Li Zhi, Ankang Teaching and Research Office.

Cultivating innovative spirit and practical ability is the need of the development of the times and participation in international competition. The reform of basic education requires us to strengthen the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability. In the stage of basic education, cultivating innovative spirit and practical ability is the core task of the new curriculum reform. As a basic subject, primary school mathematics should focus on stimulating students' curiosity, thirst for knowledge and imagination, cultivating students' innovative thinking quality, scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, and cultivating students' awareness of exploration and discovery and initial creativity. For primary school students, new methods, new knowledge and new laws are obtained through independent thinking, cooperative learning and inquiry learning, which is the performance of innovation. ?

First, cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability in creating situations?

Combine students' life experience and existing knowledge to create interesting and meaningful situations. Give students the power to observe, think, discuss, cooperate, question, summarize and create, so that students can become the subject and explorer of learning. ? 1, to create a picture situation, so that students are willing to innovate. ?

Students are very interested in vivid, colorful and lifelike pictures, pictures and objects, and their thinking is easily activated. This intuitive situation leaves not only appearances and generalizations, but also thoughts and emotions in students' minds. It can stimulate students' strong interest and their desire to explore and discover new knowledge. ? 2. Create problem situations to make students want to innovate. ?

Inspire students to think from different angles. When there are multiple solutions to a problem, we should choose the fastest and best solution from the comparison of multiple solutions. For example, when teaching "Perimeter of Rectangle and Square", students are encouraged to find their own calculation methods of perimeter of rectangle and square. The method of calculating the perimeter of rectangle and square discovered by students. ? Length+width+length+width; Length ×2+ width × 2; (length+width) ×2? Side length+side length+side length+side length; Side length x 4?

While affirming the students' answers, let them compare which method is the easiest. By comparison, the calculation formulas of rectangle and square are deduced. ?

3. Create an "active" situation to make students diligent in innovation. ?

Traditional teaching is "indoctrination" teaching in which teachers talk and students listen. The new curriculum requires students' autonomous activities as the main learning method, giving students the initiative in mathematics learning, encouraging each student to actively participate in teaching activities, and allowing students to practice, boldly explore and grow their talents in colorful activities. For example, when learning "Understanding RMB", the teacher can create this link as a mathematical activity situation: the teacher will show the students the "Star Supermarket" prepared in advance, and the stationery cabinet in the small supermarket contains markers, erasers, rulers, knives, mechanical pencil and so on. The teacher asked the students to take out their own one yuan to go to the supermarket. ?

Second, cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability to explore new knowledge?

In classroom teaching, students are the masters of activities, the operators, practitioners, discussants, communicators and explorers of classroom activities; Teachers are organizers, guides, participants and researchers of classroom activities, and should leave more space for students to explore knowledge and opportunities for students to practice. ?

1. Encourage students to read and understand independently. ?

Give students the time to read, the right to ask questions, the opportunity to speak and the process of doing, emphasize giving students as much time and space as possible to study independently and creatively, and completely change the traditional teaching mode of "indoctrination and injection" in the past. ?

2. Give full play to the advantages of cooperation and let students innovate and practice. ?

Many inventions are the crystallization of collective wisdom. The formation of study groups can make full use of the collective strength, combine classes, groups, students and other forms of cooperation and give full play to the advantages of cooperative learning. In cooperative learning, teachers should strengthen organizational guidance, teacher-student cooperation and communication, and improve the effect of cooperative learning. Study groups can have different genders, grades and abilities.

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Student's. When discussing in groups, give priority to students who don't speak much, and put forward, discuss and solve the questions that they don't understand in groups, then summarize and sort them out and communicate with the whole class. In group learning, we can give full play to the talents of top students, train middle students, help and improve underachievers, and develop students' cooperative ability, thinking ability, especially innovation ability and practical ability. ?

3. Encourage students to question and cultivate their innovative spirit and practical ability. ?

Teachers should encourage students to ask questions and teach them the methods of asking questions in the teaching process. Encourage students to ask questions in time, protect their innovative consciousness and pave the way for their innovation. It is necessary to teach students some ways to ask questions. For example, in concept teaching, students can think like this: What is the object of this concept discussion? What's the background? What is the cause and effect? What's the point of learning this concept? How do they relate to the concepts learned in the past? In computing teaching, students should be guided to question algorithms and algorithms. Sometimes students' questions cover a wide range and appear to be "complicated" At this time, students should be organized to discuss which questions are good and which questions are irrelevant. It is not the content or focus of the textbook, but to guide students to gradually change from "many and miscellaneous" to "few and refined". As long as the teacher guides them properly, students will find something, gradually learn to question and learn to innovate. ? 4. Carry out the second mathematics class to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability. ?

Many interesting laws and cultural charms in mathematics are difficult for middle school students to understand simply from mathematics textbooks. To cultivate primary school students' innovative spirit and practical ability, we can combine the contents of teaching materials, carry out the second class and expand book knowledge. For example, in online line segment teaching, students can be guided to explore on the basis of defining a line segment at two points, and then increase point by point, so that students can find out the number of line segments and inspire students to discover their laws. The total number of line segments is equal to 1+2+3++(n- 1)(n is the number of points). ?

Third, cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability in the process of consolidation and expansion?

In mathematics teaching, we often need to review. Its function is to consolidate basic knowledge and deepen our understanding of knowledge, methods and applications. Help students form a good cognitive structure. At the same time, it can also help students to check and fill gaps in stage learning and consolidate and improve. Through review, basic knowledge can be connected into lines, planes, nets and bodies. Prevent immaturity, indecision, inactivity and unconsolidation. Prevent losing too fast, eating too fast, and haste makes waste; Preventing loss is too slow and there is no sense of urgency. Therefore, teachers should design the contents and questions according to the purpose and function of review, pave the way for the operation of the new curriculum, incorporate the old knowledge into the system of new knowledge, and clarify the role of new knowledge in solving problems. Practice has proved that review class is very beneficial to adjust teaching and learning, especially to strengthen the understanding of knowledge and methods, improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems, and cultivate innovative consciousness and practical ability. ? Fourth, cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability in summary evaluation and teaching reflection?

Classroom summary and evaluation is a review of the learning process of a class, and it is a combing of students' thinking process and thinking results. It has three functions: first, it reproduces and summarizes the knowledge and skills learned in class; The second is to guide students to integrate what they have learned into the original knowledge system through collation; The third is to put forward the necessary requirements for the next class, so that students can be prepared intellectually and psychologically. This process should not be replaced by teachers, let alone go through the motions and let the students sum it up by themselves. Ask the students to think, "What have you learned?" "What are the gains in learning methods?" "What did this lesson inspire you?" The process of combing, associating and imagining one's own thinking results is actually that students appreciate their learning achievements and experience the joy of success in the process of "re-creation". This process also encourages students to further discover and explore, thus enhancing their innovative spirit and practical ability.