pay attention to
Consonant vowel
Rhyme, rhyme, belly, rhyme.
Syllables are separated by a hyphen (-); Characters, like languages written in Roman characters, are separated by spaces; Compound words can be broken if they can be subdivided into disyllabic words. There is no provision for word segmentation linking (omitting hyphens) in this scheme, but it is mentioned in the official user manual that in the future, links can be started from less controversial words according to the actual use of the language.
Minnan dialect in Taiwan Province is the most commonly used phonological system of Minnan dialect in public places and media in Taiwan Province Province, which is also called "common accent" and "dominant accent". In addition to spelling ordinary accents, Taylor Pinyin Scheme also considers other accents in Taiwan Province Province. The so-called common cavity does not mean that the pronunciation is exactly the same. Although the phonological system is the same, there are still some differences from place to place. There are eighteen initial consonants in Minnan dialect of Taiwan Province, among which "zero initial" is not without initial consonants, but a glottic sound. According to the pronunciation position and method, the initial list of Taylor Pinyin is as follows:
Nasal fricative fricative unvoiced voiced unvoiced aspirated lip sounds p/p/p/ edge ph/p/p? /quite b/b/ Wen m/m/ Maojian t/t/ di th/t? /he n/n/ anti-l/l/ liuya sound (lingual sound) ts/ts/ Zeng tsh/ts? /when using j/dz/ s/s/, the root of tongue sounds k/k/ ask kh/k? /go to g/g/ language ng/? /Elegant guttural voice/? /English h/h/ hi Chinese characters are suggested by the TLPA scheme. Except for "Wen, Mao, forbearance and elegance", most of them are traditional fifteen tones. The "English" beginning with zero is not marked. Compared with the traditional five-tone TLPA, the modern phonology of lip sound, lip sound, double lip sound, tongue sound, middle tone of tip of tongue, gingival sound, tooth sound, root sound, soft palate sound, laryngeal sound and laryngeal sound has strict differences in pronunciation parts and methods. The pronunciation of the tongue tip sound is the same as that of the tongue tooth sound. Their difference lies in that the pronunciation methods of the tongue tip sound are stop sound and nasal sound, and the pronunciation methods of the tongue tooth sound are edge sound, fricative sound and stop sound. Triple opposition Consonants and affricates in Minnan dialect of Taiwan Province are divided into three opposites: pure aspirated sound, pure unvoiced sound and voiced sound. The so-called triple opposition refers to a group of three consonants or affricates (such as P, ph and B) in the same pronunciation part, which can express three different meanings (such as P&; Grandma ocirc, ph &；; Ocirc Portugal, B&; Ocirc None). In Chinese, consonants and affricates are two antonyms, namely unvoiced sound and aspirated sound, lacking voiced sound (both Chinese pinyin and universal pinyin are written as B and P, and phonetic symbols are written as ㄅ and); Hakka dialect, like Chinese, has dual antonyms, while English and Japanese have dual antonyms of unvoiced and voiced sounds. In other words, consonants and affricates in Taiwanese Minnan dialect can only be distinguished by two features, namely, "whether it is voiced or not" and "whether it is aspirated or not". Consonants in many languages, such as Chinese, Hakka, English and Japanese, can distinguish two different pronunciations as long as there is one distinguishing feature. Breathing: breathing: vocalization: voiced: voiced: voiced: voiced: voiced; Having sound; Having sound; Having sound; Having sound; Having sound; Having sound; This triple opposition is one of the main conflicts between Taiwan Province Pinyin and Taiwan Province Universal Pinyin. There are only two stops in the same pronunciation of Roman characters, so one of the three pronunciations must use two letters or unrelated letters. Taylor Pinyin thinks that B and G should be assigned to voiced sounds and spelled unvoiced sounds as P; Universal Pinyin is the same as Chinese Pinyin. B and G are assigned to unvoiced sounds, and voiced sounds are spelled bh/v, gh/q V and gh/q ... Hong calls the former W system and the latter C system. Yu Boquan called the pinyin of the former A and the pinyin of the latter B. ..
A vowel
At most, nine different vowels can be derived from the vowel center, plus three characteristics: nasal vowel, entering tone and nasal consonant. Take a as an example. The nasalized A is ann, and A and ann are spelled ah and annh respectively. There are three kinds of nasal consonants that can be added: m, n, ng and ng. The corresponding entering versions are P, T, K. Single vowels (and the end of guttural sounds). Shu-sheng guttural sounds enter the mouth, nose, mouth, nose, nose, AANNAHENHENNINHININHININHININHININHOHOUHMHNNGGH single vowels (the end of consonants). Shu-sheng usually enters MNNGPTKAMANGANPATAK MINGIPITIK with a middle tone (and the end of guttural sounds). AIANNUAUUAUIAUNIUAIUAIIN red letters: vowels and spoken words are identified as different oral vowels, before vowels, after vowels, after vowels, and vowels in i /i/u /u/ E/O/. /oo /？ /low vowel a /a/ vowel pitch vowel inn/? /unn /？ /middle vowel enn/? /onn // low vowel ann/&; Attide/rhyming consonant nasal lip sound m /m? /Tongue root sound ng // Taiwan Province Minnan dialect has six oral vowels, five nasal vowels and two vowels. Vowels can be nasalized, such as&; Icirc (Auntie) becomes &; IcircNn (circle); Only O cannot be nasalized, so onn is the nasalization of oo. The official version of nasalization is -nn, and the traditional version is superscript-? ; The traditional version of oo is o (a little more in the upper right corner). The two consonants, m and ng, can rhyme (syllable) or be used as syllables or vowels alone. Example: Tim? Yellow n? Among the vowels of G, O is the most divergent in different places. In some accents, the pronunciation of o is semi-closed round-lipped vowel [o] and semi-closed round-lipped vowel [? ] 。
Minnan dialect in Taiwan Province Province is dominated by rhyme endings, which is a mixture of Zhangzhou dialect and Quanzhou dialect, and is generally called "Zhangquanlan". However, in some parts of Taiwan Province Province, Minnan dialect still presents a unique accent of "deviation" or "deviation", and Taylor Plan has designed a notation for these unique phonemes. ir /？ /er /？ /ee /？ /ere /？ e/
This entry contains international phonetic symbols and symbols. Some operating systems and browsers need special foreign language support to display correct IPA symbols instead of garbled, question marks and other symbols. Traditionally, Taiwan Province Minnan dialect has eight tones, namely, Yin Ping, Yin Shang, Yin Qu, Yin Ru, Yang Ping, Yang Shang, Yang Qu and Yang Ru, but there is no upward adjustment in the common accent. Taylor's scheme not only has the same traditional eight-tone notation as the vernacular, but also specifies 0 tone (light tone) and 9 tone (appearing in chorus and triplet), and the light tone is represented by two hyphens. When it is inconvenient to use, the tone symbols can be replaced by Arabic numeral symbols. What was the first time? 0 123456789 The traditional tune is that Yin Pingyin goes up to Yin, Yin becomes Yang, Pingyang goes up to Yang Deyang-Aà ah&; acirc?āa？ Huh? For example, Dongdang and Dongdong International Phonetic Alphabet have the same Chinese characters, and whether they read softly or not may represent different meanings, or the emphasis on tone may be different. For example: kiann-sí (afraid of death; Timid) kiann-sí (scared to death) The day after tomorrow, āu-jit? (later) ā u-JIT? (The day after tomorrow) When a syllable has more than one letter, the key signature should be marked above the loudest letter (usually in the rhyme). The exact letters can be determined by rules: loudness priority: a >；; Oo>e = o>I = u÷ high vowel > no fricative > fricative > stop > iu and ui, key signature are all marked in the last letter, because the previous letter is a sound. M is marked on m as rhyme. The previous letter is marked with two letters oo and ng. The three letters ere are marked with the last e. When spelling Minnan dialect in Taiwan Province, Taylor Pinyin is highly compatible with the vernacular. Even if Taylor Pinyin and vernacular Chinese appear at the same time, there will be no misunderstanding because the original vernacular Chinese does not use this spelling. We can use the binary relation in mathematics to discuss their compatibility: let the set of all syllables in Taiwanese Minnan be S, the set of all syllables in Mandarin be P, and the set of all spellings in Taro be T. From the above three sets, we define the Chinese character system in Mandarin as the binary relation RP, with its definition domain being S, its companion definition domain being P, and its value domain being a≤RP(s)≤ut, or A ≤ P. Tarot Pinyin is RT, the definition field is S, the companion field is T, and the range of values is a≤RT(s)≤ut, or a≤t≤ut. S = {a，a？ Artificial intelligence & ampatilde I, ... ua, ... ut} P = {a, ah, ai, ai? , ... oa, ... ut} t = {a, ah, ai, ainn, ... ua, ... ut} After defining the pinyin scheme as a mathematical relationship, the OA of vernacular Chinese corresponds to the UA of Taylor Pinyin one by one: the function is injective if and only if f(s) = p is unique to any existence. A function is bijective if and only if it uniquely satisfies f(s) = t for any existence. And the function RP? RT、RT？ RP is RP≡RT, that is, two sets of transformations satisfy bijective relation and are each other's sets. Therefore, and. Explain the above mathematical formula in spoken language: syllable ua and spelling oa belong to "vernacular word relationship", and syllable ua and spelling ua belong to "Taylor relationship". Finally, we can observe the conclusion from the syllable comparison table: If and only if, that is, in Taylor's scheme, any syllable is written in the same spelling as the vernacular characters, then the spelling of this syllable in the vernacular characters is the same, and there will be no problem that Taylor Pinyin and the same spelling in the vernacular characters represent different pronunciations. However, this conclusion only applies to ordinary dialects, and eng and ek of Taylor's scheme are used in local dialects, which is different from vernacular Chinese. 〉