At present, there are six versions of primary school mathematics textbook * * compiled according to the National Mathematics Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education (Experimental Draft) (hereinafter referred to as the Standard). Among them, the two versions of textbooks, People's Education Edition and Beijing Normal University Edition, are widely used. Many experts, scholars and teachers have conducted case studies on these two textbooks to a certain extent, but it is rare to make targeted, representative and comprehensive comparative studies on these two textbooks. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively synthesize, analyze and compare the two versions of textbooks, trying to sum up the similarities and differences between the two textbooks, so as to better grasp the development trend of primary school mathematics textbooks. The conclusion of this study is that the two textbooks have their own advantages and disadvantages. The textbooks published by People's Education Publishing House are logical, well-written, and pay attention to basic knowledge, which can adapt to most parts of the country. The textbook published by Beijing Normal University is active in thinking, vivid in form and full of childlike interest, but its logic is not strong, and the content of the textbook jumps greatly, so some students can't keep up with their thinking and learning ability, leaving too much room for teachers and students. Due to different teachers' abilities and inconsistent teaching standards, students' learning effects are different, and the teaching materials are not suitable for large class teaching. When choosing teaching materials, teachers should take the teaching materials published by People's Education Publishing House as the main line and punctuate some teaching ideas and methods published by Beijing Normal University. From the comparison of the two versions of textbooks, we can preliminarily grasp the development trend of primary school mathematics textbooks: (1) the concept of curriculum textbooks oriented to society and knowledge is changing to the concept of curriculum textbooks based on people. (2) With regard to the content of teaching materials, we should comprehensively consider the mathematics content in compulsory education based on the principles of pruning, simplifying the complex, strengthening the foundation and highlighting the essence. (3) In the teaching material structure, it will reduce the complexity of the content, make the knowledge structure more systematic and simplified on the basis of spiral rise, strengthen the basic content, highlight the essence of mathematics, and reduce unnecessary repetition, so as to facilitate the transfer of learning and improve teaching efficiency. (4) In the presentation form of teaching materials, students' age characteristics and cognitive rules will be fully considered, and the connection with students' life and real society will be strengthened. Starting with the examples around children, the teaching materials are more life-oriented, socialized and interesting. Because two versions of textbooks have not been published and one cycle of experiments has not been completed, there are still some limitations in this study, which need to be further discussed in future teaching practice and theoretical research.