Isaac newton discovered the generalized binomial theorem in 1665 and began to develop a new mathematical theory, namely calculus. 1687, he published the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, expounding gravity and three laws of motion. By proving the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the motions of objects on the ground and celestial bodies all follow the same laws of nature.
It provides strong theoretical support for Heliocentrism. In mechanics, the conservation principle of momentum and angular momentum is expounded and Newton's law of motion is put forward. In optics, he invented reflecting telescope, and based on the observation that a prism diverges white light into the visible spectrum, he developed the color theory. The cooling law is also expressed systematically, and the sound speed is studied. Newton method was proposed to approximate the zero point of function, and he died on March 3 1, 1727.
Young Newton's time
1642 On Christmas Eve, Newton was born in a farmer's family in Walsop, Lincolnshire, England. Newton was a premature baby, weighing only 3 pounds at birth. Both the midwife and his parents are worried about whether he will survive. No one expected that this seemingly insignificant little thing would become a giant of science and live to be 85 years old.
Three months before Newton was born, his father died. His mother remarried when he was two years old. Newton was raised by his grandmother from then on. 1 1 years old, Newton returned to his mother after her husband died. Newton was sent to a public school at the age of five, and entered a middle school at the age of 12.
Newton was not a child prodigy when he was a teenager. He has average qualifications and average grades, but he likes reading books, reading books that introduce various simple mechanical model making methods, and being inspired by them, he makes some strange gadgets by himself, such as windmills, wooden clocks, folding lanterns and so on. A windmill is being built near the pharmacist's house. After understanding the mechanical principle of windmill, Newton made a small windmill himself. It is not the wind that drives his windmill, but the animals.
He tied the mouse to a treadmill with wheels, and then put a corn in front of the wheel, just out of the mouse's reach. The mouse wants to eat corn, so it keeps running, so the wheel keeps turning. He also made a small water clock. Every morning, the water bell will automatically drop water on his face to wake him up.
Later, forced by life, his mother asked Newton to drop out of school and farm at home. But Newton was not interested in agriculture, so he buried a book whenever he had the chance. Every time, when his mother told him to go to the market with his servant and get familiar with the business, he begged the servant to go shopping alone, while he hid behind a tree and read a book.
Once, Newton's uncle became suspicious and followed Newton to the listed town. He found his nephew sprawled on the grass, absorbed in a math problem. Newton's studious spirit touched his uncle, so he persuaded his mother to let Newton return to school. Newton went back to school and drew nutrition from books.
Student Newton
Newton/Kloc-entered Cambridge University at the age of 0/9 and became a fee-reducing student at Trinity College. He pays his tuition by doing housework for the university. Here, Newton began to contact a large number of natural science works, and often attended various lectures held by the college, including geography, physics, astronomy and mathematics. Isaac Barrow, Newton's first professor, was a learned scholar. The scholar had a unique vision and saw that Newton had profound observation and keen understanding.
So he taught Newton all his mathematical knowledge, including the method of calculating the area of curve graphics, and led Newton to the research field of modern natural science. Newton later recalled: "Dr. Barrow taught courses in kinematics at that time, and perhaps it was these courses that prompted me to study this problem."
Newton relied heavily on teaching himself mathematics at that time. He studied Euclid's Elements of Geometry, Descartes' Geometry, Wallis' arithmetica infinitorum, Barrow's lectures on mathematics and the works of many mathematicians.
Among them, Descartes' Geometry and Wallis' arithmetica infinitorum had a decisive influence on Newton and led him to the forefront of mathematics at that time-analytic geometry and calculus. 1664, Newton was elected as Barrow's assistant, and the next year, the Council of Cambridge University passed the decision to grant Newton a bachelor's degree.
Just as Newton was preparing to stay in school for further study, a serious plague swept through Britain, so Cambridge University closed and Newton left school for home. The quiet environment in his hometown made his thoughts spread their wings and fly, with the whole universe as a barrier. This short time became the golden age of Newton's scientific career, and his three great achievements: calculus, gravitation and optical analysis were conceived and formed at this time. It can be said that Newton at this time has begun to describe the blueprint of most scientific creations in his life.
Newton in his later years
With the improvement of scientific prestige, Newton's political status has also been improved. 1689 was elected as a university representative in the National Assembly. As a congressman, Newton gradually began to alienate the science that brought him great achievements. From time to time, he expresses his disgust at the field he represents. At the same time, he spent a lot of time arguing with Hooke, Leibniz and other famous contemporary scientists about the priority of science.
Newton lived a splendid life in London in his later years. 1705, he was made an aristocrat by Queen Anne. Newton was very rich at this time and was generally regarded as the greatest scientist alive. He was the chairman of the Royal Society. During his twenty-four years in office, he ruled the society with an iron fist. No one can be elected without his consent.
In his later years, Newton began to devote himself to theological research. He denied the guiding role of philosophy, sincerely believed in God, and buried himself in writing theological works. When he met the inexplicable celestial movement, he put forward the argument that "God is the first driving force". He said, "God rules all things, and we are his servants, so we fear him." .
In fact, Newton also believed in God in his early years. Newton spent his whole life trying to prove that God created a perfect world, but the mystery can only be understood by a few wise people. And he himself is the chosen son.
1727 On March 20th, the great isaac newton passed away. Like many other outstanding Englishmen, he was buried in Westminster Abbey. His tombstone is engraved with the words: Let people cheer that there was such a great human glory in the world.