Joseph Haydn (1732 ~ 1809)
Austrian composer. 1732 was born in Lolo, an Austrian village under the Austria-Hungary border, on March 3 1 and died in Vienna on May 3 1. His father is a wheelwright handed down from generation to generation, and his mother is a chef of a noble family. Her family is poor. Six of 12 children died, and Haydn was the second of 12 children.
Haydn was influenced by his parents who loved music since childhood, folk music and church music since childhood, and showed outstanding talent since childhood. He has a beautiful children's treble. He can not only imitate and sing every song he hears, but also play these melodies with his own violin. Haydn's relative, J.M. Frank, the director of the choir of Heinburg Church, took a fancy to him. From then on, Haydn left his parents forever at the age of 6. He sang mass in the choir of Heinburg Church on the Danube, and studied music theory and the commonly used instrument Harper Secord violin. As he later recalled, the academic hardship "flogging is not just about eating." Two years later, G. reuter, a musician from Vienna's St. Stephen's Cathedral, went to Heinburg to look for a singing boy, and Haydn was selected into the choir.
/kloc-at the age of 0/7, Haydn was fired because of her voice change, and she began to be poor and miserable. In order to make ends meet, he teaches music to several children. A friend found him an attic to live in. Thankfully, there is an old Harper Secord in the attic. In his later years, he told G.A. Griesing Geer (Haydn's first biographer) about that life. He said, "Whenever I sit next to that shabby Harper Secord who was bitten by bugs, I don't envy the happiest king." Here, he diligently taught himself, practiced keyboard instruments and violins, and studied theory. 1754 I met N. porpora, a famous Italian composer and vocal music teacher at that time. Haydn learned composition, Italian and vocal music from him, and at the same time played accompaniment for his vocal lessons and served as a servant.
1755, Haydn was invited by Count Finberg to attend a quartet evening at his residence and worked as a violinist in the quartet. The following year, Haydn's 1 string quartet in B flat major came out. On the recommendation of Count Finberg, Haydn was hired as a band conductor and chamber music composer in the official residence of Count Morzin in Czech Republic in 1759. During this year, Haydn composed the first symphony. The following year, Haydn married Anna, daughter of Vienna wig manufacturer J.P. Koehler. After marriage, the couple got along unhappily, separated for a long time, and finally had no children.
176 1 This year is an important turning point in Haydn's life. After Earl Morzin broke up the band, Haydn went to Eichenstadt and became the court assistant musician of Prince P.A. estelle, and soon became a musician. From 176 1 to 1790, Haydn spent the most precious 30 years in Estehachi Palace. As a musician in the aristocratic court, he is first a slave attached to his master and should do things according to the prince's will: he creates, manages and directs bands, trains singers, and even keeps musical instruments and copies music scores. The artistic interest of the court and complicated administrative affairs limited his rich imagination and creativity; On the other hand, court orchestras, choirs, opera houses, puppet theaters, etc. All these provide various writing opportunities for his artistic development, and he can directly test his own works, so as to add, delete and modify them and achieve perfection. Most of Haydn's masterpieces were created in Estehachi Palace, including about 60 symphonies, 40 string quartets, about 30 piano sonatas, 5 mass and 1 1 operas.
Haydn's fame is growing. His works were published in Paris on 1764, and his name first appeared in British newspapers on 1765. When I met W.A. Mozart at 178 1, he was already famous in Europe. Haydn, who was nearly half a century old, established a sincere friendship with Mozart, who was just beginning to show his edge. Mozart considered himself a student of Haydn, claiming that he first learned how to compose string quartets from Haydn; He wrote six string quartets for Haydn. Haydn also admired and attached great importance to Mozart's genius. He sincerely acknowledged Mozart's advantages in opera creation. In Haydn's later works, the influence of Mozart's soft timbre and delicate emotional style is also revealed. In 1980s, Merton reached the maturity of creation. 1784, he accepted the contract for a religious concert in Paris and wrote a symphony. 1785, he composed the orchestra The Last Seven Words of Christ on the Cross for Cadiz Cathedral. He wrote six symphonies for the Paris Olympic Concert. In the same year, he wrote some serenades and concertos for King Ferdinand IV of Naples.
1790, Haydn's life changed decisively. After the death of Prince Estehachi, the new prince dissolved the orchestra, but kept Haydn's musical title and salary. Haydn, who has been attached to the nobility for a long time in his work and life, really began to gallop freely in the art world. He arrived in Vienna at once. Less than a month later, he accepted the invitation of the violinist J.P. Zalomon, the concert manager in London, England. He arrived in London on the New Year's Day of 179 1 and did not return to Vienna until July of 1792. June 1794 to August 1795, second visit to London.
The trip to London is in sharp contrast to the life confined to the aristocratic court in the past. In London, a metropolis with the characteristics of capitalist society, the vast number of music listeners demand to hear more profound, novel and rich works. Haydn was busy giving concerts, attending many social gatherings and creating new works day and night. Haydn, who is over 60 years old, not only meets the huge demand of the audience for his works in quantity, but also is superior to previous works in quality. Haydn composed 12 famous London Symphony for Zalomon's concert, which formed the peak of his life. These outstanding works aroused the enthusiasm of the audience in London, and all British music lovers admired the legendary music master. British upper class paid tribute to him, King George III asked him to stay in England, and Niu Law School awarded him a doctorate in music. Haydn was intoxicated with honor and friendship. 179 1 In May and June of 2000, G.F. Handel Memorial Festival was held in Westminster Abbey, where Haydn heard many famous works such as Messiah for the first time, which deeply touched him.
On his 1 visit to London, he passed by Bonn, where he found that the young L.van Beethoven was a genius and expressed his willingness to accept Beethoven as a student. From 65438 to 0792, Beethoven went to Vienna to learn from Haydn. Because of different personalities, the relationship between teachers and students is not long. But Haydn still thinks: "... Beethoven will become one of the greatest composers in Europe sooner or later, and I will be proud to be his teacher ..."1795 In August, 63-year-old Haydn returned to Vienna from London for the second time to continue his writing. Two oratorios Genesis (1796 ~ 1798) and Four Seasons (1799 ~ 180 1) are his most successful works in his later years.
Haydn, who is famous all over Europe, is old. After 1802, his creative inspiration dried up. However, many cultural communities and societies are proud of Haydn's participation. Haydn was invited to join the Apollo Society in Paris, and then became an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Music Lovers Association. Haydn made his last public appearance when Genesis was staged again in Vienna on March 27th 1808.
1809 On April 9, Austria declared war on France, and the French army quickly occupied Vienna. On May 3 1 day, Haydn died in the war. The body was buried in Hong Destour Cemetery, and was reburied in Berger Church in Azenstadt in 1820. 1932 Haydn Mausoleum was built there, and the title of his masterpiece was engraved around the skylight of the mausoleum dome.
Haydn was born in the declining Habsburg dynasty and the late Baroque period in cultural history. On the road of life, he experienced the "enlightened autocracy" initiated by Maria Tracy, and when he died, the whole of Europe was facing the impact of the French Revolution. This background made Haydn tend to the Enlightenment and the emerging civil class at that time, but he didn't understand the revolution.
Haydn likes private themes in daily life, and is good at expressing simple and clear feelings and optimistic beliefs of human beings, but he doesn't like to express complex inner conflicts of human beings. He is not dramatic, but he is fascinating with wonderful humor. Happiness and hope constitute Haydn's artistic temperament.
On the surface, Haydn was a devout Catholic. At the beginning of every manuscript, he always writes "in the name of God" and at the end, he always signs "Glory to God". But his devotion to God only abides by custom, and religion does not occupy an important position in his thoughts and feelings. In one of his earliest vocal works, Small Mass in F Major, the music theme of "Begging for mercy" movement is joyful, and the famous "Mourning the Virgin" is full of human feelings. The last seven words of Christ on the Cross, an orchestra with seven movements (later solo and chorus were added), left the deepest impression on people that the last movement simulated an earthquake. All these show that Haydn's works are realistic and life-oriented, even in his religious music. He likes fields, forests, fishing and hunting. He loves nature as much as Mozart and Beethoven.
The symphony Haydn occupies an important position in the history of music, firstly because he is a symphony composer. He is not the founder of the symphony genre. As early as Bach and Handel's time, some people prepared for this field and opened the way. However, Haydn inherited the achievements of his predecessors and established the norms of symphony, so some people called him "the father of symphony".
Haydn wrote no less than 104 symphonies in his life (some people estimate that there are as many as 150). Most of his early symphonies were about life and entertainment, and the form was close to chamber music. 18 only absorbed more achievements of Beide School in 1970s, with profound content, classical style and often serious humor. For example, Symphony No.45 (A Farewell, 1772) is said to be written to suggest that the Duke let the musicians go home on holiday. Haydn unusually joined the fifth movement of Adagio after the fourth movement Allegro. Halfway through, the band members blew out the candles on their music stands one by one and left. Finally, there were two violins left, which drew a touching end to the symphony. The Paris Symphony, written in the 1980s (some people say it was written for a religious concert, while others say it was written for an Olympic concert, which is still inconclusive), has richer lyrical tunes, more vivid and interesting, and more mature orchestration techniques. Among them, the subtitle of the 83rd Symphony (1785) 1 movement sounds like a hen cackling, which is called the hen symphony. The theme of the last movement of the 83rd Symphony (1786) sounds like bagpipe dancing with heavy steps, so it is called the Bear Symphony. Symphony 85 (1785) was named the Queen's Symphony because it was loved by the Queen of France. Most of Haydn's later 12 London Symphony have warm and free theme melody and energetic rhythm, using lively and lively country dance materials and simple and exquisite polyphony treatment. Four of them got nicknames: Symphony No.94 (Astonishment, 179 1), Symphony No.0/00 (Army, 1793 ~ 1794) and Symphony No.0/0/. This 12 "London symphony" marks the highest achievement of Haydn's symphony.
Haydn created symphony, a new main melody music style, and developed polyphonic techniques on the basis of functional harmony. He abandoned the form and mystery of ancient polyphonic music and replaced it with frank and vivid musical language; Haydn perfected the form of the symphony suite with four movements, which made the four movements of the work embody a unified artistic conception and show all aspects of life. Haydn developed the structure of sonata Allegro, and often used an introduction that was in sharp contrast with the theme in terms of speed and tonality. The development department has made remarkable progress, established the development principle of short motivation, and directly inspired Beethoven.
Haydn established the principle of double-tube orchestra preparation and modern orchestration, and laid the foundation of modern symphony orchestra.
Haydn's symphonies are vivid and can remind people of many phenomena in daily life, and people have nicknamed his symphonies accordingly. Except for a few early works such as Morning, Noon and Night, Haydn never wrote a symphony with a title. The above titles such as hen, bear and surprise are nicknames added by others.
Quartet Haydn's string quartet is second only to his symphony. He wrote more than 80 string quartets (the last one was unfinished), most of which were joyful and enthusiastic expressions. More than 10 string quartets created in 1950s clearly show the influence of the classical dance suite on the arrangement of its five movements. Since the seventeenth string quartet (177 1), the form of four movements has been established, with few exceptions in subsequent works. In some of his string quartets, the two movements in the middle have been switched. 178 1 wrote six Russian quartets (178 1) such as Birds and Hello for Russian Crown Prince Paul, and used scherzo instead of minuet as the second movement. Among the six "The Sun Quartet" written by 1772, polyphonic factors increase, and three of them end in complex fugue. Haydn's string quartet began to form a "dialogue principle", that is, the narrative of the theme was divided into different parts, just like the dialogue of four people, with polyphony based on the theme harmony, which changed the mechanical state of the previous prominent 1 violin part and the other parts as thin accompaniment. Eight string quartets, such as The Emperor (1797) and Sunrise (1797), created in the 1990s, are endowed with more vivid rhythm and vitality, richer harmony and colorful themes, with romantic personality and strong folk characteristics, comparable to the London symphony.
Sonata and Concerto Haydn's 52 piano sonatas are mainly written for teaching and personal performance, most of which are relatively simple and slightly mediocre. Haydn's earliest piano sonatas usually do not use sonata form, and the last movement uses minuet. Later, Haydn imitated the sonata of C.P.E Bach, a master of North German music school. 177 1 Haydn wrote a bold and slightly sad sonata in c minor under the influence of hurricane movement. The last movement has no usual joy, but a fierce climax. In 1980s, Haydn was influenced by Mozart in melody style and structure, and he attached great importance to the achievements of Mozart's piano sonatas. The sonata in E-flat major written in 1789 ~ 1790, and the last sonata in E-flat major in the later period is unrestrained and excited, with a wider emotional range and closer to Beethoven's style.
Haydn wrote more than 20 concertos, but this is not the main field of Haydn's creation, although piano concertos in D major (1784) and cello concertos in D major (1783) are still often played. Haydn's piano trio, string trio, piano variations and piano fantasia can't be compared with his symphony and string quartet.
Haydn didn't write any famous dramatic music in other works. Most of his 18 operas are small comedies, including The World in the Month (1777), Forever (1780), Desert Island (1779) and Orlando Palladino. These operas have long been forgotten, and some cadres can't even find their scores. At present, they have been excavated and studied.
Haydn wrote many vocal works, including eight oratorios and 12 mass, among which the later oratorios Genesis and Four Seasons are the most famous. The poem Genesis is taken from the English poet Milton's Paradise Lost. 1 and 2 movements describe that God created everything until human beings, and the third movement describes that Adam and Eve lived a happy life in paradise on earth. Haydn transformed all kinds of phenomena and ecology in nature into musical images, including the cooing of pigeons and the roaring of lions, while Adam and Eve sang a harmonious and simple duet. His last masterpiece, Four Seasons, is purely a secular oratorio, and the script is adapted from the poem of the same name by the English poet J Thomson. The four movements symbolizing spring, summer, autumn and winter show the labor and joy of farmers and express their innocent feelings.
Haydn's music has immortal value because it faces reality and life, has fresh breath, is full of vitality and inspires people to forge ahead; It is also because it established the norms of classical European symphonies and chamber music in composition technology, thus forming an enduring fine tradition of German-Austrian music.
Zuohai great man Lin Zexu
National hero-Lin Zexu
Lin Zexu (1785- 1850), a few words, a brush; Minhou county people. Zuo Hai is a great man and a national hero.
Young students learn from the court and study hard.
Lin Zexu was born in a scholarly family, and his father Lin Binri was a scholar, but a poor Confucian. Chen Yan's mother is virtuous and capable, and attaches importance to the education and cultivation of her children. He was cultivated by the court at a young age and influenced by his family, forming a frugal, honest, diligent and brave character. Although the family is poor, you can study hard. One day, his father led more than 20 students to Gushan for a spring outing, climbed to the top of the mountain and saw the scenery of Fuzhou City. My father ordered all the students to recite a poem "Folding Branches". Firstly, the words "mountain" and "sea" should be embedded in the first word of the seven-character quatrain. He was resourceful and immediately recited: "The sea is vast and the sky is shore, and I am the peak at the top of the mountain." His father touched his head and said, "Don't say that my son has no horns. I don't know when he is a dragon. " Therefore, he is called a "child prodigy". /kloc-at the age of 0/4, he was admitted as a scholar. When I was 20, I got a promotion. In the same year, she married Zheng Da Mo's daughter Zheng Shuqing. At the age of 24, he won the second place in the Jinshi exam, and has experienced ups and downs in his career since then.
Outstanding achievements in official integrity
18 14 Lin zexu was edited by imperial academy and co-edited by the National History Museum. 18 16 is the deputy examiner after passing the provincial examination in Jiangxi, and is known as the "clear list" for selecting poor and knowledgeable people. /kloc-in 0/820, he was granted the suggestion of Jiangnan Road and impeached Zhang Bao, a local strongman in Guangdong. In view of the disadvantages of water conservancy projects in Henan Province, he put forward the suggestion that materials should be tightly sealed and purchased at low prices to help workers use them, which was adopted by Emperor Jiaqing. In June of the same year, he was transferred to Hangjiahutai, Zhejiang Province, reformed the old rules of the Academy, built the Moon Grave and the Tomb of Yuqian Temple, and built and reinforced the seawall to combat social unhealthy practices. 1822 used to be the ambassador of Zhejiang Salt Transportation. Starting from the six links of production, supply, sales, transportation, storage and management, this paper puts forward 10 measures to rectify salt policy. The following year, he was promoted to judge in Jiangsu province. He dealt with the accumulated cases seriously, rehabilitated unjust imprisonment and cracked down on evil forces, and gained the reputation of "Lin Qingtian"; Strongly discourage the governor from suppressing the victims who are surrounded by the government and ask for relief because of the flood, and implement relief work. At that time, "Xi 'an was famous all over the world". 1824, for helping more than 100,000 victims, he was promoted to Jiangsu Ambassador. 1825, Hongze Lake burst its banks, causing great disaster. He was ordered to rush to Gaojiayan site to supervise the work. 1845, he was released from Shanhaiguan, and served as Governor of Shaanxi but Gansu and Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou in Kunming. He won the support of the border people with the national equality policy of "no distinction between Han and Hui, which is better or worse". 1849, when she returned to her hometown due to illness, the people of Yunnan "burned incense and carried wine, and gathered tens of thousands. Women and children ran and cried, but they couldn't afford horses."
The destruction of opium in Humen resisted the British and foreigners.
He made many achievements and was praised by Daoguang. He was summoned eight times in a row and was appointed as an imperial envoy. 1839 On the morning of June 3, he presided over a world-shaking anti-smoking conference at Humen Beach. He ordered the destruction of all the seized opium of 2,376,254 Jin. Both the general public in China and foreign businessmen and officials instructed by him came to visit. This just action frightened the foreign invaders and won the warm support of the people all over the country. The destruction of opium in Humen from June 3 to 25 was a brilliant feat in the history of drug control in the world.
After the smoking ban, Lin Zexu resolutely refuted the robber logic of "the war against smoking in China started". He is far-sighted, takes the lead in making military preparations, and is always vigilant. Drug trafficking leader Yi Law openly launched armed provocation, and Lin Zexu established a solid army. From1September, 839 to1October 165438, it defeated the British invaders for seven times in a row and won the victory of the Opium War outpost. Britain clamored for "beating him before explaining" to China. 1On June 28th, 840, the British invading army, consisting of 48 ships and more than 4,000 soldiers, blocked the Guangdong sea area and officially launched a war of aggression against China. Lin Zexu is ready for the battle. He built more than 300 Humen Fort, strengthened group training and defended the country. Under his calm command, he won four victories, namely, the Battle of Kowloon, the Battle of Chuanbi, the Battle of Piping and the Battle of Sharpening the Ocean. The enemy was nowhere to be found in Guangdong and had to turn to the coastal areas of Fujian and Zhejiang. Due to the fall of Dinghai, the capitulators took the opportunity to accuse him of defeat by banning smoking. Daoguang listened to the rumor and took him as a scapegoat. On June 3rd of the same year, 10 was dismissed by decree on the charge of "wronging the country and harming the people and mishandling it", and 1842 was sent to Yili, Xinjiang.
Looking back, go to Yili.
On his way to exile, Lin Zexu looked back on the failure of the anti-smoking movement in Guangzhou and was lost in thought. He tried to brew a grand plan to change and revitalize China. In Yangzhou, he had a heart-to-heart talk with his good friend Wei Yuan, and gave Wei Yuan the Records of the Four Kingdoms he compiled, asking him to compile the Records of the Sea Countries. Regardless of fatigue, he also sorted out the methods and skills of casting guns, eight patterns of warships under the lamp, summed up the "learning from foreigners" after the Opium War, and then "made enemies". I have been defending Xinjiang for three years, bearing the burden of humiliation, but my mind is not depressed. Accompanied by San Er Yi Cong and others, he traveled around Wan Li, covering the north and south of Tianshan Mountain, building water conservancy projects and digging many "karez wells" to ensure the increase of agricultural production and income. The masses appreciated his virtue and praised him as "Lin Gongjing".
Love Fuzhou's hometown and care about the sufferings of the villagers.
During the period of 1827, we did great things for our hometown: ① Rebuilding Khan Lee Temple, which was completed in 1830 and 65438+ 10. He wrote a special couplet, "advance and retreat, close the door to the country, and Hushan Town is immortal". ② Dredge the West Lake. This time, the depth of the lake is two to seven feet. Dredge silt 17565 cubic meters, and lay stone embankment 1236.5 feet on the lakeshore, which is not only beneficial to farmland irrigation, but also a good place for sightseeing. Lin Zexu wrote a poem, "Sina pats the shore to add flowers, and the boat crosses the bridge to stay in the lotus."
1850 In May, when he retired from his hometown and the British Consulate wanted to move Guicui Temple and Shenguang Temple in Wu Shishan, he and this gentleman wrote to the Fujian authorities and made solemn representations. In order to prevent the British invaders from threatening damage from the sea, regardless of his poor health, he took several ships to Nagato, Min 'an and other places to read the situation, and suggested adding forts to consolidate coastal defense. It fully shows Lin Zexu's patriotic thought against aggression, which will be more intense in his later years.
Lin Zexu has traveled all over fourteen provinces (Hebei, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Henan, Shandong, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gansu and Guizhou) and is known as "six frontier guards and one minister for thousands of years". The anti-smoking struggle led by him turned a page in the history of China people's struggle against foreign aggression and set up the first monument in the history of international drug control. "The life and death of a greedy country cannot be avoided because of disaster." This poem fully shows Lin Zexu's patriotic spirit of fighting for the interests of the country and the nation regardless of his personal life and death.
1850, Lin Zexu died of illness in Hangguan, Puning County, Chaozhou, Guangdong. Wenzhong was buried in Ma 'anshan outside the north gate of Fuzhou. Lin Wenzhong's Book of Public Administration has been handed down from generation to generation.
The Pearl in the Crown of Mathematics —— Chen Jingrun
Chen Jingrun (1933- 1996) was born in Fuzhou. 1933 was born on May 22nd. Mathematician, researcher of Institute of Mathematics, China Academy of Sciences. Elected as a member of the Presidium of the Fourth and Fifth National People's Congress; Deputies to the Sixth National People's Congress; Member, Department of Mathematics and Physics, China Academy of Sciences.
Teenagers are determined to seize the jewel in the crown of mathematics.
When Chen Jingrun was studying in Huaying Middle School in Fuzhou, he heard Professor Shen Yuan tell the story of Goldbach's conjecture: "The queen of science is mathematics, the crown of mathematics is number theory, and Goldbach's conjecture is the pearl in the crown." This gave birth to the young Chen Jingrun's motivation to learn mathematics.
Chen Jingrun didn't graduate from high school, and was admitted to Xiamen University on 1950, majoring in mathematics. 1in the autumn of 953, he graduated early because of his excellent grades and was assigned to a middle school in Beijing as a middle school math teacher. Chen Jingrun is good at doing research instead of giving lectures, which makes him feel very distressed. But he is very responsible for his work, and he still insists on discussing mathematical theory while teaching. Over time, he finally broke down from overwork. When he was ill, he happened to get Professor Hua's masterpiece "On Overlapping Primes", which was like studying hard.
When Wang Yanan, the eager president of Xiamen University, came to Beijing for a meeting, the situation in Chen Jingrun was only known. After talking with Chen Jingrun, Wang Yanan thought that from the development of Chen Jingrun, it would be better to stay in Beijing to teach middle school mathematics, and it would be better to transfer him back to Xiamen University for research. Therefore, Chen Jingrun was transferred back to his alma mater through organizational procedures and arranged to be a librarian in the library, which created a quiet environment for him to gallop freely into the mathematics kingdom. It should be said that the success of Chen Jingrun's career cannot be separated from Wang Yanan's care.
Not a genius, but a "slow talent"
In the library of Xiamen University, Chen Jingrun made an in-depth study of "The Theory of Prime Numbers" and "A Guide to Number Theory", and soon wrote a paper on "Number Theory, Other People's Problems" and sent it to Professor Hua of the Institute of Mathematics of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
After reading Chen Jingrun's paper, Hua thought he had a bright future and suggested that he be transferred to Beijing Institute of Mathematics as an internship researcher. At the end of 1996, Chen Jingrun, who had written more than 40 papers, was transferred to the Academy of Sciences and began to concentrate on the study of number theory under the guidance of Professor Hua.
In the office building of China Academy of Sciences. One day, Chen Jingrun asked mathematician Lin Qun (academician): "How do you know that the determinant of order 10 must be equal to zero?" Lin Qun told him that if he worked hard, it would be 10 year. But a month later, Chen Jingrun told Lin Qun, "I calculated it, and the result is exactly zero." Not long after, Chen Jingrun asked another question, "How to find all the solutions of a ternary quintic polynomial?" Lin Qun said it was like looking for a needle in a haystack. However, about a month later, Chen Jingrun told him, "All the solutions have been found. If you don't believe me, you can solve the equations one by one. As long as you are willing to spend time. " Lin Qun thinks that Chen Jingrun is not a genius, but a "slow genius". If he is asked to answer a question at once, he will not be able to answer it. But a few days later, he answered this question more deeply than anyone else. He can turn his thoughts into laser beams and penetrate steel plates. This is Chen Jingrun's Superman.
The Birth of "Chen Theorem"
In order to further study Goldbach's conjecture, Chen Jingrun taught himself German, French, Japanese, Italian and Spanish on the basis of mastering English and Russian. He believes that mastering a foreign language is an extra pair of eyes to observe the achievements of mathematics in the world. At the same time, I have done in-depth research and hard exploration in number theory. For example, he perfected the research results of mathematicians at home and abroad, such as "integer problem in a circle", "Waring problem" and "three-dimensional divisor problem". 1966, in may, he published his proved results in the 17 issue of the bulletin of science (1+2). Professor Min Sihe, a famous mathematician, checked his manuscript with more than 200 pages and confirmed that Chen Jingrun's proof was correct. Suggest that he simplify it. Chen Jingrun sleeps only three or four hours a night day and night, which makes him vulnerable to cold and heat. The calculated manuscript paper has six sacks. Finally, the famous paper "A big even number is the sum of the products of a prime number and no more than two prime numbers" was born. The theorem in this paper is praised as "Chen Theorem" by British mathematician Haberstein and German mathematician Li Xite, and it is the glorious culmination of "screening method". This achievement has been recognized by the world and promoted the solution of Goldbach's conjecture. British mathematician praised Chen Jingrun for "pushing mountains".
"Mathematicians' time is calculated in minutes. "
Chen Jingrun is famous for its precious time. During the "Cultural Revolution", after ten years of ignorance and madness, the rebels locked him in a small room and forced him to write a check. At night, the light was dim and he was nearsighted, so he moved his stool to the table and wrote near the light of a wire only one meter long from the ceiling. The rebels in charge of guarding Chen Jingrun mistakenly thought that Chen Jingrun was going to commit suicide. When he opened the room, he saw that he was writing an inspection report under the light. He stepped forward and shouted, "Why did Chen Jingrun climb so high?" Chen Jingrun told him, because of poor eyesight, to change. The rebel side from Chen Jingrun looked at his "check". It's all formulas that he can't understand. The rebel side got angry, tore up Chen Jingrun's calculus formula and called Chen Jingrun "stubborn".
Another short story is about the meeting of his eldest brother Chen Jingtong and Chen Jingrun. Chen Jingrun lost his mother when he was young, and his eldest brother Chen Jingtong and elder sister Chen Ruizhen took good care of him, so Chen Jingtong occupied an important position in Chen Jingrun's mind. Chen Jingtong visits his younger brother every time he goes to Beijing for a meeting. Once, because I felt it was inconvenient to find my brother's residence in Zhongguancun, I asked him to meet him at his hotel. Unexpectedly, Chen Jingtong was temporarily invited by a friend to climb the Great Wall. Because of the traffic jam, he didn't come back on time, which caused Chen Jingrun to wait in the hotel for half an hour. Meanwhile, Chen Jingrun had to take out the math magazine he carried with him and read it. The two waitresses looked at the plain-dressed guest and whispered, "Look at his split leather shoes. People who wear socks of different colors can still read foreign languages ... "Just then, Chen Jingtong came back. Chen Jingrun's greeting to his brother was a rude criticism: "You wasted so much time. Do you know that my time is calculated by minutes? " Chen Jingtong knew his brother's mood very well, and quickly explained that it was traffic, not other reasons. Chen Jingrun's face turned from cloudy to sunny, and the two brothers were telling their worries affectionately.