Mikhail Sadovanu (Mikhail Sadoveanu1880165438+1October 5, Pushkani-19610/Kloc-)

An outstanding leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania, the most famous writer, storyteller, novelist, litterateur, essayist and scholar in Romania in the first half of the 20th century, an outstanding national activist, left-wing social activist, democratic patriot, leader of Romania's * * * economic association and close partner of Romania's * * * production party.

Former Speaker of the Senate of the Kingdom of Romania, Speaker of the National Assembly, Speaker of the Romanian People and National Assembly, Vice Chairman and Acting Chairman of the Presidium of the Romanian National Assembly, and Chairman of the Romanian Writers' Union. Academician of Romanian Academy of Sciences. 1947,65438+February 30th-1948, April 13 and1958,65438+1October 7th-1/kloc. He has created more than 100 literary works in his life, and is also one of the most prolific writers in the world.

Chinese name: Mikhail Sadovi Anu.

Mbth: MihailSadoveanu

Alias: MihaidinPa_cani, M.S.Cobuz

Nationality: Romania

Ethnic composition: Romanian

Place of birth: Pascani, Yashi County, Kingdom of Romania

Date of birth: 1880 1 1.5.

Date of death: 196110/October19.

Occupation: writer, scholar, journalist, translator, poet, civil servant, activist, politician.

Graduate School: University of Bucharest

Belief: Orthodox Church

Major achievements: Romanian great writers

Masterpiece: Selected Works of Sadovianu.

Public office: Speaker of the Romanian Grand National Assembly

Public office: Vice-President of the Presidium of the Romanian Grand National Assembly.

Degree: Doctor.

Academic title: Academician of Romanian Academy of Sciences

Honorary title: socialist labor hero

biography

family background

1880 1 1.5 was born in Pushkani, Yaxi County, West Moldavia, northern Romania. My father's family was born in Otonia, southwest of the ancient Romanian kingdom. They take Sadova as their surname, and "Sadovanu" means "from Sadova". Mikhail's father Alexandru Sadovi Anu (died in 192 1) was a lawyer, and literary critic george carlin Nescu described him as "a rich man with a beard". According to Mikhail Sadowaanu's own notes, Alexandru had an unhappy marriage, which affected the whole family and he gradually divorced from public life. Mikhail's mother, Profira Ursaqi (died in 1895), came from a family of farmers and herdsmen in Moldova. About his mother, he once wrote, "She is very good at telling the mysterious and legendary story of Moldova."

Mihail sadoveanu's brother is also called Alexandru, and his wife Isabella Mortun (married Isabella Sadoveanu-Evan) is a literary critic, journalist, poet, educator, radical feminist and left-wing socialist educated in Switzerland. Her cousin is socialist activist Vasily. His other brother Vasile Sadoveanu is an agricultural expert.

From 65438 to 0887, Mikhail Sadovi Anu attended primary school in his hometown Pushkani. He often travels, hunts, fishes or thinks in his hometown. During his vacation, he also visited the village of Viersini in Milos Loviste, the birthplace of his mother. During his journey, Sadoveanu observed the peasants' labor and lifestyle, and left a deep impression on him, thus shaping his social values. After finishing primary school, Sadovi Anu left his hometown and completed junior high school and senior high school in Verdi Cheney and Yaxi. He began to write short stories and poems when he was a junior high school student in Verticini.

A beginner in literature

1896, 16-year-old Sadoveanu considered writing a biography of Stefan, the Archduke of Moldavia. 1897, he began to conceive the draft story, and published the short story "Miss M in Verticini" for the first time in the humorous magazine "Devil" in Bucharest. Sadoveanu believes that middle school is the period when he accumulated the most cultural knowledge in his life, which has a great influence on his later works. From 65438 to 0900, according to his father's request, Sadovi Anu entered the Law School of Bucharest University to study law, but he was not interested in law at all. 190 1 year, she married Lena Baru of eckart and settled in Verticini. There, he began to write short stories and realistic essays and embarked on the road of professional writers.

1903 After his military service, he accepted the invitation of the famous poet Stefan Octavian Joseph and began to cooperate with the authoritative literary magazine The Cultivator, which was then led by the famous historian and critic Nicola Iorga. 65438+ In February of the same year, introduced by historian Vasily Parvin, he also participated in the publication of the newspaper The Will of the Country owned by Romanian National Liberal Party leader Vintila Bratianu.

Show one's edge

1904, Sadovi Anu returned to Bucharest to settle down and published four works, The Story, The Eagle Bird, The Painful Pain and The Hotel of Master Preku, which started his prolific literary career for more than half a century and his cooperation with Minerva Publishing House. Due to great economic pressure, Sadoveanu had to be a scribe. 1906 won the Romanian academy of sciences award and began to publish articles in Romanian life magazine. In the same year, he was the editor-in-chief of The Cultivator magazine. He is also an assistant to Spiru haret, the reform-minded Minister of Education in the cabinet of the National Liberal Party of Prime Minister Jan Ionel Bratianu. During this period, enlightenment education was carried out among farmers, so it was accused by the reactionary authorities as the "instigator" of the 1907 peasant uprising. 1907 When the Romanian peasant uprising broke out, Sadovi Anu stood by the peasants, sympathized with them, wrote short stories about them, and strongly condemned the Bratianu government's bloody suppression of them. In the 1920s and 1930s, his works described many farmers, fishermen, workers and ordinary citizens who resisted exploitation and oppression. However, the peasants' resistance took the form of escaping into the forests of Shan Ye and becoming outlaws. For example, the collection of short stories Ankuta Inn (1928) describes their stories.

1908- 1909, as a professional writer, Mikhail Sadovi Anu, together with Cincinat Pavelscu and Dimitri Angel, founded the Romanian Writers Association, which was held in191kloc-0/September,/. During this period, he collected and arranged Romanian folk poems and folklore stories. 19 10 translated "Philosophy of Art" by French Ipo Park Rongsu Dolf Danner (19 century French outstanding literary critic, historian, art historian, literary theorist, philosopher and aesthetician). 1911110 resigned as the chairman of the writers' association in October, but still retained the positions of member and inspector of the leading committee of the writers' association. 19 13 During the Second Balkan War, Sadoveanu served in Verticini's 15 Infantry Regiment and obtained the rank of captain. After the war, he returned to the literary world and became good friends with the famous poet and humorist George Topachanu. From1914-1915, they started a cultural journey together with other writers, during which they created and published a series of literary works.

1916-1917 Romania participated in the first world war and was invaded by the allies (Germany, Austria, Bulgaria and Turkey). At that time, Sadoveanu lived in Moldavia and experienced the Battle of Romania. Sadoveanu shuttled between the pro-German friends of Romanian newspaper Al Hayat, expressing his belief that war is painful and welcoming the commitment of the Allied Forces to Romania. 19 18, Sadovianu was re-elected as the president of Romanian Writers Association. In the same year, as a member of the Romanian delegation, he signed the Bucharest Treaty with the allied forces, and as an army reservist, he carried out propaganda work in the areas controlled by the Romanian allied forces. He also co-founded Literary Records magazine with Topachanu, who has just been released from a Bulgarian prison camp. After the war, Sadoveanu settled in Yaxi. During this period, he also founded and edited People's Messenger magazine with left-wing intellectuals Vasily Morton and Artur Grovi.

Literary leaders and politics

192 1 year, Mikhail Sadovi anu was elected as an academician of Romanian Academy of Sciences and became a leading figure in Romanian literature. In the 1920s, mihail sadoveanu traveled all over Romania, and the mountains, plains and scenic spots of his motherland inspired him to create constantly, especially the Romanian Orthodox Monastery of Varatique, Agapia Monastery and Nyamz Fortress. From 65438 to 0923, he started a series of hunting trips, together with Topacinu, Demosten Botez and other members of Romanian life. From 65438 to 0927, Sadoveanu visited Alesh River (a tributary of Mures River) in Transylvania and was deeply attracted by its charming scenery. He also took the Orient Express to visit Holland. In 1925 and 1929, The Floating Mill and Sincere Jody were published successively, which were well received. From 65438 to 0930, Sadoveanu and Toparceanu worked with educator Stan to write primary school textbooks.

1926, after a period of hesitation, Sadovi Anu joined the People's Party led by his good friend, famous poet and social activist Octavian Goga, and later joined the Romanian National Peasant Party together with Goga. In the general election of 1927, he was elected as a member of the National Assembly of Bihor constituency in Transylvania, and was elected as a member of the Senate in the general election of 193 1. During the period when the National Peasants' Party led by Prime Minister Nikolai Iorga was in power, Sadovianu was the Speaker of senat. During this period, he joined the National Liberal Party in Bratianu. As a right-wing party, he is the representative of liberalism and radicalism in the National Liberal Party, and is in an anti-mainstream position within the party. At the same time, he began to actively support the left-wing newspaper Truth.

Sadoveanu is a member of * * * Aid Association. From 1927 to 1930, he became the 33rd member of * * * Aid Society and the chairman of "Dimitri Kantemir" * * Aid Society in Yaxi. 1930 served as the first deputy director of dadong district of Romania. 1932 was elected as the chairman and general tutor of Romanian Dadong * * * Economic Association, replacing George Valentin Bibescu, which triggered the opposition between the supporters of Bibescu and Sadovianu in the * * * Economic Association, and they had an open conflict with the third faction Ivan Pangal, which lasted for three years. Sadoveanu and his opponents have not been recognized by "French great eastern" (the oldest and most influential economic aid organization in continental Europe, which is considered as the mother of economic aid dissemination in continental Europe). It was not until 1934 that Sadoveanu was officially recognized and reorganized as the general tutor. 1937 President of Romanian Economic Association.

From1930s to World War II

From 1930 to 1942, Sadovi Anu published his most influential works, such as The Axe, The Golden Branch, A Midsummer Night, The Kidd Brothers Trilogy, Young's Apprentice, Bai Quan and The King's Subjects. The novella "Axe" is one of his representative works, which portrays a typical image of a resourceful, brave and courageous rural woman who dares to uphold justice, describes the traditional life and customs in rural Moldova, and has a strong local color. 1934, Anu, Sadovi, completed the epic "The Biography of Grand Duke Stephen". Sadovanu is recognized as the pioneer of Romanian historical novels. His historical novels Cancer Palace (1929), The Life of Grand Duke Stefan (1934) and Godfrey Brothers (1935 ~ 1942) focus on the struggle of Moldovan people for national freedom and social liberation, highlighting Stefan.

From 65438 to 0936, he served as honorary editor-in-chief of Pravda in Romania. During this period, he published speeches and articles against extreme right and fascism, and the alliance of extreme right organizations created a book burning incident and publicly burned his works. In the following years, with the support of friends in the literary world, Sadovi Anu fought against the pro-fascist forces. 1937 In September, Sadoveanu was awarded an honorary doctorate by Yaxi University.

After the establishment of Romanian right-wing dictatorship in the late 1930s and early 1940s, Mihail sadoveanu gradually faded out of political life. He supported King Carol II of Romania and his royal political organization "National Renaissance Front", trying to prevent the fascist "Iron Guard" from seizing power by autocratic monarchy. He was appointed as a member of the King's Council, the royal legislature that replaced the Senate. 1940 In September, Marshal ion antonescu colluded with the Tiewei Regiment to launch a coup to seize power, followed the example of German and Italian fascists to establish a "legion state" system, and Romania achieved full fascism. Since then, Sadoveanu has participated in more non-political public life and cultural activities. After the publication of The Last Goodray Brothers in 1942, Sadovi Anu lived in seclusion in the countryside, built a hut and a church by his favorite Ales River, and wrote The Story of Bladou Strachelmsm there. In those years, Sadovi Anu, who was over 60 years old, met a young feminist journalist, Valeria Mitru, and started his second marriage, and stayed together for life.

Support socialism

1In August, 944, Romanian patriotic forces launched the "August 23rd" armed uprising, overthrew the fascist dictatorship in antonescu, and Romania withdrew from the Axis countries, joined the anti-fascist allied camp, and fought against Germany side by side with the Soviet Red Army. In September of the same year, Sadovianu was re-elected as the chairman of the Romanian Writers Association, and was elected as the vice chairman of the Romanian-Soviet Friendship Association on 1944 and12. After Romanian liberation, Sadovi Anu's political and cultural views have changed greatly. He supported communist party's democratic reform program and praised socialist realistic literature. 1945 In February, Mikhail Hylsa Dauvia Nu, medical scientist Constantin Ion Parhon, linguist Alexandru Luo Saidi, composer George Enescu (Enescu George), biologist Traian Sahoulescu, mathematician Dimitri Pompeiu and other intellectual leaders protested against the cultural policy of the government of Nikolai Ledescu. 1945, the Romanian delegation to the Soviet Union Friendship Association visited the Soviet Union, participated in the 220th anniversary of the founding of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and visited Soviet scientific research institutes, collective farms and day care centers. After returning home, Sadoveanu spoke highly of the socialist system of the Soviet Union. In the same year, the publishing house under the Rossu Friendship Association published the book Hunter's Notes translated by Turgenev.

1946165438+1October19, in Romania's first post-war multi-party democratic parliamentary election, Sadovianu was elected as a candidate of the National Democratic Front. At the first meeting of the Romanian Parliament, Mikhail Sadovianu was elected as the Speaker of the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Romania. 1947,65438+In February, Romanian King Mihai I abdicated, the monarchy was abolished, and the Romanian People's Republic was founded by the Romanian Production Party, and Mikhail Sadovianu's personal political career reached its peak. He wholeheartedly supported the leadership of the * * * production party and actively participated in the socialist construction of the motherland. 194712.30 ——1948 April 13 served as chairman and vice-chairman of the Romanian national assembly in People's Republic of China (PRC). The Presidium of the Provisional National Assembly is composed of Sadovianu, Constantin Ion Parhon, Stefan Voytek, Georgi Strie and Jan Nikolai (chaired by Barghoorn). 65438-0948, Sadovianu was elected as a member of the presidium and vice president of Romanian Academy of Sciences. 1948 April13 ——1961March 2 1 was elected as the vice chairman of the presidium of the Romanian people and the National People's Congress for three consecutive terms. 1958 65438+1October 7th, Romanian people * * * and Dr. Petru Groza, Chairman of the Presidium of the National People's Congress, passed away; 1958 65438+1From October 7 to 1 1 day, Mikhail Sadovi Anu served as acting chairman of the presidium of the National Assembly, together with Anton Moisescu. Until1958 65438+1October 1 1, the grand national assembly elected ion gheorghe maurer as the new head of state.

social activity

From 65438 to 0949, the Romanian Writers' Association was reorganized into the Romanian Writers' Union, and Mikhail Sadovianu was elected honorary chairman. 1950, Sadovianu was elected chairman of the Romanian Writers' Union, replacing Mikhail Beniuc, a famous poet and producer of * * *, as the first secretary of the Secretariat of the Writers' Union. 1956 at the first congress of the Romanian writers' union, Sadovianu and Beniuc were re-elected as the president and the first secretary of the union respectively. During this period, Sadovi Anu published a series of socialist realistic literary works, which won wide acclaim. His novellas Little Peacock (1948) and Mitria Coco (1949) strongly reflect the new socialist life. 1949 won the first Romanian National Prose Award. The famous historical novel Nicola Portecop Wa was published in 1952. It is a sequel to The Godric Brothers, which is based on Moldova's history in the second half of the 6th century/kloc-0, praising the people's patriotic tradition and reappearing the political struggle of that era. The characters in the works are vivid and the plot is real and touching. Adventures in the Danube Valley was published in 1954.

From June 65438 to June 0952, Sadovi Anu presided over the meeting of the Academic Committee of the Academy of Sciences and was responsible for Romanian language reform. At the same time, Sadoveanu took an active part in the world people's movement to defend peace. 1949 was elected as a member of the World Peace Council in April, and 1949 was elected as the chairman of the Romanian People's Standing Committee to defend peace in May, devoted to opposing warmongers and the nuclear arms race. 195 1 In winter, Sadovi Anu was awarded the World Peace Council International Peace Prize by the World Peace Council. 195 1 Chairman of the Constitutional Committee of the National Assembly of the Romanian People's Congress and presided over the revision of the Constitution. 1955165438+10 was awarded the title of "socialist labor hero" and the "hammer sickle" gold star medal in October. 1956, Romania began to practice limited Stalinism, and Mikhail Sadovi Anu continued to be regarded as a model of socialist cultural superiority. 196 1 was awarded the International Lenin Peace Prize.

196 1 year1year1October19th, Mikhail Sadovianu died in Wanatoli-Nyamz County at the age of 8 1 year, and was buried in Balu Cemetery in Bucharest. Sadoveanu experienced two marriages in his life, and * * * gave birth to 1 1 children. His widow Valeria Sadoveanu settled near Varatique Monastery, where she established an unofficial cultural institution and Orthodox organization, including the famous historian Zoe Doumet Reyes-Busulenga, the poetess Stefan Willisal and the nuns committed to social protection.

Cultural great man

Mihail sadoveanu is a famous Romanian writer, recognized as the greatest and most representative writer in Romania and one of the most prolific writers in the world. During his 50-year creative career, Sadoveanu has published more than 20 works of/kloc-0. Works can be divided into four types: childhood theme, peasant life theme, national history theme and natural scenery description theme. According to literary critics, Sadovi Anu is "a painter who paints nature with words because he is good at vividly depicting things". Novels such as Miss Margaret, Bear's Eyes, Wolf Island in the Middle of the River or Beauty Valley all focus on nature, but each time nature shows different characteristics, from which readers can experience wildness, friendliness, mystery or willingness to communicate with others.

In Sadoveanu's works, readers everywhere feel the influence of hometown on writers. Dudor Vianu, a famous literary critic, once wrote that "Sadovianu accurately recorded the linguistic features of the people, especially in his hometown of Moldova". In literary creation, he combined humanism with nationalism. His works are widely circulated and some of them have been translated into more than 40 languages. As early as 1930s, Mr. Lu Xun translated and introduced his short stories and praised him as a "good writer of prose". Some of his works have also been made into films and put on the screen, such as Grand Duke Stephen, The Godfrey Brothers, NeamulSoimarestilor and other well-known and well-known classic films adapted from his novels of the same name. 200 1 According to the selection of Culture Watch magazine, six works by Sadovi Anu were selected as the most popular 150. Yaxi holds a cultural and art festival called "Mikhail Sadovi Anuzi" every year. In 2004, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Sadoveanu's birth/Kloc-0, the Romanian Ministry of Culture hosted a series of exhibitions and seminars. Similar activities are held regularly in various cities. In March 2006, a writer's seminar on "Sadoveanu's Footprint" was held in Nyamz. There are streets, buildings and institutions named after him in Bucharest, Yashi, Verticini, timisoara, Oladia, brasov, Garak, Sucheva, Kararasi, Telgu Mules, Kureachuk of Meiere, Petroshani and Mangalia, and Pushkani has cultural centers, high schools and libraries named after him. In the Republic of Moldova, Sadoveanu is also listed as a historical celebrity. In 2005, the Moldovan government held a celebration to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Sadoveanu's birth/kloc-0. A street in Chisinau and a high school in Kupkini are also named after him.

main work

Drama category

Eagle (1904), short story The Withered Flower (1905), Young Gravekeeper (1905), Memories of Corporal Georgetta (1905), Time of Bain Man and the Earth (Minawa Publishing House, Bucharest Graphic Arts Society, 1906 Macedonia and the Great Life of the King of the World (1907), Evening News Story (1909), Genova in brabant (1909). Water in the Dead Sea (19 1 1), The Story of the Party and the Movement (191), and the novel Bordas Yani (1). Soymoleshti family (19 15), Gaiqiu (19 16), inherent gene (19 16), Bulgaria for 44 days (65438). Kloc-0/9), table (15, The Floating Mill (1924), The Other Side of the Dark Land (1926), Wonderful Woods (1926), Children's Stories. Stigletele (1927), Charming Youth (1928), Ankuta Inn (1928), Kingdom of Water (1928), Accident (1928). Axe (1930), Yuanfang (193 1), Santa Maria, Forest Guardian (1930), Princess Rushendra's wedding (193 1), Owl (. The Life of Grand Duke Stephen (1934), Ghost Train (1934), First Memory (1934), Ying Chao of the Invaders (1935), Selected Stories (. Children's stories (1935), the case of Eugenitz costea (1936), Jan Clean conference (1936), Jan nekuleche conference (1936), kangaroo country. Valley of Beauty (1938), Tomb (1939), Brother Gide (1935- 1942): Volume I, Apprentice Years in Shawn (1935). Persian legend (1940), 50 years after Craig's death (1940), times (1940), Wolf Island in the middle of the river (194 1), Bradu-Oriental Fantasy (/kloc)

Proletarian literature

Light comes from the East, the report of the Soviet Union (1945), Little Peacock (1948), Mitria Koko (1949), Confessions (1960).

Selected works of Sadovianu

Mikhail Sadovianu wrote a lot in his life and compiled the Selected Works of Sadovianu.

Fiction class

Portecop Wa Brothers (1902), Eagles (1904), withered flowers (1905), Nicholas's fanatical diary (1906), we are in Svahla, Victoria (65433). Haya Sanis (1908), Water of the Dead Sea (191), Somerset family (19 15), Fumo (65438) axe.

Non-fiction

Sir Ross (1907), Man and the Earth (1908), What I saw in Brogat (19 14), 44 days in Bulgaria (19/4) Water Kingdom (1928), Netherlands (1928), Asia West Tour (1936), Hunting Story (1938), Apprenticeship Years (1938).