Knowledge points of history: 1. Establishment of major countries
Founding time, founder, national capital.
Before the summer of 2070, Yujie Yangcheng
Shang Dynasty 1600 Tang Yibo, Yin
Zhou Youwang, Zhou Wuwang, a beautiful scene, BC 1046.
Xianyang, Ying Zheng, 22 1 year before Qin dynasty.
In 206 BC, Liu bang Chang' an
Wei 220 Cao Pi Luoyang
Liu Bei Chengdu in Shu 22 1
In 222, Sun Quan Jianye
2. The main political system in ancient times
Franchise system: the way of producing primitive social leaders: hereditary system of the throne: starting from the biography of Yu Xia
Enfeoffment system: the Western Zhou Dynasty began; Centralized system: initiated by Qin dynasty, including emperor system, three metric system and county system.
3. Five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period: Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang.
4. Seven Heroes of the Warring States: Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han.
5. Titles and figures
Shennong: Emperor Yan; The ancestors of human beings in China: Emperor Yan and Yellow Emperor; Dayu: Yu
Medical sage: Zhang Zhongjing; Imperial doctor: Hua tuo; Book sage: Wang Xizhi
6. People and achievements
Li Bing, Dujiangyan, Zhang Qian, Cai Lun, Improving Papermaking, Zhang Zhongjing, Treatise on Febrile Diseases.
Hua Tuo: Ma Feisan Sima Qian: Historical Records Zu Chongzhi: Pi: Qi Shu
Li Daoyuan: Notes on Water Classics; Wang Xizhi: Preface to Lanting; Gu Kaizhi: A history of women, a picture of Luoshen.
7. The main schools and representatives in the Warring States Period.
Mohism: Mozi Confucianism: Mencius Taoism: Zhuangzi Legalism: Han Feizi
Every learning stage requires us to master the basic knowledge, and it is very important to sort out these basic knowledge when reviewing before the exam. After learning the basic knowledge of English for a semester, I often feel "cutting constantly, reasoning is still chaotic", but because of "chaos", it is necessary to tidy it up. We can sort out the basic knowledge we have learned this semester as follows:
Knowledge of English: 1. noun
First, pay attention to countable nouns and uncountable nouns. A. the difference between numbers: countable nouns can be divided into singular and plural forms, and the plural form is generally followed by-(e) S. uncountable nouns only have singular forms without plural changes. B. Differences in quantity expression: a(n) and numerals can be used before countable nouns to indicate their quantity, and prepositions of can also indicate their quantity with the help of other countable nouns. At this time, the countable nouns representing quantity change from singular to plural, and the countable nouns representing things themselves must be plural. Before uncountable nouns, a(n) and numerals can't be used to express their quantity, so we can only use other countable nouns. Countable nouns representing quantity have simple and plural changes, while uncountable nouns have no number changes. C. The difference between modifiers: countable nouns and uncountable nouns can be modified by some and any any, which means "some", while when "many" is expressed, countable nouns (plural form) should be preceded by many or alot; Use much or a lot before uncountable nouns (only in singular form). How much is used to ask about the number of countable nouns and how much is used to ask about the number of uncountable nouns.
Secondly, pay attention to the usage of the possessive case of nouns. All cases with biological nouns should be followed by S. Method: A. Add S directly after singular nouns. For plural nouns ending in -s, add' instead of' s' after them. C. plural nouns ending in non-s need to be followed by s.d. to indicate that when two or more people * * * own someone or something, they only need to change the last noun to the possessive case, and the previous noun does not need to be changed to the possessive case. E. When two or more people own someone or something respectively, all nouns need to be in the possessive form. Note: Nouns expressing inanimate things generally use prepositional phrases to form possessive cases.
2. The usage of English determiners
English nouns are usually preceded by a(n), the, some, any and other words, which are called determiners. The use of determiners should be carefully chosen and should not be abused or mixed.
First of all, pay attention to the usage of articles. A(n) is an indefinite article, which is often used before singular countable nouns to indicate uncertain people or things. A is used before words, numbers, letters, symbols, etc. Beginning with a consonant phoneme; An is used before words that start with vowels and phonemes. The definite article can be used before singular countable nouns, uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns to indicate some people or things.
Secondly, pay attention to the usage of Some and any to indicate that "some" is generally used for affirmative sentences, any for negative sentences and interrogative sentences, and some is generally used for interrogative sentences that request or hope the other party to give a positive answer, not any.
3. Usage of personal pronouns and possessive pronouns
Personal pronouns are pronouns used to replace someone or something, which can be divided into subject and object. The nominative case acts as the subject and the accusative case acts as the object in the sentence.
Possessive pronouns are used to indicate that someone or something belongs to someone or something, including adjective possessive pronouns and nominal possessive pronouns. The possessive pronoun of an adjective is put in front of a noun or pronoun to modify the noun or pronoun. The possessive pronoun itself replaces someone or something, and then the noun or pronoun cannot be used.
Step 4 have a sentence pattern
There be structure means "there is something somewhere or at some time", be is the predicate of the sentence, and the noun behind it is the subject of the sentence. A. pay attention to the person and number of be: when the noun behind is a singular countable noun or uncountable noun, use be. When the following noun is a countable noun plural, be uses are. When an uncountable noun is modified by a countable noun, the person and number of the verb be should be consistent with the countable noun. When there are multiple nouns behind, the person and number of be should be consistent with the person and number of the nearest noun. B. Pay attention to the different usage of There be and have: there is a be structure indicating that there is someone or something; Have means that someone or something belongs to someone. When expressing the relationship between the whole and the parts, there is structure and there is often used interchangeably.
5. Imperative sentences
Imperative sentences are often used to express the mood of command, request, suggestion and so on. Its subject is you, which is generally omitted and begins with the prototype of the verb. Imperative mood's imperative sentences are generally pronounced in a falling tone, while those in a request or suggestion tone are generally pronounced in a rising tone. Its negative form is to add don't before the substantive verb, even if the verb is be.
6. Usage of prepositions (phrases)
Prepositions are generally used before nouns or pronouns, indicating the relationship between the subject and the nouns or pronouns behind the prepositions and other components of the sentence. Prepositions and the nouns or pronouns that follow them form prepositional phrases. Preposition phrases are often used as predicative, adverbial and attributive in sentences. Different prepositions have different usages, so I won't repeat them here.
7. General problems, special problems and selection problems
General interrogative sentences generally start with the verb be or the auxiliary verb do, and often answer with yes or no; Special interrogative sentences begin with special interrogative words and don't need to be answered by yes orno. If one of the general interrogative sentences is connected with an option, it is a multiple-choice question. Multiple-choice questions don't need to be answered by yes or no, but should be answered directly according to the specific situation.
8. Pay attention to the discrimination of synonyms
The key synonyms in the first semester of senior one are: a, an, one; No and no; Sorry, sorry; Its and its; Who and what; Looks like and looks the same; Let's and let's; Good, good; Very good, very good, very good; Look; Look; Look, look; And and or; Family, house and home; Use and what, which and who; One and it; Whose and whose; Put on, put on, put on; Other and else say, say, talk, talk; Arrive and arrive, etc.
9. Common spoken language and topics
In the first semester of Senior One, we are required to master oral English, including: greetings, introductions, farewell, telephone calls, thanks and responses, wishes, apologies and responses, offering help and responses, asking permission and responses, expressing agreement and disagreement, liking and dislikes, expressing feelings, asking for help and asking about the time. Topics include: talking about family, friends and people around, daily life, hobbies, cultural and sports activities, health, diet, clothing, occupation, etc.
By combing the above knowledge points, we can build a knowledge network in our minds with the basic knowledge we have learned throughout the semester, thus forming a complete knowledge system. When we sum up, we must consult the materials and notes of those knowledge points that make us feel vague, especially the magazine "English Pass" is your best assistant, and try to make it clear and easy to understand.
Chinese knowledge points are mainly to cultivate students' overall reading ability, and there are not many requirements.