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# Describe the personal deeds of scientists 1#
Lu Ban made a saw.
Lu Ban was an outstanding inventor in ancient China. For more than two thousand years, his name and stories about him have been circulated among the broad masses of the people. Chinese folk craftsmen all respect him as the founder.
Legend has it that one year Luban understood a big task-building a big palace. This requires a lot of wood, but the project deadline is very tight.
Lu Ban's disciples went up the mountain to cut firewood every day, but there was no saw at that time, so they had to cut it with an axe. The efficiency is too low, and the disciples are tired every day, but the wood is still far from enough, which delays the progress of the project. At that time, failure to complete the task of slave owners would be severely punished. Luban was in a hurry and went up the mountain to see it himself.
When he went up the mountain, he occasionally pulled out a handful of weeds growing on the mountain and his hand was cut at once. Lu Ban wants to know why a blade of grass is so sharp.
He broke the grass and observed it carefully. He found many small teeth on both sides of the grass, and his hand was cut by these small teeth. Since grass teeth can cut my hands, iron bars with many small teeth should be able to saw through trees.
So, with his idea and the help of metal craftsmen, Lu Ban made the world's first saw-an iron bar with many small teeth. He sawed trees with this simple saw, which was really fast and labor-saving, and the saw was invented. Whether this story is true or not, we can get such a revelation from this story: practice makes true knowledge and research wisdom.
# Describe the personal story of a scientist 2#
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, an astronomer named Zhang Heng appeared in China. He invented the celestial globe, the meteorological instrument and the seismograph.
Zhang Heng was born in Nanyang, Henan in 78 AD, and his family was poor. However, he likes reading since he was a child. As an adult, he worked as a civil servant in Nanyang county for several years, then resigned and returned to his hometown to concentrate on astronomical research. In Han Dynasty, China had three theories about celestial movement and the structure of the universe, namely "Gaitian Theory", "Huntian Theory" and "Michelle Ye Theory". "Gai Tian Shuo" holds that the sky is above, the earth is below, the sky is like a semi-circular cover, and the earth is like an inverted plate. "Huntian theory" holds that the sky is round and the sun, moon and stars will be underground. The early Huntington theory thought that the earth was flat, while the improved Huntington theory thought that the earth was spherical. Michelle Ye said that the sky has no definite shape, but an endless space filled with gas, in which the sun, the moon and the stars all float. According to his own understanding of celestial bodies and actual observation, Zhang Heng thinks that the theory of "Huntian" is more in line with actual observation. He also made an "armillary sphere", which can accurately demonstrate the thought of the armillary sphere.
Another invention of Zhang Heng is to make a water elephant, which is the first astronomical instrument powered by water in the world. The water elephant is actually an astronomical clock that can tell the time after rotating at the same speed. The world's first seismograph that can determine the direction of an earthquake was also invented by this ancient scientist. Zhang Heng also expounded the infinite thought of the universe in astronomical works such as Lingxian, and explained the reason why the moon reflected sunlight and an eclipse occurred. His observation records of 2500 stars and the calculation results of "365 degrees and a quarter degrees on Sunday" are very close to modern astronomy.
# Describe the personal deeds of scientists # 3#
Guo Ziyu Nong asked the goldsmith to make a pure gold crown for him. After it was done, the king suspected that the craftsman had mixed silver into the crown, but the crown was as heavy as the pure gold given to the goldsmith at the beginning. Did the craftsman play tricks? The problem of trying to test the authenticity without destroying the crown not only stumped the king, but also made the ministers look at each other.
Later, the king gave it to Archimedes. Archimedes thought hard about many methods, but all failed. One day, he went to the bathhouse to take a bath. Sitting in the bathtub, he saw the water overflowing and felt his body being gently pulled up. He suddenly realized that he jumped out of the bathtub and went straight to the palace without clothes, shouting "I know" and "I know"
It turned out that he thought that if the crown was put into water, the amount of water released was not equal to the same weight of gold, and it must have been mixed with other metals. This is the famous law of buoyancy, that is, an object immersed in a liquid is subjected to upward buoyancy, and its size is equal to the weight of the liquid discharged by the object. Later, this law was named Archimedes principle.
# Describe the personal story of a scientist 4#
One day, the inventor Edison handed a light bulb to his assistant Aptom, a graduate of mathematics department of Princeton University, and asked him to calculate the volume of glass light bulb.
Aptom pondered the light bulb for a long time, so he measured it from left to right and up and down for a while with a tape measure, drew many sketches on the paper, filled in various sizes and listed many formulas, but there was no result yet.
Edison saw him sweating profusely, so he said to him, "My God, you'd better use this method to calculate!" " He filled the light bulb with water and handed it to Aptom. He said, "Pour this water into the measuring cup and look at its volume. This is the volume of the light bulb." "Hearing this, the assistant suddenly realized, so he quickly worked it out according to the law.
# Describe the personal deeds of scientists # 5#
One day, Einstein, a great scientist from all over the world, went home, thinking while walking, and unconsciously walked through a strange place. When local people find themselves lost, they want to ask others, but they just forget their home address. Fortunately, he remembered the telephone number of his office and made a phone call to it. Afraid of his secretary's jokes, he pretended to ask, "Excuse me, where does Einstein live?" The secretary didn't recognize Einstein's voice and said, "Sorry, Dr. Einstein doesn't want to be disturbed. His home address cannot be said. " Then Einstein had to say, "I am Einstein." His words surprised the secretary.
Coincidentally. A similar thing happened to Balzac, the great French writer.
Balzac often goes out for a walk. Once he was afraid that someone would look for him, and when he went out, he wrote a few words on the door: "Mr. Balzac is not at home, please come this afternoon."
He thought of a novel as he walked. A few hours later, he was hungry and began to walk home. Suddenly, he found the words on the door. He sighed with great regret and said, "So Mr. Balzac is not at home." Then he turned and walked back, continuing to conceive his novel.
One is a great scientist and the other is a great writer. Why don't you even know your home sometimes? In fact, careful analysis is not surprising. From a psychological point of view, when a person is jealous and infatuated with something, the nerve center of his brain will have a great excitement, and everything else will be temporarily suppressed. At this time, he has entered a state of selflessness, and everything in the world does not exist except what he thinks. It is entirely possible for them to forget their home address for a while. Their infatuation is the embodiment of their creative spirit reaching its peak.
# Describe the personal story of a scientist 6#
It was the American inventor Edison who really invented the electric light to make it shine. He is the child of a railway worker. He dropped out of school before finishing primary school and made a living by selling newspapers on the train. Edison is an extremely diligent man. He likes to do all kinds of experiments and make many exquisite machines. He is particularly interested in electrical appliances. Ever since Faraday invented the electric motor, Edison was determined to make electric lights and bring light to mankind.
Edison made a detailed test plan after carefully summarizing the previous failure experience in manufacturing electric lamps, and conducted experiments in two aspects: one was to classify and test more than 600 different heat-resistant materials of/kloc-0; The second is to improve the vacuum pumping equipment to make the bulb have a high vacuum degree. He also studied the new generator and circuit shunt system.
Edison tested more than 1600 kinds of heat-resistant luminescent materials one by one, but platinum wire has good linear energy, but platinum is surprisingly expensive, so we must find a more suitable material to replace it. 1879, Edison finally decided to use carbon filament after many experiments. He sprinkled carbon powder on a piece of cotton silk, bent it into a horseshoe shape, heated it in a crucible, made it into a filament, put it in a bulb, and then pumped the air out of the bulb with an air extractor. It can be used continuously for 45 hours when the light is on. In this way, the first batch of carbon filament incandescent lamps in the world came out. 1879 On New Year's Eve, Lopark Street where Edison Electric Company is located is brightly lit.
In order to develop electric light, Edison often worked in the laboratory for more than ten hours a day, and sometimes experimented for several days. After he invented carbon fiber, he experimented with more than 6000 kinds of plant fibers. Finally, he chose bamboo filaments, burned them in a high-temperature closed furnace, and then processed them to obtain carbonized bamboo filaments, which were put into the light bulb, thus improving the vacuum degree of the light bulb again, and the light bulb could be continuously lit for 1200 hours. The invention of electric light once caused natural gas stocks to plummet 12% in three days.
# Describe the personal story of a scientist 7#
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss is a famous German mathematician.
He was admitted to the University of Argentina with excellent results. Once, the teacher gave him three math exercises. The first two questions were eliminated in two hours. But the third exercise stumped Gauss, and the method he learned didn't help the problem at all. But gauss didn't give up. He thought: since conventional methods can't solve you, break the routine! Strong-willed Gauss rekindled his fighting spirit, raised his pen and began to calculate again.
Half an hour passed; An hour passed; Four hours passed; Eight hours later, Gauss became more and more involved in writing. He forgot himself and everything around him. He was completely immersed in books and wandered among countless mathematical symbols.
When the dawn appeared again, Gauss finally wrote the answer on a note and went to see his tutor.
Gauss felt very guilty when he met his mentor. It took him so long to work out the question he gave him! The teacher saw the problem and begged him to write it again in a trembling voice. Gauss finished it soon, and the tutor sighed in a trembling voice: "Archimedes has exhausted this problem ... he never solved it;" Newton's death is also ... unresolved; Euler ... there is no answer yet. What about you? ... solved the mystery of 2000 in just one night. You are a mathematical genius! "
Gauss recalled afterwards: "If I had known this question had stumped many great men, I would have been like them." Yes, if we know the difficulty of a thing, then we have a reason why we can't do it, and we can shirk it.
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