Primary school science education edition experimental micro-course 33
Primary School Science Education Edition Experimental Micro-course (Nanchang Qingshan Lake Cai Lin from the first-line original) (exploratory experiment)
Inquiry is a process in which teachers guide students with questions, students communicate independently, interact and cooperate, ask questions in many ways and seek answers.
Science is a branch of knowledge system that reflects the objective laws of nature, society and thinking. The main performance is: find the law from the facts and draw a conclusion.
Goal: to change the overall appearance of science classes in primary schools, so that all students like science classes and fall in love with science.
In the third grade
1, paper observation P54 (pay attention to various praise methods)
Objective: To understand the thesis.
1. Introduction: Q: Which country and who first invented paper? The four great inventions are the compass (Warring States), gunpowder (Tang Dynasty) and movable type printing (Bi Sheng in Northern Song Dynasty).
A: Papermaking was invented by Cai Lun, a native of China in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Q: What kinds of paper are there?
Answer: Homework paper, book paper, napkin, toilet paper, edge paper, rice paper, cardboard, A4 paper, corrugated paper, kraft paper, etc.
Second, characteristics: Q: What are the characteristics of paper? (question guidance)
Answer: I can write, fold, absorb water, cut paper, pack, draw and sink.
Q: What can you see with a magnifying glass? (collective observation with a magnifying glass)
A: There are small holes on the surface of the paper, and there are fibers at the tear edge.
Third, contact: Q: What material is paper made of?
A: Wood, bamboo, hay, etc.
Q: There are 7 billion people on the earth, and everyone uses paper. What happens if you use a lot of paper?
Using a lot of paper will cut down many trees and bamboos, which will damage the environment.
Conclusion: Q: So what should we do?
Answer: Protect the environment and save paper.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
2. The ups and downs of materials in water P57
Objective: To understand the ups and downs of materials.
Introduction: Question and answer (guess the ups and downs): wood (floating), paper (sinking), metal (sinking), plastic (sinking), rubber (sinking), ceramics (sinking), bricks (sinking), wax paper (hanging), eggs, salt potatoes (hanging and floating) and fruits (large).
Q: What is the object hanging in the water? (Instructed by the teacher)
A: Protozoa, algae, bacteria, wax paper, etc.
Equipment: ups and downs materials, sinks and water. (grouping)
Q: Which square is heavier, red, yellow or blue? Which pause? Which float?
Answer: (guess by hand) blue, red and yellow.
Third, the experiment: Q: How should I do the experiment? (Discuss the experimental steps in groups first)
Answer: Step: 1. Use a sink to hold water; 2. Put the undulating material into the water; 3. Observe the phenomenon.
Teacher: Start the experiment step by step, take notes and draw a conclusion?
A: Conclusion: Blue is dark red and yellow is floating.
Four. Expansion: Q: Solids will rise and fall, but will liquids and gases rise and fall? Please give an example?
A: Yes. 1. Pour cooking oil into a cup with water, and the oil will sink first and then float.
2. The big particles in the air will sink below.
Q: Will heavy objects sink? (related to the specific gravity of an object)
A: Not necessarily. Big wood is heavy and will float; A big ship will float. (Because there is air in it)
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
3, the nature of the air P79
Objective: To understand the air.
Introduction: Q: Is the air visible? What is the nature of air? (guidance)
Answer: Colorless, odorless, nontoxic and transparent gas.
Equipment: beaker, paper ball, sink and water.
Q: What other characteristics does air have? Today we will explore: Does air occupy space?
A: Guess: Where does air occupy space?
Third, the experiment: teacher: the group whispered about the experimental steps, and the representative answered.
Answer: Step: 1. Use a sink to hold water; 2. Stuff the paper ball into the bottom of the beaker; 3. Put the beaker upside down in the sink; 4. Stand the beaker upright again and observe the phenomenon.
Teacher: the group started the experiment step by step, took notes and reached a conclusion?
A: The paper ball is not wet. Conclusion: Air occupies space.
Fourth, inflation: Q: (Drawing) What do you mean when two balloons are balanced and one is tilted to the other side?
A: It means that the air has quality.
Q: The syringe can be pressed in. What do you mean by letting go and bouncing back?
Answer: air is compressible and elastic after compression.
Q: What did the fluttering notes say?
A: Air will flow, hot air will flow upward gently, and cold air will flow downward. The flowing air is wind.
Q: Both airplanes and rockets can fly into the sky, which shows the nature of air.
A: The air has recoil. (reaction force)
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
4, the use of balance P82
Objective: To learn to use the balance.
I. Introduction: Q: Do you know where the balance is used?
A: Hospitals, laboratories, pharmaceutical, chemical, scientific research and other places.
Q: Why use a balance?
A: You can grasp the mass of an object more accurately.
Equipment: balance, weight, tweezers, hook code, dynamometer and small objects. (Unit: gram, 1 cow =100g)
Know the balance: (explain) walking code, nut, pointer, weight, dynamometer, left and right code.
Teacher: discuss the steps of using the balance in a low voice, and the group representative answers.
Answer: Step: 1, level the balance and swim to left zero; 2. Adjust the nut to center the pointer; 3, left and right yards, add weights with tweezers; (from small to large) 4. Adjust the wandering code to make it balanced. The mass of an object is the scale of the weight plus the wandering code.
3. Experiment: Q: How much does a cloth pencil box weigh? Guess first, then experiment.
A: Guess: 100g.
Teacher: Start the experiment step by step, make records and draw a conclusion.
Answer: Conclusion: The pencil case is 100g.
Fourth, expand: Teacher: How heavy are the keys and books with scales?
Answer: key 10g, book 20g.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
Below the third grade
1, use of thermometer P42
Objective: To learn how to use a thermometer.
I. Introduction: Q: There are four glasses of water with different temperatures. What is the accurate judgment?
A: Use a thermometer.
Q: What is temperature? What do you mean?
A: The degree of heat and cold of an object is called temperature, which is expressed in degrees Celsius.
Equipment: thermometer, water thermometer, thermometer, beaker and water.
Q: The mercury in the thermometer is poisonous. What should I do when I use it
Answer: handle with care. (Be careful)
Q: What kind of thermometer is used to measure the water temperature?
A: Water temperature meter.
Third, the experiment: Q: Discuss the experimental steps in a low voice, and the representative will speak. (encourage)
Answer: Step: 1, handle with care; 2. The vacuole is in water; 3. look up.
Teacher: Measure the temperature of cold water in the beaker and start the experiment.
A:12 C.
Fourth, expand: Q: What else should I pay attention to when using a thermometer?
Answer: The maximum measuring range cannot be exceeded.
Q: What else?
Answer: Hold the upper end of the thermometer, and read when the liquid column does not rise, fall or leave the water.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
2. Measure the temperature of water P46
Objective: To understand the drop of water temperature.
I. Introduction: Q: Last class, we learned how to use the thermometer. What are the methods?
Answer: 1, handle with care; 2. The vacuole is in water; 3. look up.
Q: So, how to measure the temperature drop of a cup of hot water with a thermometer?
A: It can be measured regularly, once every 2 minutes.
Equipment: thermometer, beaker, thermos bottle, hot water, stopwatch, ice cubes, salt.
Q: Does the temperature of water decrease first and then slowly?
A: Guess: Fast first, then slow.
Third, the experiment: teacher: discuss the experimental steps in a low voice, representing the answer.
A: Steps: 1. Pour 70-60 C water into a beaker; 2. Leave the bubble face of the thermometer down in the water for 30 seconds; 3. Head-up reading.
Teacher: Do a test every 2 minutes, take notes and start the experiment.
A: Phenomenon: The temperature is 65 C 57 C 51C 47 C 45 C.
Time begins 2 4 6 8
Conclusion: The temperature drop of water is: first fast and then slow.
4. Unfolding: Q: At what temperature does water freeze?
Answer: (measure the ice in the beaker with a thermometer) 0℃.
Q: Will the temperature drop if there is more salt in the ice?
A: (Salt test) will drop.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Five: summary.
3. Method of accelerating water evaporation P55
Objective: To master the method of accelerating water evaporation.
I. Import: Q: The wet clothes left at home are dry. Where did the water go?
A: It was evaporated.
Q: What is evaporation?
The process of water changing into steam is called evaporation.
Equipment: alcohol lamp, spoon, beaker, water and matches.
Q: What are the ways to accelerate water evaporation? (question guidance)
Answer: Heating, increasing wind speed, increasing area and drying air.
Q: How to experiment with heating?
Answer: Fill the water with a spoon and bake it on an alcohol lamp.
Third, the experiment: teacher: group discussion steps, representatives answer.
Answer: Step: 1, light the alcohol lamp; 2. Fill the water with a spoon and bake it on an alcohol lamp; 3. Observe the phenomenon.
Teacher: Start the experiment, pay attention to wrap the handle of the spoon with paper and answer the conclusion.
A: When white gas comes out, heating can accelerate evaporation.
IV. Expansion: Q: How to prove other methods of accelerating evaporation?
Answer: increase the wind speed: wet your hair with a hair dryer and it will dry easily.
Increase the area: use large and small plates to fill the same amount of water, and the large plates will dry easily.
Air drying: the air in the north is dry, and clothes are easy to dry.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
4, the nature of the magnet P64
Objective: To understand the properties of magnets.
1. Introduction: Q: What shapes do magnets have?
A: Strip, horseshoe, round and irregular.
Q: Where do you use magnets in your life?
Answer: refrigerator door, magnetic blackboard, magnetic pencil case, door suction, etc.
Equipment: bars, horseshoes, round and irregular magnets, paper clips, compasses, pins and thin wires.
Q: What are the characteristics of magnets? (through experiments and guidance)
Answer: It can absorb iron, and the magnetism will magnetize (conduct electricity), and it can penetrate objects. It has two poles, and the magnetic force between them is large, but there is no magnetic force in the middle. (South S, North N) Image poles repel each other, and unlike image poles attract each other, they can guide and overlap and increase the magnetic force.
Third, the experiment: teacher: the group experiment proves that the experiment began and recorded.
Answer: Step: 1, hold the paper clip with a bar magnet; (Absorbing iron, conducting electricity and permeating) 2. Absorb paper clips at both ends and in the middle, and judge the magnetic poles with a compass; 3. Do repulsion and attraction experiments with two bar magnets; 4. Overlapping circular magnets will increase the magnetic force.
Fourth, expansion: Q: What was the name of the compass in the Warring States Period?
A: It's called Sina. (Guide to Spoon Handle)
Q: How to make a simple compass? (The north is the geomagnetic south pole and the south is the geomagnetic north pole)
Answer: the magnetized needle is tied with a thin wire in the middle and can be guided.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
In the fourth grade,
1, wind vane P9
Objective: To learn how to make a simple weather vane.
1. Introduction: Q: What is the wind direction?
A: The direction of the wind.
Q: What do you mean by all directions?
A: East, south, west, north, northeast, southeast, northwest and southwest.
Equipment: cardboard, scissors, straws, transparent glue, pins, pencils with erasers.
Teacher: Discuss the steps of making weather vane in groups and answer them.
Answer: Step: 1. Cut the cardboard into arrows. 2. Both ends of the inserted straw are fixed with transparent glue; Insert a pin through the midpoint of the straw into the eraser of the pencil.
Third, production: teacher: start production in groups, pay attention to division of labor and cooperation, and don't litter.
Health: Make a weather vane step by step.
Teacher: Be careful not to insert the pin too tightly.
Fourth, expansion: division: take the wind vane to line up outside and go to the playground to measure the wind direction.
A: (Holding up the measurement) Today is the northwest wind.
Q: What is the approximate wind speed?
A: (According to the shaking of leaves) Level 2.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary. (outdoor)
2. How does the substance dissolve P25 in water?
Objective: To understand the dissolution of potassium permanganate in water.
I. Introduction: Q: Which objects can be dissolved in water?
A: Salt, sugar, vinegar, alcohol, glue, etc.
Q: Do you want to know how objects dissolve in water?
A: Yes!
Second, equipment: eight groups of small bottles of potassium permanganate, small spoons, beakers and water.
Q: What does potassium permanganate look like?
A: Black-purple, granular, like coal.
Teacher: Potassium permanganate is a disinfectant and a chemical used for the first time in primary schools. The group discussed the experimental steps of potassium permanganate dissolution and answered them.
Answer: Step: 1. Fill a beaker with water; 2. Put a little potassium permanganate into the water with a small spoon; 3. Observe the phenomenon.
Experiment: Teacher: Start the experiment step by step, pay attention to observation and express the phenomenon.
A: Purple liquid is scattered around like a cloud.
Q: How can potassium permanganate deposited at the bottom of the cup be dissolved?
A: Stir with a small spoon.
Fourth, expand: Q: How do salt and sugar dissolve in water?
A: The white mist liquid slowly spreads around.
Q: Are liquids and gases soluble in water? Please give an example?
A: Part of it is. Such as vinegar, wine and air, soda and so on.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
3. Quick and slow dissolution P3 1
Objective: To understand the method of accelerating dissolution.
I. Introduction: Q: Add a little salt to the water, and the salt will soon dissolve; Will adding more salt slow down?
A: It will slow down.
Q: What is saturation?
A: It can no longer be dissolved. (Dissolution reaches the limit)
Equipment: beaker, water, salt, glass rod, alcohol lamp, matches, tripod.
Q: What are the ways to speed up dissolution? (question guidance)
Answer: Stir, shake, crush, heat and add solvent.
3. Experiment: Q: When the dissolution of salt reaches saturation, can the above method be used to accelerate the dissolution?
A: Mixing, shaking, crushing and adding solvent can speed up the dissolution.
Q: How about heating with an alcohol lamp? (group experiment)
Health: (Experiment) Put the beaker of saturated salt water on a tripod and bake it with an alcohol lamp.
Answer: The precipitated salt is dissolved, which can accelerate the dissolution.
Fourth, expansion: Q: How many grams of salt can be dissolved in 100 ml of water?
A: About 36 grams.
Q: Will salt and water evaporate together?
A: No, it will be separated.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
4, the use of alcohol lamp P37
Objective: To know how to use alcohol lamp correctly.
1. Introduction: Q: What parts does the alcohol lamp consist of?
Answer: lamp pot, alcohol, wick, flame core, internal flame, external flame, lamp holder.
Q: What are the characteristics of alcohol?
Answer: Disinfection and sterilization are easy to burn and volatilize.
Equipment: alcohol lamp, matches, beaker, water, tripod.
Teacher: the flame temperature of alcohol lamp: external flame 1000℃, internal flame 800℃, flame core 500℃ ..
Q: According to the characteristics of alcohol lamp, discuss the use steps and answer them?
Answer: Step: 1, turn on the lamp holder; 2. Tilt the wick from bottom to top with matches; 3, heating in an external flame; 4. Cover it with the lamp holder, pick it up and cover it again.
Third, the experiment: Teacher: Follow the steps correctly. (experiment)
Q: How to heat the water in the beaker? Observe the phenomenon.
Answer: put some water in the beaker on the tripod, light the alcohol lamp and put it under it.
Q: What is the phenomenon?
A: White gas comes out and water is heated.
Fourth, unfold: Q: Can you light it with an alcohol lamp? Why?
A: No, because alcohol is flammable and dangerous.
Q: Can you blow out the alcohol lamp with your mouth?
A: No, alcohol is volatile and easy to burn.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
Below the fourth grade
1, friction generates static electricity P2.
Objective: To understand the electrostatic phenomenon.
First, lead-in: Q: When you rub your hair with a plastic pen, can you pick up a small piece of paper (positively charged)?
A: (Experiment) Yes.
Q: Comb your hair with a plastic comb. Can you suck small pieces of paper? (Hair is positively charged)
A: (Experiment) Yes.
Equipment: plastic pen, plastic comb, wool products, balloon, string.
Q: Does rubbing the balloon with wool products generate static electricity?
A: Guess: Static electricity will be generated.
Q: How to rub it?
A: Rub one side of the balloon repeatedly.
3. Experiment: Q: What happens when you rub a balloon close to your hair with wool products? (in groups)
A: creepy.
Q: What electricity does the balloon and the hair carry?
A: Balloons are negatively charged and hair is positively charged.
Fourth, expand: Q: What other static phenomena are there in life?
A: The friction of nylon clothes will produce sparks. If you slide down the plastic slide in nylon clothes, your hands will be numb.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
2. Simple circuit P7
Objective: To understand the simple circuit.
I. Import: Q: How many volts is the big battery? How many volts does the electric light have? How many volts does industrial electricity have?
Answer: 1.5V, 220V, 380V
Q: How many volts is the high voltage? How many volts is lightning? How many volts will pose a threat to human life?
Answer: 1000 to 5000 volts, 10000 volts, 38 volts.
Equipment: battery, battery clip, wire, switch, small lamp bead, lamp holder.
Teacher: Draw a series-parallel circuit diagram to explain:
Series connection: connect the red wire of the positive electrode to the switch, then connect two small lamp beads in series, and then connect the green wire to the negative electrode. Press the switch and the small light bulb will light up.
Parallel connection: connect the two red wires of the positive electrode to two switches, then connect them to two small bulbs respectively, and then connect them to the negative electrode with two green wires. Which switch is pressed, which small light bulb will light up.
Student: Students retell the methods of series and parallel connection; Guess: Press the switch and the light bulb will light up.
Experiment: Teacher: Start the group experiment. Please raise your hand if you have any questions.
Students' experiments are guided by teachers individually, first in series and then in parallel.
Press the switch and the light bulb will light up.
Fourth, expansion: health: three batteries in series, no switch, small light beads are very bright.
Teacher: If the current is too large, the small light bulb will explode easily. Pay attention to safety.
Teacher: Draw the circuit diagram of the laboratory.
Health: Go home and draw a family circuit diagram.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
3. Seed germination P32
Objective: To understand the germination of seeds.
I. Introduction: Q: What kind of seeds should I choose?
A: Large and complete seeds.
Q: What are the two main conditions for seed germination?
A: Temperature and water. (Immersion, soil, air, sunshine)
Second, equipment: soybeans, beakers, soil, garbage fertilizer, and water soaked for one day.
Q: What can be done to germinate seeds?
Answer: Fill the soil with a beaker, bury the soybeans in fertile soil and water them.
Q: How deep should the seeds be buried?
A: About 1.5 cm.
Experiment: Teacher: Start the experiment in groups to see which group of soybeans will germinate. Please raise your hand if you have any questions. (Germinating after about five days)
Student: In order to sprout their own seeds, students will ask questions and teachers will answer them patiently.
Fourth, expand: Q: If you do experiments at home, what seeds will you plant?
A: Broad beans and mung beans.
Q: What should I do with the seeds before sowing?
A: Soak the seeds. (1-2 days)
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.
4. Various methods of storing food P55
Objective: To understand how food is stored for a long time.
1. Introduction: Q: Under what circumstances is food prone to mildew?
A: Under warm and humid conditions.
Q: Can moldy food be eaten?
A: No.
Equipment: fresh fish, dried fish, canned food, fruits and vegetables.
Q: What should be done to prevent food from becoming moldy?
A: Low temperature, dry and vacuum.
Q: What are the ways to store food?
Answer: Frozen, dried, pickled, canned, etc.
3. Experiment: Q: Does fresh fruit smell the same as bad fruit? What about vegetables?
A: Not the same. It smells good when it is fresh, but it smells bad when it is bad.
Q: How to pickle fish?
Answer: Remove internal organs, rub salt inside and outside, and dry in the sun.
Fourth, expand: Q: How to pickle chickens and ducks?
A: It's the same as pickled fish.
Q: How to marinate Chili sauce?
Answer: Wash pepper, remove seeds, chop it, add salt, stir it and seal it in a bottle.
Q: Are there any scientific questions?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.