Jiangsu Jiang Yuping

Counting memory method is a method of memorizing historical knowledge by memorizing numbers and using association. The so-called numbers here are not numbers in books, but numbers found after learning and induction. They are highly versatile, and if used properly, they can greatly reduce the difficulty of memory.

The contents of the Reform Movement of 1898 can be remembered as follows: politics, economy, culture, education and military affairs.

Fifteen points: There are three, four, five and three main points in four aspects.

The economic content can be remembered as follows:

"Three Bureaus": Shi Jing established the Railway Mining Bureau and the General Administration of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, and set up a post office.

"Two calculations": financial reform and preparation of national budget final accounts.

"First Prize": Invention Award.

Example 2 The contents of the old democratic revolution period can be recalled as follows:

Five major imperialist wars of aggression against China: the Opium War, the Second Opium War, the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese War and Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China.

Four People's Revolutionary Movements: Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, Reform and Reform Movement, Boxer Movement and Xinhai Revolution.

The social nature of China has undergone three major changes: the Opium War, which started as a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society; Treaty of shimonoseki, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society has greatly deepened; The humiliating treaty, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society was fully formed.

The birth of two classes: proletariat and national bourgeoisie.

The fate of a China: the fate of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society cannot be changed.

This "five, four, three, two, one" basically summarizes the main contents of the old democratic revolution period.

Example 3 Early Anti-Japanese Situation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression:

Two different parties: the Kuomintang and the * * * production party.

Two different battlefields: the frontal battlefield of the Kuomintang and the enemy's rear battlefield of the * * * production party.

Two different routes: the Kuomintang's one-sided anti-Japanese war route and the * * * producer's all-round anti-Japanese war route.

Two different results: the Kuomintang was defeated and lost a large area of land; * * * The production party opened up a large anti-Japanese base area and threatened the enemy's rear.

An overview of the French bourgeois revolution can be described as follows:

Five years: 1789 ~ 1794.

Four bourgeois factions: Constitutional Monarchy, Gironde, jacobins and Zeyo Party.

Three stages:1789 ~1792; 1792 ~ 1793; 1793 ~ 1794.

Memorizing the main points of historical knowledge

Xinjiang Sun Liang Yong

First, the five-point method of nouns

That is to say, use five points to summarize nouns.

Namely: ① time; 2 position; 3 characters; 4 content; ⑤ Evaluation or significance. This method is suitable for nouns of people, events, works and other categories.

For example, Sun Tzu's Art of War can be summarized as follows: ① Spring and Autumn Period; 2 Wu; (3) by the strategist Sun Wu; (4) Summing up our predecessors' and our own combat experience and writing Sun Tzu's Art of War; ⑤ World-famous ancient art books.

Second, the mathematical representation

That is, a certain historical knowledge is summarized with one or several figures to form the main points.

For example, during the transitional period, the general line of China's * * * production party can be summarized as "one modernization and three reforms", that is, industrialization and socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce.

Thirdly, the prefix extraction method.

That is, the first word or words of each sentence of a certain historical knowledge are extracted as the main points to form another word or sentence.

For example, when recording the contents of Japan's 646-year industrialization reform, it can be recorded as "land division and land reform", that is, distributing land to farmers; Fields may not be bought or sold; Land belongs to the state; Reform the administrative management system.

Fourth, homophonic fun memory method

In other words, several key knowledge of a certain historical knowledge are homophonic or composed of interesting words to help memory.

For example, 1924 when the Soviet Union was first established, it could be recorded as "there are two geese outside Ukraine". Namely Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Transcaucasia. This is interesting. Remember quickly and remember firmly.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) keyword morphology

That is, to grasp the key words of a certain historical knowledge and summarize them into points to improve the memory effect.

For example, we can use several key words to grasp the formation process: ① Start; ② further; ③ greatly deepened; 4 completely immersed. Then contact the influence of several wars of foreign powers invading China: ① The Opium War made China a semi-colony; ② The Second Opium War was further deepened; ③ The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the signing of treaty of shimonoseki greatly deepened the semi-colonization of China; (4) Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China and the signing of the Xin Chou Treaty plunged China into a semi-colonial abyss.

Sixth, summarize the memory method

Is to generalize and simplify some historical knowledge.

For example, the process of Latin American revolution can be summarized as one revolution and two stages (1810-1815; 18 16- 1826), three centers (Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina), three leaders (Hidalgo, Bolí var, San Martin), opposition to two colonists (Portugal, Spain), decisive battle (Ayacucho Battle), namely ".

Six methods of memorizing historical knowledge

Li Dongmei, Danyang Normal School, Jiangsu Province.

A lot of historical knowledge needs to be remembered. If you have good memory methods, you can get twice the result with half the effort. There are many ways to remember historical knowledge, but I think the most commonly used and effective methods are as follows:

-Centralized memory method.

Centralized memory method is to grasp the main content of historical knowledge, buckle keywords, and condense and compress complex and numerous memory materials for memory. For example, there are too many contents in the modern history of China. We can summarize it by conciseness and skillfully remember its knowledge framework: one nature (semi-colonial and semi-feudal society), two pairs of contradictions (contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation, feudalism and the masses of the people), three lines (history of humiliation, history of anti-Japanese war and history of exploration) and four classes (peasant class, landlord class, proletariat and bourgeoisie). Five ideological trends (feudal autocracy, egalitarianism, constitutional monarchy and democratic socialism), six major forces (Britain, France, the United States, Russia, Japan and Germany) and seven major treaties (treaty of nanking, Tianjin Treaty, Beijing Treaty, Sino-French New Testament, treaty of shimonoseki, Xin Chou Treaty). Nine major movements (Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, Westernization Movement, Reform Movement, Boxer Movement, Revolution of 1911, New Culture Movement, May 4th Movement, May 30th Movement, "December 9th Movement") and ten major wars (Opium War, Second Opium War, Sino-French War, Sino-Japanese War, Eight-Nation Alliance's War of Aggression against China, National Protection War and the First Revolutionary Civil War) concentrated on memorizing French. But the concentrated part should be the essence

Second, the memory method of songs.

The method of memorizing children's songs is to memorize important historical knowledge in the form of poems, ballads, jingles and allegro.

For example, you can remember the "peasant uprisings of past dynasties" through the following songs:

Chen Sheng and Guangwu rose up, and Liu Bang and Xiang Yu overthrew the State of Qin.

The green forest is red-browed to destroy the new mang, and the yellow turban insures against the Eastern Han Dynasty.

The tyrant Yang Di gathered in the earthen jar.

The Yellow Emperor dispatch troops was for the people, and General Tian rushed into Chang 'an.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the rebels wrapped in red scarves replaced Zhu Yuanzhang.

Li Zicheng entered Beijing, and Chongzhen hanged Long Live Mountain.

Hong Yang led the Taiping Army to capture Nanjing as Tianjing.

Insisting on anti-Qing for fourteen years, Chinese and foreign enemies were shocked.

This song is not only easy to remember, but also summarizes some important features, main activities, great achievements and the time to persist in the struggle. The advantages of reciting songs and rhymes are catchy, lively and relaxed, unforgettable for a long time, and even unforgettable for life.

Third, the graphic memory method.

Graphic memory method refers to the use of various charts and graphics to remember historical knowledge. This memory method is the most vivid and intuitive. If the chart is made into a three-dimensional courseware, the memory effect will be better. For example, the "triangle slave trade" in "The Evil of Colonialism" can be remembered by the following picture.

Fourth, the digital inductive memory method.

Among the historical knowledge, we think the age is the most difficult to remember, and it is also the most feared to remember. If you use digital feature memory to remember the date, you can remember more, live and remember. If serial numbers are used to record: 19 19 May 4th Movement, 1920 China's first * * * production group was established,192/China * * production party was born, 1922 Hongkong seamen. The interval arithmetic numbers are used to memorize: 19 1 1 Wuchang Uprising, 19 13 Second Revolution, 19 15 National Protection Movement,19/kloc. Use one or more items: 186 1 The Qing government set up the Prime Minister's yamen, Zeng Guofan founded the Anqing Ordnance Institute, Nora launched a palace coup, Russian serfdom reform, and the American Civil War broke out. ...

Five, Lenovo comparative memory method.

Without associative comparison, there is no deep memory. Associative comparative memory method is to identify and analyze historical phenomena from various angles and connections, and find out their similarities and differences for memory. Lenovo comparison can be compared vertically: by comparing the background, content and results of Meiji Restoration and Dahua Reform in Japan, we can not only quickly grasp their historical knowledge, but also discover the characteristics of the changes in Japanese social nature. Associative comparison can also be compared horizontally: by comparing the formation and end times of China feudal society and Western European feudal society, it will be easy to remember the formation and end times of both sides, and it will also be found that the formation of China feudal society is more than 1000 years earlier than that of Western Europe, but the end time is 200 years later. By comparing the Reform Movement of 1898 in China with the Meiji Restoration in Japan, it is not only convenient to remember the historical knowledge of the two changes, but also to find out the reasons for the success of Meiji Restoration in Japan and the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 in China. Associative comparative memory not only enables us to acquire knowledge skillfully, but also helps to cultivate our thinking ability.

Sixth, regular memory method.

Although historical knowledge is complex, we can find out their laws and remember them. For example, many countries in Europe and America have had bourgeois revolutions, but their backgrounds are similar. The main law is that domestic capitalism is advancing by leaps and bounds, and feudal forces or colonial forces seriously hinder its development. Conventional mnemonic method is a higher-level mnemonic method, which is to find out the personality on the premise of finding out * * * *, which can often play the role of killing three birds with one stone, and may also help you to spark creative thinking in the process of generation.

Four knowledge points that can not be ignored in history learning

Shandong wangdong

I. Contents

Contents are highly condensed and summarized chapters. It contains very important contents, especially for clarifying the clues of historical development and grasping the structure of historical knowledge from a macro perspective. As can be seen from the catalogue, the period of the new-democratic revolution is divided into four stages, namely, the Great Revolution, the Ten-year War of Resistance and the War of Liberation. This point is not specified in the article.

Second, the map

Maps have always been the focus of the college entrance examination. With the 3+X exam in full swing, the proportion of maps will become larger and larger. For example, we can learn from the complex changes in the name of Beijing. Another example is a painting in the canal of the Sui Dynasty, which connects Chang 'an and the Yellow River.

Third, illustrations.

With the reform of teaching materials, the proportion of illustrations in teaching materials has increased. It not only enables learners to vividly understand and master the text expression of textbooks, but also provides new knowledge. For example, the first governor of Hong Kong was Pu Dingcha; The representative of China who signed Article 2 1 was Foreign Minister Lu Zhengxiang.

Four. notes

A comment is a more detailed explanation of the relevant content of the text. For example, the annotation says that "Spring and Autumn Annals are named after Lv Chunqiu", from which we can know two things: ① The origin of the name of Spring and Autumn Annals. (2) The Spring and Autumn Annals is a chronicle. Another example is that Zhou Kuai Shu Jing Su An Jing is an annotation of an astronomical work, which excludes the possibility that people mistakenly think it is a mathematical monograph.