emotional experience. 5. Pay attention to students' reflection on the learning process. Finally, I want to express my true feelings about how to read students with a passage given by Wu Zhengxian, a national special teacher: nothing is more important than protecting students' self-esteem and self-confidence in the process of educating people; In the process of learning, nothing is more important than stimulating interest in learning and protecting curiosity; In the process of communication, nothing is more important than respecting individuality and sincere communication; Nothing is more important than developing good study habits when you grow up.