Confessions is such a work. It is Rousseau's autobiography and one of the few autobiographical masterpieces.
People who like this work think that the author is extremely open-minded and has the courage to analyze himself in an all-round way, so that the world can clearly see how he changed from a simple and kind child to an adult with shame.
People who don't like this work think that the author is extremely hypocritical. He revolves around his lover every day and even sends his five children to an orphanage. However, he keeps saying that he loves the world and has no time to love his children.
In any case, as a civilian writer in the18th century, Rousseau's achievements are dazzling.
He is known as a great French enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator and writer in the18th century, an ideological pioneer of the French revolution in the18th century, an outstanding democratic critic and a pioneer of the romantic literary school, and one of the most outstanding representatives of the Enlightenment. He is as famous as Voltaire and Montesquieu, and is known as the three great enlightenment thinkers in Europe.
This great philosopher was born on June 28th of 17 12 and died on July 2nd of 1778. During his 66-year-old life, he left us many influential works: On the Origin and Foundation of Human Inequality, On Social Contract, Emile and Confessions.
Confessions is an exquisite work, from which we can see that he has grown from a civilian to an ideological pioneer, which is closely related to his diligent and studious spirit.
He was born in a poor family in Geneva, Switzerland. His father is a watchmaker and his mother is the daughter of a priest. His mother died shortly after he was born, and he was sickly since childhood. Thanks to the careful care of his aunt, he survived.
In order to make a living, he worked as an apprentice, servant, private secretary, score scribe and mistress.
He likes reading. Before the age of seven, he and his father often stayed up late reading novels left by his mother, and then he finished reading grandpa's various books. He will read aloud to his father who works. These early reading accumulations accelerated the construction of his knowledge system.
/kloc-at the age of 0/0, my father got into a lawsuit and fled Geneva, where he was placed in foster care with his uncle.
At first, he and his uncle's son studied classical Chinese, painting, mathematics and other knowledge in the priest's house. He was hungry and said that he was extremely diligent, although his talent was average.
/kloc-started to work as a handyman at the age of 0/3. When he was apprenticed to a sculptor, he was treated rudely by his master and developed a bad habit of stealing. During this period, he read a lot of miscellaneous books.
/kloc-When he was 0/6 years old, he fled his master's house and began to wander. Because of his handsome appearance and rich knowledge, he met Mrs. Warren and Mrs. Barak ... He had many mistresses, who provided him with food, clothing, shelter and a lot of books.
He also worked as a music teacher, did land survey, taught himself mathematics and read academic monographs.
He met Voltaire and wrote the music part of the encyclopedia for Diderot and D'Alembert. 1750, the thesis "On Science and Art" won the Dijon Academy Award.
During this period, he enjoyed love while learning knowledge, which was the best time in his life.
1762, due to the publication of Emile, the French court issued an arrest warrant against Rousseau and banned his book.
From then on, he began to live in exile.
During his exile, he was still doing a lot of reading, academic research and writing.
At the age of 54, he began to write this 400,000-word confession book. The whole work was completed intermittently in his fugitive life, and he wanted to reflect the cruelty and oppression of society through his bumpy life.
"At the beginning of life, human nature is good." China's traditional enlightenment textbook "Saint Amethyst" begins with this sentence. Rousseau also described emotionally that he was also a "good-tempered" person when he was a child, but he was affected and damaged after entering the society: the social environment was extremely ugly, full of darkness and injustice, people's social status was unequal, and they were treated rudely when they relied on others, so that they stole, lied, cheated and became withdrawn ... and became a misbehaving person.
Rousseau lived in exile all his life and made arduous preparations for it. 1749 is the progress of science and art helpful to Dunhua customs? . 1762 was pursued by the French authorities for publishing On the Social Contract and Emile, and took refuge in Switzerland, Prussia and Britain successively. He died in Paris on 1778.
Read Rousseau's monologue, just like your own inner monologue.
"I was born different from anyone I have ever met. If I am not better than others, I am at least different. "
"I don't know what happened before I was five or six. I don't know how I learned to read. I only remember the books I read for the first time and their influence on me. "
We have to admire his enthusiasm for knowledge. Even when he was poor, he spent all his money on books. He was still studying when he was terminally ill.
"Waiting for death didn't reduce my interest in research, but it seemed to stimulate it more. I am eager to accumulate some knowledge for going to another world, as if I think this is the only knowledge I can take away. "
He was spurned before his death but worshipped after his death. 179 1, 65438+2 1 In February, the National Assembly voted to erect a statue of Rousseau symbolizing the Great Revolution, with the golden inscription "Founder of Freedom".
Rousseau was buried in the most central and prominent position of the Pantheon after his death. Many famous people in French history were buried in the Pantheon, such as Hugo, Madame Curie, Monet and Dumas. Among the European enlightenment thinkers, Rousseau is the only thinker who was born in a civilian but achieved great success.
Read and study! Only knowledge can give us strength.