Babylonians first applied mathematics to business. Babylon was located on the ancient trade route, which was suitable for commodity exchange and economic development. They use simple arithmetic and algebra knowledge to express length and weight, exchange money and goods, calculate simple interest and compound interest, calculate taxes, distribute food, and divide land and heritage.

Babylonians applied mathematics to the construction of water conservancy projects very early. They use mathematical knowledge to calculate the number of people and working days needed to dig canals and build dams. In addition, they also apply mathematics to determine the size of granaries and houses and the number of bricks needed for the building.

Babylonians also applied mathematics to astronomical research very early. In Assyrian times (around 700 BC), they began to use mathematics to solve mathematical problems in astronomy. After the 3rd century BC, they used mathematical knowledge to calculate the movements of the moon and planets, and determined the specific positions and loss time of the sun and the moon through the recorded data.

Babylonians have accumulated certain mathematical knowledge since ancient times, which can be applied to solving practical problems:

(1) Babylonians can solve linear equations, quadratic equations and cubic equations. In practical problems, binary linear equations can also be solved by arithmetic; (2) In geometry, Babylonians realized the proportional relationship between parallel lines and Pythagoras theorem. The area and volume of a simple geometric figure can be obtained, and a volume formula of a square-bottomed frustum can be established in a specific case. (3) In notation, there is the concept of value system, but there seems to be no method to represent zero; (4) In astronomy, they have made a series of long-term observation records and found many astronomical periods with high accuracy, although this kind of work is not scientific.

In short, although Babylonians have made some contributions in various fields of mathematics, they are not as good as Egypt in the measurement of circular area, and they often take π = 3. In addition, while Babylonia produced various basic concepts of mathematics, pseudoscience also developed, such as promoting astrology and digital mysticism, which hindered the development of mathematics.