1. Persian war

It happened in the war when the ancient Persian Empire invaded the Greek city-states.

Instruct students to look at Atlas P32 ~ 33, the schematic diagram of collision and blending of ancient civilizations, and look for the Persian Empire that rose in West Asia in the second half of the 6th century BC. The expansion of ancient Persia into the Aegean region threatened the security of Greek city-states, and Athens and Sparta, the most powerful city-states in Greece, rose up and rebelled. From 492 BC to 449 BC, Persia launched three attacks on Greece, and finally, the Greek city-state headed by Athens won. Please introduce the two most famous battles in Persian War: Marathon and Salamis. After this war, the Greek city-state completely controlled the whole Aegean Sea and mastered the maritime hegemony. More importantly, the first large-scale conflict between eastern and western civilizations, represented by the Persian Empire and Greece, was also a great exchange between eastern and western civilizations, which promoted mutual exchanges.

2. Alexander Crusader

Peaceful communication

1. Arabic numerals

It can be said that Arabic numerals are a historical misunderstanding. If any students know this history, please tell us.

Arabic numerals were created by ancient Indians. In the 8th century AD, Indian mathematician Kank came to Baghdad with a caravan. Many of his books have been translated into Arabic, and the numbers he used created by Indians have also spread to all parts of Arabia. Later, this symbol was brought to the west by Arab businessmen. Europeans mistakenly think that it is the cultural achievement of Arabs and call it Arabic numerals. Now it has become a number used by people all over the world and has made important contributions to the development of world culture. It is not difficult to see that the spread of Arabic numerals is a typical example of regional civilization exchange.

2. Kyle Poirot came to China.

Why draw a dove of peace?

1940 In August, the French capital Paris fell into the hands of Hitler's fascists. Picasso, a Spanish artist, now lives in Paris. He sat in the studio all day, listening to the roar of tanks in the street with hatred. Upstairs next to Xiao Mu in his east, there lived an old man named Missy. In World War I, Missy lost his left arm. Now his son and daughter-in-law have joined the anti-fascist guerrillas, and the old man lives alone with his grandson Liu Xin, who is 12 years old. Liu Xin is very lonely and keeps a flock of white pigeons at home. He tied a wide white cloth strip on the top of the bamboo pole, waved the bamboo pole and guided the pigeons to leave the nest, fly and return to the nest. Picasso sometimes goes to the cabin with the old and the young to fly pigeons after painting, and they have forged a deep friendship with each other.

Soon, the news that Liu Xin's parents were killed came from the front. Liu Xin, who suddenly lost his parents, seems to have grown into an adult overnight. Hatred and anger burned in his young mind, and he suddenly felt that the white cloth tied to the bamboo pole was like a small white flag that surrendered to fascism. In people's eyes, red symbolizes the flame of revenge. So, Liu Xin resolutely untied the white cloth on the bamboo pole and put on a red cloth like a torch. When Picasso saw Liu Xin holding the "torch" high, he sighed: "The war has harmed Paris and made the children precocious."

However, Picasso never imagined that when he praised the child the next morning, the tired Picasso suddenly heard gunshots. He immediately got up and opened the door. Old Missy broke into his studio with a bloody pigeon in his hand. Tears streamed down the old man's face, telling a sad story about the tragedy that just happened. It turns out that at first light today, when Liu Xin was about to guide the pigeons to leave the nest, the German soldiers patrolling saw the conspicuous red cloth strips on the bamboo poles, rushed upstairs like wild animals, and severely punched the children, insisting that Liu Xin was "raising the red flag" to inform the guerrillas. German soldiers threw Liu Xin out of the window, and the child's two little hands still clung to the windowsill of the tall building. The German soldier hit his finger with the butt of his gun, and the child fell downstairs and died. Then the soldiers swept the pigeons in the cage again. Picasso stroked the dying pigeon in the old man's hand and shed tears sadly. The old man Missy begged the master to say, "Picasso, please draw the last pigeon in Liu Xin to commemorate my grandson who died tragically under the fascist gun!" "Picasso silently accepted the little dove.

At this time, the east has turned white. Picasso put the injured pigeon on the painting near the window, and a ray of sunshine just shone on the windowsill. Miracle appeared, and the white dove with human touch flapped its bloody wings and stood up with difficulty. Those are red agate eyes, shining with glittering and translucent tears. At this time, Picasso picked up a brush with indignation and drew a lifelike pigeon on the canvas. When Picasso finished painting the last stroke, the little white dove landed on the painting case and closed her eyes forever. ...

1949, a lifelike white dove was painted on the poster of the World Peace Conference held in Paris, which quickly became popular in major European cities. Seeing the vigorous flying white dove, people pray that the peace it symbolizes will come safely. In the first 50 years of the 20th century, there were two wars, and people looked forward to a peaceful life.

Picasso painted the dove of peace to express the artist's political belief of loving peace, and then to express the voice of people all over the world.