distant view

Methods and related sciences to reproduce the sense of space and three-dimensional sense on the plane Perspective in a broad sense refers to various methods of spatial expression; In a narrow sense, it refers to the method of depicting objects, reproducing the linear perspective of space and other scientific perspectives gradually established in the14th century. In modern times, due to the study of human visual perception, the scope and content of perspective have expanded. Generalized perspective appeared 30 thousand years ago. Before linear perspective appeared, there were many perspectives. ① Longitudinal perspective. Draw an object far from the observer on a plane on the object close to the observer. ② Oblique perspective. Objects far away from the observer extend upward along the oblique axis. ③ Overlapping method. The foreground object is above the background object. (4) Near-large and far-small method, drawing a distant object smaller than the near equivalent object. ⑤ Proximity method. The proximal portion is intentionally narrowed to prevent the distal portion from being blocked due to the normal perspective of the proximal portion. ⑥ Aerial perspective. The farther away the object is, the more blurred the image is; Or objects at a certain distance are blue, and the farther they are, the heavier the color, which can also be attributed to color perspective. ⑦ Color perspective method. Due to the air barrier, objects of the same color are bright when they are near and gray when they are far away.

Linear perspective is the product of the Renaissance, that is, it reproduces the actual spatial position of objects that conform to scientific laws. This method of systematically summarizing and studying the shape changes and laws of objects is the basis of linear perspective. /kloc-The painting theory of Italian painter L.B. alberti in the 5th century describes the mathematical basis of painting and discusses the importance of perspective. Piero Della Piero Della Francesca, an Italian painter of the same period, made the greatest contribution to perspective. German painter A. Diu Lei applied geometry to art, which developed the science in theory. At the end of 18, the right-angle projection method founded by French engineer Meng Qi completed the drawing method of correctly depicting any object and its spatial position, that is, the straight-line perspective method. L Leonardo da Vinci also created scientific air perspective and invisible perspective through case studies, which are collectively called perspective. Because objects have three attributes in the eyes: shape, color and volume, the perspective phenomena presented at different distances are mainly narrowing, discoloration and blurring. The corresponding perspective research objects are: ① the perspective shape (contour line) of an object, that is, the reasons for the shape change and shrinkage from different distances up and down, left and right; ② Color change caused by distance, namely scientific color perspective and air perspective; (3) The blur degree of objects at different distances, that is, the invisible perspective. Modern painting is mainly based on linear perspective, which is mainly based on focus perspective, depicting the scenery seen by one eye fixed in one direction. It has a complete and systematic theory and different drawing methods. In addition, there is a multi-focus perspective, which has a special name in Chinese painting, called vertical lift expansion method; Horizontal height expansion method; The drawing method of expanding the distance from far to near is called the far method. There are many basic concepts and commonly used terms in perspective, such as viewpoint, foot point, picture, base plane, baseline, perspective, circle, dim sum, visual center, visual horizon, vanishing point, vanishing line, center point, distance point, residual point, celestial point, place, Parallel perspective, angle perspective, upward perspective, overlooking perspective and so on.