biology
1. Multiple-choice questions: This part includes 35 questions, each with 2 points and * * 70 points. Only one option in each question meets the meaning of the question.
1. The following are life macromolecules.
A. Sugar, bound water B. protein, nucleic acid
C. Cellulose, sucrose, fat and inorganic salts
2. The main substances that make up chromosomes and chromatin are
A. protein and DNA
C. protein and RNA D. DNA and lipids
3. The following organisms are not eukaryotes.
① Phage ② Tremella ③ Yeast ④ Spirogyra
A.①②b .①③c .②③d .③④
4. The most reliable basis for distinguishing whether a cell is a plant cell or an animal cell is to observe whether it has.
A. chloroplast B. vacuole C. centrosome D. cell wall
5. With 0.3g/mL sucrose solution, onion epidermal cells can undergo plasma-wall separation, and plasma-wall separation occurs in the protoplast layer.
The substance filled between the cell walls is
A. Sucrose solution B. Water C. Cell fluid D. Air
6. Metabolism needs not only enzymes but also energy. The following description of ATP is correct.
A.ATP contains three high-energy phosphate bonds. B. ATP is the main energy storage substance in animals.
C.ATP is the direct energy substance of life activities. D. Mitochondria is the only place to synthesize ATP.
7. The following statements about enzymes are correct.
A. the number of enzymes is reduced by participating in chemical reactions.
B. the basic unit of an enzyme is an amino acid or nucleotide.
C. The reaction conditions catalyzed by various enzymes in the same organism are the same.
Any living cell can produce enzymes, and enzymes play a catalytic role in cells.
8. protein in organisms is diverse, and the reason cannot be
A. the chemical elements that make up peptide bonds are different. B. The types and quantities of amino acids that make up protein are different.
C. Is the spatial structure of protein different? D. The amino acids that make up protein are different in sequence.
9. In the process of aerobic breathing, the role of oxygen is
A. combining with carbon in glucose to generate CO2 B. combining with [H] to generate H2O.
C. participate in the catalysis of enzymes D. oxidize glucose to form pyruvate.
10. During mitosis, the period when the number of chromosomes in cells is not equal to the number of DNA (regardless of DNA in organelles) is as follows.
A. prophase and metaphase B. metaphase and anaphase C. anaphase and anaphase D. anaphase and interval
1 1. The following cells in the human body have cell cycles.
A. plasma cells B. egg cells C. embryonic stem cells D. mature red blood cells
12. The following statements about cell division, differentiation, aging and death are correct.
A. Cell differentiation makes the genetic material of various cells different.
B. Cell aging and death are normal life phenomena.
C. cell differentiation only occurs in the embryonic development stage.
D. All somatic cells are constantly undergoing cell division.
13. The following statements about DNA are wrong.
A.DNA is the main genetic material
B.DNA can't be the genetic material of the virus.
The experiment of C.C.T2 phage infecting bacteria can prove that DNA is genetic material.
D. DNA in eukaryotic cells mainly exists in the nucleus.
14. In the base composition of a DNA fragment, if A accounts for 32.8%, then the sum of C and T should account for it.
17.2% c . 67.2% d . 65.6%
15. In most cases, after DNA molecules are copied, newly formed DNA sub-chains are formed.
A is a fragment of DNA mother chain. B is exactly the same as one of the DNA mother chains.
C is the same as the mother chain of D.NA, except that t is replaced by U. D and the mother chain of DNA is slightly different.
16. In human secondary spermatocytes (non-anaphase), the correct genome is
A.44+XX B.44+XY C.44+YY D.22+X or 22+Y
17. The following is a schematic diagram of four splinter cell in the testis of male animals, in which the secondary spermatocytes are
18. The following statement about the relationship between genes, protein and traits is wrong.
A. Biological characteristics are influenced by genes and environment.
B. There is a one-to-one correspondence between genes and traits.
C protein in organisms is synthesized under the guidance of genes.
D. The structure of protein will directly affect its biological characteristics.
19. The picture on the right shows the cell division of a male mammal in a certain period. It is known that gene A is located in 1 and gene B is located in 2, so the possibility that the cell on the right produces Ab gamete is (regardless of gene mutation and crossover).
A. 12.5% B.25%
C.50% D. 100%
20. The black-spotted snake and the yellow-spotted snake are crossed, and the first generation has both black-spotted snakes and yellow-spotted snakes; If the black-spotted snake in F 1 mates with the black-spotted snake again, there are both black-spotted snakes and yellow-spotted snakes in F2. We can draw a conclusion from this analysis.
A. the yellow spot of the snake is dominant.
At least one of the parents of all black-spotted snakes is a black-spotted snake.
The genotype of C.F 1 black spotted snake is different from its parents.
The genotype of black spotted snake in D.F2 is the same as that of F 1 black spotted snake.
2 1. Of the following statements about gene mutation, the correct one is
A. parents' mutant genes must be passed on to their offspring.
B. The mutant genes obtained by offspring will definitely change their characters.
C. the mutant gene must be changed in genetic structure.
Mutant genes must be induced by physical, chemical or biological factors.
22. Inconsistent with modern biological evolution theory is that
Gene mutation, chromosome variation and gene recombination are all non-directional.
B. The phenomenon that gene communication between populations cannot occur due to geographical barriers is called reproductive isolation.
C. the formation of new species means that organisms can adapt to the environment in new ways.
Individuals whose phenotypes adapt to the environment have more chances to produce offspring, thus changing the gene frequency of the population.
23. The following description about the steady-state regulation of internal environment is correct.
A. all adjustments involve reflex arcs. All stable states are relative.
C. the formation of all steady States involves many systems. D. all the steady-state regulatory centers are in the brain.
24. The unpolished tomato pistil was treated with a certain concentration of auxin solution, and the results were as follows.
A. both seeds and fruits can develop normally. Seeds can develop normally, but fruits can't.
C. neither seeds nor fruits can develop normally. D. The seeds can't develop, but the fruits can develop normally.
25. In the following statements about material circulation and energy flow in the ecosystem, it is true that
A. Using manure as fertilizer, its energy can flow to plants to realize multi-level utilization of energy.
Material B is the carrier of energy, and the energy of ecosystem is recycled with material.
The carbon cycle between biological community and inorganic environment is mainly in the form of CO2.
The more primary consumers in the food chain, the less energy the secondary consumers get.
26. A stock refers to an ecosystem.
A. the sum of all mature individuals of the same species B. the sum of mature individuals of all species.
C. the sum of all individuals of the same species
27. When an antigen invades the body for the first time, subsequent cells can proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells.
A. Phagocytosis B. T cells C. B cells D. Memory cells
28. The following statement about biodiversity is incorrect.
A. biodiversity is the result of biological evolution
B. biodiversity is the material basis for human survival and development.
C Biodiversity refers to all genes owned by all plants, animals and microorganisms.
D Biodiversity includes genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
29. The growth of biological population in nature often presents an "S" curve. The following statement about the population "S" curve is correct.
The "S" curve shows the relationship between population and food.
B. the population growth rate is different at different stages.
C "S" curve shows that population size has nothing to do with time.
D. population growth is not limited by population density.
30. The following statement about ecological agriculture is correct.
A. When designing ecological agriculture, the number of trophic levels in the food chain should be increased.
B. The establishment of eco-agriculture can not improve the energy transfer efficiency between different nutrient levels.
C. ecological agriculture can achieve self-sufficiency and eliminate human interference.
D. ecological agriculture is to obtain high output of crops with high input.
3 1. "Copenhagen Climate Change Conference" once again aroused people's concern about greenhouse gas emissions, and the low-carbon life advocated by the conference was generally recognized. According to the analysis of some carbon cycle processes shown on the right, it is correct that
A. carbon dioxide is the material form of carbon cycle in biological communities.
B.③ The organisms involved in the process include producers, consumers and decomposers.
C. After process enhancement, the process is enhanced, and CO2 in the atmosphere cannot be reduced by process enhancement.
Developing new energy sources, such as solar energy, hydropower and nuclear energy, can reduce human dependence on the process.
32. The following can be correctly explained. When nerve fibers are stimulated, the process that the membrane potential at the stimulation point changes from resting potential to action potential is as follows
A.①→④B。 ④→①C。 ②→③D。 ③→②
33. In the energy pyramid of the ecosystem, the bottom of the pyramid is
A. inorganic environment producer consumer decomposer
34. Water exchange between renal tubules and surrounding capillaries is accomplished by osmosis. If the glucose concentration in the original urine flowing through the renal tubules is obviously increased and cannot be completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules, the final urine volume will be.
A. Increase B. Reduce C. Constant D. Uncertainty
35. The following statements about the reasons for choosing experimental materials are incorrect.
A Mendel chose peas for hybridization experiment because peas are self-pollinated and self-pollinated, and it is easy to get pure seeds.
B. Egg white or soybean milk is selected for protein identification, because egg white is rich in protein and does not interfere with the color reaction.
C, root meristem is selected as the material for observing cell mitosis, because cells in this area are easy to stain.
Because purple vacuole is easy to observe, purple onion epidermis is chosen as the material to observe the separation of plant cell plasma wall.
2. Non-multiple choice questions: This part includes 5 questions, each with 6 points and * * 30 points.
36.(6 points) Illustrate the relationship between photosynthetic rate of plants and environmental factors. According to the picture, answer:
(1) Figure A shows that the photosynthetic rate increases with the increase of _ _ _ _ _ _ _. In this case, it can be considered that the main influence at this time is the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ stage in the process of photosynthesis.
(2) As can be seen from Figure A, when the light exceeds a certain intensity, the speed of photosynthesis will no longer increase, there will be a stable development trend, and the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ stage of photosynthesis will be limited.
(3) The reason why CD segments appear in Figure B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) According to Figure A, please draw the curve of photosynthesis speed at different temperatures when the light intensity is A in Figure B. ..
(5) As the environmental factors that limit the speed of photosynthesis, there are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
37.(6 points) The picture on the right shows the gene pedigree of a family (□ normal male, ■ normal female, ■ sick male). Please analyze and answer the following questions:
(1) If the disease is albinism, the probability that No.9 carries the pathogenic gene is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) If the disease is red-green color blindness (the gene is represented by B), the possible genotype of No.4 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the probability of homozygosity of No.7 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) If No.8 suffers from albinism (gene A) and red-green color blindness (gene B) at the same time, the possible genotype of No.5 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
38.(6 points) The following is a schematic diagram of a group of cells in the process of animal sperm formation. Please answer the following questions:
(1) The cell shown in Figure ① is in the second meiosis, at which time there are two homologous chromosomes and two DNA molecules in the cell.
(2) The cell with sister chromatid is Tuhe. When the number of chromosomes in somatic cells of this animal is the largest, it contains 10 chromosomes.
39.(6 points) The following figure is a schematic diagram of glucose metabolism in animals and human bodies, in which a~h stands for process and ① ~ ⑥ stands for substance. Answer the following questions:
(1) The blood sugar content of normal people is generally in the range of 80 ~ 1.20 mg/dl. The hormones that keep the blood sugar content relatively stable are mainly produced by islet cells, and the relationship between these two hormones belongs to the role.
(2) C and D occur in cells.
(3) The G process is carried out in _ _ _ _ _ _ _
40.(6 points) Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) is a substance which is similar to auxin in structure and physiological function, and its physiological function is also closely related to its concentration. It is of great significance to explore the optimal concentration range of NAA cutting rooting for agricultural production.
First, the experimental principle:
NAA, like auxin, has the character of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Second, the experimental process and methods:
(1) material; Cut the semi-wood branches of Camellia plants with good growth into 5-7 cm, and the number of cuttings in each section is the same.
(2) Experiment: ① Different methods are used to treat cuttings, as shown in figure1; (2) Soak the lower end of the treated cuttings in clean water and keep the temperature (25 ~ 30℃).
(3) Record: Group division of labor, according to the experimental data, establish the mathematical model as shown in Figure 2.
Third, the result analysis and evaluation:
(1) From Figure 2, it can be concluded that it is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) If the cuttings do not produce adventitious roots, the most likely reason is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) The temperature and treatment time should be consistent, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) Select 10 cuttings in each group, with the purpose of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Reference answer
1. Single choice: This part includes 35 questions, each with 2 points and * * 70 points. Only one option in each question meets the meaning of the question.
1 ~ 5:BAADA 6 ~ 10:CBABB 1 1 ~ 15:CBBAB 16 ~ 20:DDBDB
2 1 ~ 25:cbb DC 26 ~ 30:CCCBB 3 1 ~ 35:db BAC
2. Non-multiple choice questions: This part includes 5 questions, each with 6 points and * * 30 points.
36.(6 points) (1) Light intensity photoreaction (2) Dark reaction (3) Too high temperature inhibited the activity of enzyme.
(4) See the following figure:
(5) Carbon dioxide concentration, moisture and mineral elements
37.(6 points) (1) 2/3 (2) xbxbxbxb1/2 (3) AAX is composed of AAXBXB 3/8.
38.(6 points) (1)-2 8 (2)① ③ 4
39.(6 points) (1) Insulin (glucagon) Glucagon (insulin) antagonizes (2) liver.
(3) lack of oxygen in cytoplasm matrix
40.(6 points) Duality can not only promote plant growth, but also inhibit plant growth.
(1) 300 ~ 500 mg/l NAA is the suitable concentration to promote rooting of Camellia oleifera cuttings.
(2) The concentration of 2)NAA is too high.
(3) The control experiment should follow the univariate principle.
(4) Reduce the error caused by experimental contingency.