First, the difference between tutorial system and traditional lesson plans and lecture notes
Tutorial system is a road map for students to learn to learn, innovate and develop independently. A good tutorial plan can make knowledge problematic, ability process, and cultivate feelings, attitudes and values imperceptibly. Learning plan guidance is based on students' learning, not on teachers' teaching. The key problems to be solved are "what to learn", "how to learn" and "to what extent", thus putting students in the main position and master position. However, traditional teaching plans and lecture notes are based on teachers' teaching, focusing on solving the problems of "what to teach" and "how to teach", and only emphasizing the teaching results rather than the students' "learning" process.
Second, the general principles and requirements for writing a counseling plan
The following basic principles should be followed in preparing the counseling plan
The first is the principle of subjectivity. The design of the tutoring plan is different from the teaching plan. We must respect and trust students and give them time to develop independently. As the sole owner of the classroom, students' dominant position should be highlighted.
The second is the guiding principle. The guiding scheme focuses on guiding students' autonomous learning, with clear objectives, clear processes, specific requirements and clear and practical operation methods.
The third is the principle of inquiry. The preparation of counseling plan should be conducive to students' inquiry learning, so that students can experience the joy of learning in the process of solving problems. Therefore, the design content should not be too complicated at first, but should be gradually deepened to reflect the ladder shape.
The fourth is the principle of innovation. The preparation of the counseling plan should fully presuppose the students' learning situation and meet the individual needs of different students. Therefore, the preparation of the tutorial plan should reflect personal style, be innovative, and not be stereotyped.
The preparation of the counseling plan should follow the following basic requirements:
First, a thorough understanding of textbooks is the foundation. Textbooks are the media for students to learn. Therefore, the compilation of teaching plans must study the textbooks in depth, closely focus on the requirements of three-dimensional goals, refine the context of knowledge, grasp the key points, study the internal relations between old and new knowledge and expand the promotion points, identify the key points, study learning methods, explore the laws and dig deep into emotional factors.
The second is to "re-create and re-develop" the teaching materials. The design of tutoring plan should proceed from the arrangement principle and knowledge system of teaching materials, and grasp the translation, development and secondary creation of teaching materials. "Translate" profound, difficult and abstract knowledge in textbooks into readable, acceptable, popular and concrete knowledge to help students learn more easily and effectively.
The third is to stick to the goal and implement it. The preparation of the counseling plan should focus on the unit teaching requirements and after-class exercises, and each class should set appropriate learning goals. The whole counseling plan should be centered on learning objectives and closely follow the implementation of learning objectives to set learning questions and learning processes.
The fourth is to gradually produce and emphasize the actual results. The quality of a class is not that students stay in copying and learning textbook knowledge, but more importantly, students' thinking collision, questioning, text criticism and dynamic generation in class. The classroom content involved in the counseling plan should be explored layer by layer and guided in an orderly manner, reflecting the gradual generation process of knowledge, from low to high, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, and spiraling up.
The hierarchical counseling program takes care of all students.
When designing the counseling plan, teachers are required to explain it in simple terms, so that there are problems with knowledge and problems are hierarchical. Students should be able to cross the river from the shallow to the deep, touch the "stones", step by step, and get close to the goal.
1. What is the basic structure of the mentoring program? What is the specific compilation process?
Counseling plans generally include learning objectives, presupposition of key and difficult points, guidance of learning methods and knowledge links, autonomous learning, cooperative exploration and demonstration, in-class testing and after-class reflection. Among them, learning objectives include knowledge objectives and ability objectives, and in-class testing includes basic standards, ability promotion and extension, which should reflect the consolidation, promotion and extension of in-class knowledge. In order to provide students with appropriate guidance on learning methods and learning strategies, the tutoring plan can be designed with columns such as "method tips", "warm tips" and "special recommendations".
The tutorial plan should be generated in five steps. The basic process is as follows: first, the master and the standby are "prepared separately", then return to the research group for "group discussion", and then the master and the standby are revised according to everyone's suggestions before being distributed to teachers. On this basis, everyone is "individually prepared" according to their actual situation, and finally revised after class according to their actual teaching experience. When designing the counseling plan, teachers are required to explain it in simple terms, so that there are problems with knowledge and problems are hierarchical. Students should be able to cross the river from the shallow to the deep, touch the "stones", step by step, and get close to the goal. The general guidance scheme should include learning objectives, presupposition of important and difficult points, guidance of learning methods or knowledge links, autonomous learning, cooperative inquiry, evaluation feedback, after-class reflection and so on. In line with the requirements of one lesson and one case, the right of each counseling case is important and appropriate, not too simple or too complicated, but practical and effective. In particular, it is necessary to carefully select exercises and resolutely put an end to the tactic of "asking the sea." The capacity of the prepared counseling plan should be less than 30 minutes for students to preview.