macaque
At present, scientists have conclusive evidence that primates have counting ability similar to humans. For example, the researchers set up two computer monitors to display two sets of highlights respectively. When these bright spots are large, the accuracy of calculating these bright spots is very similar between macaques and college students.
chicken (as food)
Scientists' experiments show that newborn chicks are born with counting ability. The research team found that when chickens use balls or pieces of paper as toys, they can simply calculate numbers, and they are very sensitive to the increase or decrease of balls and make noises.
Red-backed salamander
Claudia Uller, a psychologist at the University of Essex in the United Kingdom, discovered that a local red-backed salamander had counting ability when working in Louisiana. In the test, Yule used two test tubes containing fruit flies. Red-backed salamander can distinguish 1, 2 and 3, but can't distinguish 3 and 4. At the same time, the red-backed salamander can distinguish a large number of fruit flies. In the study, Yule and his colleagues increased the number of fruit flies to 16. Although they can identify a large number of fruit flies in a single test tube, if two test tubes are put together, if the number of fruit flies in each test tube is similar, they can't identify them, and they can only identify them when the ratio of the number of fruit flies in the two test tubes is 1-2 times.
horse
At the beginning of the 20th century, a German horse named clever Hans amazed Europeans. It turns out that this horse can calculate and answer some math questions. However, subsequent scientific tests showed that the horse's counting ability was only subconsciously prompted by its trainer, not the actual counting ability.
American black duck
American black ducks can distinguish their eggs from those of other black ducks. In order to prevent other black ducks from laying eggs in their nests and letting them hatch, female black ducks can count how many eggs they have laid and ignore the eggs that suddenly appear.
gambusia
Mosquito-eating fish also have the ability to count. Christian Agrillo of the University of Padua and his colleagues found that mosquito-eating fish can identify swimming fish, and they can count up to 16 fish. However, mosquito-eating fish can actually identify fish with a difference of 1-2 times, and they can accurately calculate smaller numbers to distinguish 1, 2, 3, 4.
lemur
Elizabeth Brannon, a psychologist at Duke University, is also in charge of the research on lemurs' recognition ability, including demonstrating their digital recognition ability.
Brannon conducted mixed tests on the computer touch screen, including physical experiments and sequential experiments. She found that the expression of numerical values by lemurs conforms to Weber's law. At the same time, brannon also found that lemurs can express order relations and sort numbers according to size, which is very similar to monkeys.
bee
Bees are the first insects that can distinguish numbers. The latest research by You Jurgen Tautz, a biologist at the University of Wü rzburg, and his colleagues shows that bees can recognize 1 and 2 from their geometric shapes. In the experiment, Tautz rewarded bees with sugar, and the results showed that bees could also recognize the differences between 2 and 3, 3 and 4, 4 and 5.
In short, any animal can be "proficient in mathematics" as long as it is trained.