Galileo (1564-02-15-1642-01-08). Italian mathematician, physicist, astronomer and pioneer of scientific revolution.
Galileo's major works include Star Messenger, Letters about Sunspots, Dialogue between Ptolemy and Copernicus, Dialogue and Mathematical Proof about Two New Sciences and Tester.
In history, he first integrated mathematics, physics and astronomy on the basis of scientific experiments, expanding, deepening and changing human understanding of material movement and the universe.
Galileo summed up the law of free fall, the law of inertia and Galileo's theory of relativity from experiments. Thus overthrew many hypotheses of Aristotle's physics, laid the foundation of classical mechanics, refuted Ptolemy's geocentric theory, and strongly supported Copernicus' Heliocentrism.
He overthrew the purely speculative traditional view of nature with systematic experiments and observations, and created a modern science with a strict logical system based on experimental facts. Therefore, it is known as "the father of modern mechanics" and "the father of modern science". His work laid the foundation for Newton's theoretical system? .
Galileo advocated the research method of combining mathematics with experiment, which is the source of his great achievements in science and his most important contribution to modern science.
Galileo believed that experience was the only source of knowledge, advocated the study of natural laws by experimental-mathematical methods, and opposed the mysterious speculation of scholasticism. I firmly believe that the book of nature is written in mathematical language, and only the shape, size and speed that can be attributed to quantitative characteristics are the objective attributes of objects. He was the first person to observe celestial bodies through a telescope, and achieved a lot.
Galileo played an important role in the development of natural science and world outlook in the17th century. Experimental science, which began with Galileo and Newton, is the beginning of modern natural science.
Extended data:
Scientific standpoint
Galileo believed that experience is the only source of knowledge, and he was convinced that the book of nature was written in mathematical language, and only the shape, size and speed that can be attributed to quantitative characteristics are the objective attributes of objects. Galileo played an important role in the development of natural science in the17th century, which changed people's understanding of material movement and the universe. Galileo devoted his life to proving and spreading Copernicus' Heliocentrism.
He was persecuted by the church and imprisoned for life. He initiated modern science based on experimental facts and strict logic system.
Galileo's scientific discovery occupies an extremely important position not only in the history of physics, but also in the whole history of science. He not only corrected the wrong view of Aristotle who ruled Europe for nearly two thousand years, but also created a new method to study natural science.
In summing up his scientific research methods, Galileo said, "This is the first time to open the door for a new method, which will bring many wonderful results and will win many people's attention in the next few years." Later, Huygens continued Galileo's research work, and he derived the periodic formula of simple pendulum and centripetal acceleration's mathematical expression.
After systematically summarizing the work of Galileo and Huygens, Newton got the law of universal gravitation and Newton's three laws of motion. Galileo's spiritual wealth left to future generations is precious. Einstein once commented: "Galileo's discovery and the scientific reasoning method he used are one of the greatest achievements in the history of human thought, marking the real beginning of physics!"
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Galileo Galileo