In the era of small-scale peasant economy and handicraft production, people rely on their own experience to manage production. At the beginning of the 20th century, industry began to enter the era of scientific management. The book Principles of Scientific Management published by American engineer F.W. Taylor is a masterpiece of this era and a classic work of industrial engineering. From about 19 10, Girbe people in America (Frank. &; . L.Gilbreth) engaged in action (method) research and workflow research, and also set 17 basic factors (thresholds) of action. Taylor and Gilbress are the most famous founders of industrial engineering.
1908 the university of Pennsylvania opened the course of industrial engineering for the first time, and later established the department of industrial engineering. 19 17, the American society of industrial engineers was founded. Since then, it is advocated that all kinds of research work to improve labor productivity, such as action research and time research, should be separated from management functions and carried out by people who know engineering technology, thus gradually forming a group of industrial engineering engineers who combine engineering technology with management.
During and after World War II, work research (including time research and method research), quality control, personnel evaluation and selection, factory layout, production planning and so on all formally became the contents of industrial engineering. With the development of manufacturing industry, J.Fish initiated the research field of engineering economic analysis. Due to the needs of the war, operational research has been greatly developed. After the war, due to the needs of economic construction and industrial production development, the combination of industrial engineering and operational research provided a more scientific method basis for industrial engineering, and the technical content of industrial engineering was greatly enriched and developed. 1948, the American Institute of Industrial Engineers was formally established. In 1950s and 1960s, many universities in the United States set up departments of industrial engineering, and by 1975, more than 50 universities had set up industrial engineering courses.
Compared with developed countries, China started late. In the early 1980s, industrial departments began to know something about industrial engineering and gradually popularized it. The first national academic conference was held in 199 1 year.
The application prospect of industrial engineering in China is very broad. In the 1980s. Sanshang Zhanxi, an expert from Japan Energy Association, was entrusted by the Japanese government to promote the application of industrial engineering technology in China, Beijing and Dalian. In his view, many enterprises in China do not need to increase a lot of investment in hardware. As long as they pay attention to improving management methods, personnel quality and industrial engineering, their production efficiency can be improved by 2-3 times or even 5- 10 times. Typical enterprises applying industrial engineering technology in China include Beijing Machine Tool Electric Appliance Factory, FAW Group, Angang and so on, all of which have achieved obvious economic benefits.
At present, an important task in the development of industrial engineering in China is to train talents. In China, it was 1993 that first recruited undergraduates majoring in industrial engineering. At present, more than 70 colleges and universities have industrial engineering departments or majors. Master students begin to enroll students from 1994. At present, more than 70 colleges and universities in China have set up industrial engineering majors.
The practice of industrial engineering development and application at home and abroad shows that this comprehensive technology, which organically combines engineering and management, plays an irreplaceable role in improving the productivity of enterprises, the comprehensive efficiency and benefit of production systems, the comprehensive quality of systems, the competitiveness of enterprises in the international market under the conditions of open economy and the comprehensive innovation ability under the knowledge economy environment, as well as the high-quality and sustainable development of various production systems, management systems and socio-economic systems.
China's enterprise-based industries and industrial economic system are facing many problems and dilemmas, such as low resource utilization rate, low quality and efficiency, unreasonable product comprehensive structure, poor environmental adaptability, urgent need to strengthen international competitiveness and innovation ability, weak strategic management and internal management, disjointed technology and management, lack of characteristics, unbalanced development of products, markets and technologies, irregular and unstable relations between enterprises and markets, governments and other enterprises. Modern industrial engineering is an effective weapon for enterprises and even the whole industrial economy to get rid of difficulties and win competitive advantages.
Present situation of industrial engineering
Industrial engineering (IE) has gone through a history of more than one hundred years with the industrialization process of human society, which has greatly promoted the economic and social development of human society, especially in western countries. Many industrialized countries in the world, such as the United States, Germany, Japan, Britain and so on. , has a close relationship with its strong industrial and industrial engineering (IE) strength. In the United States, industrial engineering (IE) is called "seven major projects" together with mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering, computer engineering and aviation engineering, which shows its uniqueness and importance.
Industrial engineering (IE) has always been highly valued by the industry in the above-mentioned industrialized countries, because IE directly faces the production and operation process of enterprises. It is closely related to mathematics, human factors, economic management and various engineering technologies. Based on the philosophy of system engineering, the theoretical basis of operational research and other mathematical methods, modern information technology is used as a tool, and the practical engineering and management problems in various complex enterprises or organizational systems, including manufacturing and service industries, are quantitatively and systematically analyzed by using the engineering quantitative analysis method. Industrial Engineering (IE) is the only engineering technology that aims at system efficiency and benefit, so it has become a comprehensive frontier discipline that cannot be replaced by other projects and is highly complementary to other projects.
The role of industrial engineering
First of all, IE is a tool to set operating standards and time. If there is no such operating standard and time setting, not only can the production plan of the factory not be made, but even overcapacity or insufficient capacity is unknown. Therefore, standardized operation and time setting are indispensable things in modern enterprise management.
Secondly, IE is an improved tool for engineering analysis. In the past, IE subdivided the factory and gradually improved it. But now this method can only be applied to partial improvement. Because it can not be directly linked with the interests of enterprises, the method of overall analysis first and then improvement is gradually adopted.
Characteristics of industrial engineering
1.IE Based on engineering technology and scientific management skills, find/solve/prevent problems;
The ultimate goal of 2.2. IE is to make the enterprise get the maximum benefit through management and operation, so it is related to cost or economic benefit, including system, operation method, machine, mold and fixture, etc.
3.IE is an applied science, and its operation theory should meet the actual needs, so IE engineers should have practical ability, so that theory and practice can complement each other and ensure the management effect;
4.IE uses key management skills to make key breakthroughs in the problems it faces.
The main scope of industrial engineering (IE)
At present, the main work scope of IE (Industrial Engineering) is roughly: engineering analysis, work standard, action research, time research, time standard, time value, value analysis (V.A), factory layout, handling design, etc.
Representative achievements and development trend of industrial engineering
Representative achievements of industrial engineering
Like any engineering technology, industrial engineering (IE) has its representative achievements, such as the "production mode" that has always dominated industrial development in the field of production systems. The earliest achievement of industrial engineering (IE) is "Ford production mode", which is based on large-scale assembly line production mode to improve production efficiency and reduce labor costs. This mode of production has dominated the industrial process for half a century. With the development of market and technology, and people's long-term practice, understanding and research on industrial development, in the past thirty years, various advanced production modes have emerged one after another, such as Just In Time )- JIT and lean production, which have had an important impact on the development of Japanese automobile industry and world manufacturing industry. Agile manufacturing with the characteristics of American information age and mass customization that people talk a lot about now. Each mode of production greatly affects the operation of the whole enterprise. By improving the business process of enterprises, the management mode of enterprises has been changed and developed, thus promoting the rapid development of all mankind for nearly half a century.
Development trend of industrial engineering
The recent development trend of IE is source code management. IE used to solve the problem of how to improve the designed products in the production process. The production department will at most feed back the design with poor production efficiency to the design department for improvement. However, in this super-competitive era, in product development, it is more important to design more efficient products according to the principle of IE. It's time for the design department to incorporate the principle of IE into the design. The production department should know whether it is feasible and give guidance and improvement. With the development of it technology such as digital and analog technology, all these become feasible.
Research purpose of industrial engineering
IE is aimed at the operation centered on the production site.
(1) System analysis: As the result that the current system should achieve, when the expected result is not achieved, problems are found and control management is studied.
(2) Improvement of the system: When the achievements of the current system are not sufficient and the operation is inconvenient, and some of them need to be improved, research the improvement methods.
(3) Design of the system: When the current system can't achieve the complete effect under new circumstances, look for requirements to study and design a new system.
Classification of industrial engineering
Basic IE and application IE
(1) Basic IE belongs to the classic IE, which refers to Method Engineering (ME) and WM: Work Metrics (WM).
(2) The application of IE is based on the basic IE and takes all factors in production activities as the object IE, including QC, VE, OR, etc.
Method research and job determination
(1) Basic IE can be divided into method research and job determination.
(2) The purpose of method research is to design and improve the operating system. The analysis of the operator's actions, the operation of the operator and equipment, and the field process analysis all belong to method research. Through the method research, we can redesign the operating system, design the business, shorten the operating time and make it develop into an ideal system.
(3) Activity measurement is a technique to analyze efficiency, including setting standard time and improvement, setting target time and measuring activity efficiency. Although job measurement focuses on the productivity of the website, it should expand its field to improve the productivity of system and management measurement.
Industrial engineering analysis system
? In the analysis system of IE, every operation and systematic operation is analyzed through method research, and the best method is emphasized. By analyzing the operation state and measuring the unit operation time in operation measurement, the standard time and workload are set.
? According to the method research and operation measurement, the best operating system is designed and maintained through the combination of the best method and time set.
Research fields of industrial engineering:
Human factor engineering:
In the engineering design of facilities, the knowledge of feeling, perception, intelligence and psychological movement is comprehensively used to improve the operation level and work quality of workers.
Manufacturing system engineering:
Requirements planning, analysis and manufacturing method design, process and integration system include new technologies such as equipment, control, service, management and computer, such as computer aided design/computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), automatic control, robot and computer control.
Operational research:
The principles and methods of statistics, stochastic process, mathematical modeling, computer science and optimization are used to study and develop the laws and technologies of numerical evaluation, authentication, analysis, organization, design and comprehensive representation of physics and operating systems.
Production management:
Methods and theories of analyzing, designing, installing and maintaining production or management systems, including the production and distribution of goods and services. Its task is to plan, arrange, distribute and control the production process, and make effective use of funds, manpower and resources.
Inventory control:
Use statistical management (statistical software SPC, etc. ).
Simulation (simulation):
Use software (arena, etc.). ) to simulate.
Manufacturing design:
Design with Pro E, Solidworks, Cad, Catia, etc.
Industrial engineering major
Business development goals:
Business training objectives: This major trains senior professionals with knowledge, quality and ability of modern industrial engineering and system management, who can be engaged in the planning, design, evaluation and innovation of management systems such as production, operation and service of commercial enterprises.
Business training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of industrial engineering, receive basic training in applying industrial engineering theories and methods to analyze and solve practical problems, and have the initial ability to develop and design practical management systems.
Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:
1. Master the basic theory and knowledge of industrial engineering;
2. Master the analytical methods and management techniques of system management;
3. Have the basic skills of an engineering discipline (such as mechanical engineering);
4 familiar with the relevant principles, policies and regulations of economic construction and enterprise management;
5. Understand the theoretical frontier, application prospect and development trend of modern industrial engineering;
6 master the basic methods of literature retrieval and information query, and have the preliminary scientific research and practical work ability.
Main course:
Main subjects: management, mechanical engineering (or electronic science and technology, etc. )
Main courses: electrical technology foundation, mechanical design foundation (or some engineering design such as electronics and metallurgy), operational research, introduction to system engineering, management, marketing, accounting and financial management, management information system, etc.
The main practical teaching links include metalworking practice, electronic technology practice, production practice and graduation practice. , generally arranged for 32 weeks.
Study time: four years
Degree award: Bachelor of Management or Engineering.
Similar majors: management science, information management and information system, industrial engineering management, engineering cost, sports industry management assets evaluation.