1920, the Norwegian mathematician Brown proved by an ancient screening method, and reached a conclusion that every even number with a large ratio can be expressed as (99). This method of narrowing the encirclement is very effective, so scientists gradually reduce the prime factor in each number from (99) until each number is a prime number, thus proving Goldbach's conjecture.
At present, the best result is proved by China mathematician Chen Jingrun in 1966, which is called Chen Theorem: "Any large enough even number is the sum of a prime number and a natural number, while the latter is only the product of two prime numbers." This result is often called a big even number and can be expressed as "1+2".
Before Chen Jingrun, the progress of even numbers can be expressed as the sum of the products of S prime numbers and T prime numbers (referred to as the "s+t" problem) as follows:
1920, Norway Brown proved "9+9".
1924, Latmach of Germany proved "7+7".
1932, Esterman of England proved "6+6".
1937, Lacey in Italy successively proved "5+7", "4+9", "3+ 15" and "2+366".
1938, Bukit Tiber of the Soviet Union proved "5+5".
1940, Bukit Tiber of the Soviet Union proved "4+4".
1948, Rini of Hungary proved "1+c", where c is a large natural number.
1956, Wang Yuan of China proved "3+4".
1957, China and Wang Yuan successively proved "3+3" and "2+3".
1962, Pan Chengdong of China and Barba of the Soviet Union proved "1+5", and Wang Yuan of China proved "1+4".
1965, Buchwitz Taber and vinogradov Jr. of the Soviet Union and Pemberley of Italy proved "1+3".
1966, China Chen Jingrun proved "1+2".
Name: Chen Jingrun (May 22nd1933 ~1March 996).
Height: 1.7 1 m
Country or region: China, Fuzhou, Fujian.
Merit: Goldbach guessed the first person.
Personal information: I graduated from the Mathematics Department of Xiamen University. After teaching in a middle school for a short time, he was transferred back to Xiamen University as an archivist and studied number theory. 1956 transferred to Institute of Mathematics, China Academy of Sciences. 1980 was elected member of the Department of Physics and Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences. This paper mainly studies analytic number theory. The publication of 1966, Even Number is the Sum of the Products of a Prime Number and No More than Two Prime Numbers (referred to as "1+2") became a milestone in Goldbach's conjecture research. He is the author of Elementary Number Theory.
Others: 1999, China issues stamps to commemorate Chen Jingrun. There are also asteroids named after him.
Chen Jingrun has made many great achievements in the research field of analytic number theory, and won the first prize of National Natural Science Award, Heli Fund Award, China Mathematics Award and many other awards. He is a deputy to the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth National People's Congress. He is the author of Anecdotes in Mathematics and Combinatorial Mathematics.
1On April 27th, 984, when Chen Jingrun was crossing the road, he was knocked down by a speeding bicycle and landed on the back of his head, which induced Parkinson's disease.
1March, 1996 19, the famous mathematician Chen Jingrun was hospitalized due to illness and died after being rescued, at the age of 62. The story of Chen Jingrun.
Chen Jingrun became an internationally renowned mathematician and was deeply respected by people. However, instead of being complacent, he attributed all the credit to the motherland and the people. In order to safeguard the interests of the motherland, he did not hesitate to sacrifice his personal fame and fortune.
1977 One day, Chen Jingrun received a letter from the president of the International Federation of Mathematicians, inviting him to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians. There are 3000 people present at this meeting, all of whom are world-famous mathematicians. Chen Jingrun is one of 10 mathematicians designated by the congress to give academic reports. This is a great honor for a mathematician and is of great benefit to enhancing Chen Jingrun's international reputation.
Chen Jingrun didn't make a good claim, but immediately reported to the party branch of the institute and asked the party for instructions. The Party branch reported this situation to the Academy of Sciences. The Party organization of the Academy of Sciences was cautious about this issue, because China's seat in the International Federation of Mathematicians had been occupied by Taiwan Province Province.
The leader of the hospital replied: "You are a mathematician, and the party organization respects your personal opinion. You can write back to him yourself. "
After careful consideration, Chen Jingrun finally decided to give up this rare opportunity. In his reply to the president of the International Federation of Mathematicians, he wrote: "First, China has always attached importance to developing academic exchanges and friendly relations with countries around the world. I personally thank the President of the International Federation of Mathematicians for his invitation. Second, there is only one China in the world, the only one that can represent the interests of the broad masses of people in China is People's Republic of China (PRC), and Taiwan Province Province is an inalienable part of People's Republic of China (PRC). I can't attend because Taiwan Province Province currently occupies the seat of the International Federation of Mathematicians in China. Third, if China has only one representative, I can consider attending this meeting. " In order to safeguard the dignity of the motherland, Chen Jingrun sacrificed his personal interests.
From 65438 to 0979, Chen Jingrun went to the United States for a short-term research visit at the invitation of Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies. The conditions at Princeton College are very good. In order to make full use of such good conditions, Chen Jingrun squeezed out all the time he could save, worked hard and didn't even go back to his place to eat lunch. Sometimes he goes out for a meeting and the hotel is noisy, so he hides in the bathroom to continue his research work. Because of his efforts, during his short five months in the United States, he not only attended meetings and lectures, but also finished the paper "The Minimum Prime Number in arithmetic progression", which pushed the minimum prime number from 80 to 16 at once. This research result was also the most advanced in the world at that time.
In a relatively developed country like the United States, Chen Jingrun still maintains a frugal style at home. He can get 2000 yuan from the institute a month, which can be said to be quite rich. Every noon, he never goes to the institute canteen for dinner. It's exquisite, and he can enjoy it completely, but he always eats the dry food and fruit he brings. He was so frugal that he lived in the United States for five months. Excluding rent, utilities and $65,438+0,800, he only spent $700 on meals. When he came back, * * * saved 7500 dollars.
The money was not a small sum at that time. He could have bought some high-end home appliances from abroad like others. But he gave all his money to the country. What does he think? In his own words: "Our country is not rich yet, so I can't just think about pleasure."
Chen Jingrun is such a very modest and upright person. Although he has made a name for himself, he is not complacent. He said: "I just climbed a hill on the road of science and haven't climbed the real peak yet." I have to keep working hard. "
It's great that there are a thousand Chen Jingrun (Deng Xiaoping) in China.
Chen Jingrun, a mathematician, is an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
1933 was born in Fuzhou, Fujian on May 22nd. 1953 graduated from the Mathematics Department of Xiamen University. From 65438 to 0957, he entered the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences and studied number theory under the guidance of Professor Hua. He has been a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, a member of the academic committee of the Institute, a professor at Guiyang University for Nationalities, Henan University, Qingdao University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Fujian Normal University, a member of the Mathematics Discipline Group of the State Science and Technology Commission, and the editor-in-chief of Mathematics Quarterly. Mainly engaged in the research of analytic number theory, and achieved international leading results in the research of Goldbach conjecture. This achievement is called "Chen Theorem" internationally and is widely cited. This work, together with Professor Wang Yuan and Professor Pan Chengdong, won the first prize of National Natural Science 1978. Later, the above theorem was improved, and the paper "The Minimum Prime Number in arithmetic progression" was completed at the beginning of 1979, which pushed the minimum prime number from the original 80 to 16, which was well received by the international mathematics community. The close relationship between combinatorial mathematics and modern economic management, scientific experiments, cutting-edge technology and human life is also studied. He has published more than 70 research papers and written books such as Interesting Talks on Mathematics and Combinatorial Mathematics.
Actually, what Chen Jingrun proved was not Goldbach's conjecture.
Chen Jingrun and Shao Pinzong's Goldbach Conjecture, on page 1 18 (Liaoning Education Press), wrote that the result of Chen Jingrun's theorem "1+ 1" generally means that for any even number n, an odd prime number P', p "or p/can always be found.
N=P'+P" (A)
N=P 1+P2*P3 (B)
Of course, it is not excluded that both (a) and (b) are true, such as 62=43+ 19, 62=7+5X 1 1. "
As we all know, Goldbach's conjecture holds for even numbers (a) greater than 4, and for even numbers (b) 10+2.
These are two different propositions. Chen Jingrun confused two unrelated propositions and changed his concept (proposition) when he announced the prize. Chen Jingrun did not prove 1+2, because 1+2 is much more difficult than 1+ 1.