When studying or researching, we can watch whatever we like and learn whatever we like, but the so-called "thinking" here is not the case. Just like fanning the flames in the wind, it must be fanned constantly to keep the flames burning; When thinking, we must have an "interest" in the object of thinking, constantly inspire and persist for a long time. The causes of thinking interest can be divided into two categories: one is purely objective; One is subjective, and the latter arouses the interest of thinking when it comes to self-related events; The former is interested in everything in the universe. The reason why such people think, like our breathing, is purely a physiological and natural phenomenon. Of course, there are very few such people, even ordinary so-called scholars are really thinking, and the number is pitiful.
The spiritual function of thinking and reading is quite different from its interest, and the distance is incredible. Originally, there are individual differences in people's minds. Some people like reading, while others are obsessed with deep thinking. Coupled with the distance mentioned above, this original difference has become more and more extensive. When reading, all spiritual activities are dominated by books, taking pleasure in books and worrying about books. It's like putting a seal on a wax seal, and its emotions are not in its own spirit. When thinking, it's not. At the moment of thinking, the spirit is completely isolated from the outside world and moves with its own thinking. Unlike reading, it is controlled by the specific thoughts of others, but provides some information and emotions according to the temperament and mood of the parties at that time. Therefore, people who are immersed in books all day will lose their mental toughness, just like a spring that has been pressed by heavy objects for a long time, and its toughness will definitely disappear. If you want to be an animal without personality and thoughts, you have to be a bookworm. Generally speaking, most "well-informed" people don't have any good talents, and the reason why their works can't be successful is precisely because of blind reading. This kind of person, as Pope said, "just wants to be a reader, not an author".
The so-called "scholar" refers to a person who studies all day; Thinkers, inventors, geniuses and other human "benefactors" read "everything in the universe" directly.
Strictly speaking, only those who have their own fundamental thoughts can have truth and life. Why? Because only by knowing your own fundamental thoughts can you truly understand them thoroughly. Reading other people's thoughts from books is just picking up other people's wisdom or residue.
The concept we understand after reading is based on our own evidence, just as archaeologists infer ancient plants from fossils; Thoughts gushing from the heart are as scientific and objective as studying plants in the face of blooming flowers.
Reading is just thinking for yourself. We can only use books as "guides" when reading, and rely on others to guide our thoughts to a certain aspect. But then again, there are many books that are not only useless, but also lead us astray. If we are easily tempted by them, we will definitely go to rolling in the deep. Therefore, we should have a "patron saint" in our hearts, relying on him to point out the maze and lead to the right path. Only those who can think correctly have this patron saint. In other words, only those who can think freely and fairly can discover the spiritual path. So we should learn when the source of our thoughts is stagnant. The stagnation of the source of ideas often occurs in even the best minds. If not, it is really a sin for the holy spirit of thought to study hard and exile his thoughts to a quiet corner. This kind of people, like some aimless painters, look at dried plant specimens or landscapes carved by copper prints all day, leaving the natural scenery behind.
Thinkers often find a phenomenon: he searches for the truth or opinions he has obtained after a long period of research, and casually opens the book to read. It turns out that others have already discovered these arguments. Frustrated? Disappointed? You don't need this truth or opinion to be obtained through your own thinking, and its value is unparalleled. Only in this way can we prove the correctness of this truth or viewpoint and its theory be more easily understood and accepted by the public. In this way, you have become a new force in this truth, and this truth has become a branch of human ideological system. Moreover, unlike the general reading theory, it is just a passing sight. It is deeply rooted in your mind and will never disappear.
Think about everyone by yourself, and his views may be quoted as authoritative examples in the future. At this time, the "authority" is different from the "authority" that ordinary book philosophers think. The former's point of view has a strong connection with himself; The latter only collects and summarizes other people's opinions. It is like an automatic puppet made of some unknown materials, while the former is a fresh stranger, because it comes from the outside world in the "thinking heart" and is produced through the processes of conception, pregnancy and childbirth.
The truth learned is just like artificial hands, feet, dentures or wax noses, and skin transplantation, which are all attached to body organs-perhaps not as realistic as them. And the truth you think about, like the natural body and limbs, really belongs to you. This is the biggest difference between philosophical writing and ordinary scholars. Because of this, their spiritual gains are also very different. Philosophic figures are like a touching masterpiece painted by a painter with correct light and shadow, proper proportion and harmonious colors. What about scholars? He just arranged all kinds of pigments in an orderly way, just like a big palette, neither changing nor harmonizing, nor making any sense.
Reading is to replace your own thoughts with others'. Our views on ourselves, though not necessarily strict and compact, are always a coherent whole, and we can rely on it to develop into a certain system, which can be said to be more beneficial than reading to absorb other people's thoughts. Why? Because the latter's thoughts come from various spirits, belong to other people's systems, and other people's colors and opinions are integrated. His mind is full of different views, and the thoughts of a hundred schools of thought are mixed together, which is confusing. This overcrowded state of mind deprives a person of correct observation and makes him lose his own opinion, which is likely to lead to mental disorder. Almost all scholars have this phenomenon. Therefore, in terms of sound understanding and proper criticism, such people are far less than those who have learned little. Although the latter does not have the concept of ink, they rely on experience, experience and fragmentary reading to integrate what they have learned with their own thoughts, or surrender to them under their own thoughts, so they have their own opinions and judgments. In fact, the practice of academic thinkers is nothing more than this, but their scale is bigger and deeper. Thinkers need to read more books because they need a lot of knowledge, but their spirit is very strong, and they can overcome or assimilate all oriental books and integrate them into their own ideological system. Therefore, although their knowledge is getting bigger and bigger, they have already made an organic connection, which is recorded in their ideological system. On this occasion, the inherent thoughts of these thinkers, like the bass theme of the organ, dominate everything at any time and will never be suppressed by other tones. And the hodgepodge of knowledge in the mind, like a song infiltrated with a lot of noise, its basic tone is still difficult to find for a long time.
People who have studied all their lives learn their knowledge entirely from books. They like to read many books such as landscapes and travel notes. Although they can casually say something about a place or a country, how can they get in touch? What about humanities, products and customs? , can't say. On the other hand, people who have been thinking all their lives, like their native elders, can tell the ins and outs of local things and the overall relationship between various facts or legends and things as soon as they open their mouths.
The average "calligrapher" is like a researcher of history; People who think independently are still like witnesses of facts. The latter doesn't care about anything, understands directly based on personal experience, and will never follow suit. So thinkers are basically the same, but they are different because of their different footholds. But they all grasp the objective principle. If the event itself does not change their foothold, their views are no different. We can often experience that some ideas that are too unconventional are made public after hesitation. Later, in the books of ancient sages, I suddenly found the same opinion, so I felt a pleasant surprise. Shu Zhe, on the other hand, discussed nothing more than what A said, what B thought and how C raised questions, and then tried to make some criticisms and comparisons. The pursuit of truth. They are very much like historical writers who write reviews. For example. To study whether Spinoza's thought existed in Leibniz for a short time? The materials of these nosy people are Herbart's Anatomy and Interpretation of Moral and Natural Law and Letters on Freedom. When doing this kind of work, it is necessary to turn over the classics. I'm afraid that anyone will be surprised by their efforts! On the other hand, if you only have events in your eyes, you can achieve your goal by thinking a little. But then again, sitting and reading has its advantages. As long as you work hard, you can always achieve your goal, but not by thinking. Think like people. Not everyone can make you free at any time. Depends on whether people are happy or not. Thinking about something, such as all external opportunities and internal atmosphere are in harmony, will naturally come out. Only in this way, the idea is by no means what you already have. In this regard, we can be explained by thinking about our own interests and losses. When we decide our personal interests, we often deliberately choose a suitable time and place, sit still and think deeply, carefully analyze the reasons or reasons, and then explore the consequences ... In short, we have thought about everything, but in the end, we still haven't decided. Why? That's because it's irrelevant. If it's closed, it's chaotic. On this occasion, we often can't calm down and do other things. In addition, the aversion to this matter also constitutes a reason. So don't force yourself to think at this time, wait for the atmosphere of thinking to come naturally. This kind of atmosphere often comes suddenly and appears repeatedly. Different times, different situations, and different views on events. In this way, all kinds of ideas come slowly, and finally they are called "maturity of determination".
Why is the path of mature thinking so complicated? This is because the thinking process is mostly in a "split" state. As a result, things that have been experienced before gradually appear in front of you, and things are gradually clear and understood more deeply, so that you can bear to think, and the original taboos will disappear-so will theoretical thinking, and you must wait for a good opportunity. Besides, you don't always have a good attitude. Therefore, we'd better study in our spare time. Reading, as mentioned above, is a substitute for thinking, and there are many methods that others have come up with for us, which are different from ours and can provide us with spiritual materials. The nature of reading is so, so we don't need to read too many books, otherwise, the spirit will get used to the substitute and forget the thing itself; Always stepping on the road pioneered by others and forgetting to take your own way of thinking. Moreover, because you are often addicted to books, your eyes are divorced from the real world, and the opportunities and atmosphere for thinking are far less inspired by books than the real world, because the real world and the things in front of you have their originality and strength, which is the best object of thinking spirit; It is the easiest to promote this mental activity.
From this fact, it is not surprising that we can tell who is a thinker and who is a book philosopher from our works. Obviously, the former is sincere, direct and primitive, and all thoughts and expressions have independent characteristics; The latter, just picking up other people's wisdom and inheriting other people's ideas, is as weak and vague as stamping others. Besides, their style is composed of traditional cliches and popular sentences. This situation is like a country using other countries' currencies instead of its own.
Experience, like reading, cannot replace thinking. The relationship between pure experience and thinking is just like the relationship between food and digestion. If "experience" boasts that it can promote the development of human intelligence because of discovery, it is as ridiculous as boasting that the body exists entirely because of its work.
With truly capable minds, their "certainty" and "clarity" are beyond the reach of ordinary people. This kind of person's mind always has a clear desire to express himself-whether in poetry, prose or music. Most people don't, so we can immediately identify the author's mental ability and lack of ability.
The spiritual feature of first-class writers is that all their judgments are direct. The works they create are also the result of their own thinking. After publication, anyone can recognize them as first-class things on any occasion. Therefore, in the spiritual field, they are directly subordinate to the empire like princes, and other writers just stand in the position of accompanying ministers.
Therefore, people who really think are equal to the king of a country in the spiritual kingdom and have supreme authority. His judgment is like an imperial edict, and his words are authority-the monarch does not accept orders from others and does not know other authorities. On the contrary, ordinary writers who adhere to the popular view are like ordinary people who silently obey laws and orders.
Some people often cite authoritative words to argue about an event to replace their poor understanding and knowledge. What drew them out in the pen battle was like getting a huge backing, and the excitement was inexplicable. The formation of this reason is probably influenced by seneca's statement that "it is better to trust than to criticize". Because of the necessity of self-defense and attacking weapons during the debate, such people have neither thinking power nor critical power, so they have to quote the words of authority (which is also based on respect for authority), thinking that they can find the best amulet, argue with it plausibly and make a sound of victory.
In the real world, no matter how many reasons can be given to prove how happy we are, in fact, we only exercise under the action of gravity, and only by defeating it can we be happy. But in the world of thought, there is only spirit, no body, no law of gravity, and no poverty. Therefore, people with beautiful and rich hearts get inspiration at the moment of spiritual thinking, and their fun is by no means comparable to that of the secular world.
Thoughts come to mind, just like your lover is in front of you. You will never be cold to your lover, and we will never forget this miss. What if they leave you and disappear from your heart? No matter how good the idea is, if you don't write it down right away, I'm afraid you can't go back and find it if you want. The same is true between couples. If you don't marry her, you are in danger of leaving us.
For people who love to think, there are many valuable ideas in this world, but among these ideas, those that can rebound or reflect, that is, those that can resonate with readers after being written in the book, are rare.
At first, people thought about things of real value only for themselves-thinkers can be divided into two categories, one is thinking for themselves and the other is thinking for others. The former is called a "self-thinker". Only such a person can seriously think about things, so he is a real philosopher. In fact, the happiness and happiness in their lives are also in their thoughts. The latter can be called "sophist". They are eager to be called "thinkers". Their happiness lies not in themselves, but in the preferences of others. In other words, they are only keen to forge their own secular interests. There is another person in between, and we can only judge which one he belongs to by looking at all his practices. Richtenberg is a typical example of the first kind; Hegel obviously belongs to the second category.
Survival problem-this ambiguous, bitter, short-lived and dreamy problem, I am afraid that once we seriously explore, all the work will have to be put aside. In fact, except for a few people, most people have no feelings about this issue and even try to avoid it. They don't think this problem should be discussed and these ideas should not be applied to things that are closely related to them. In other words, just adopting a system of secular philosophy cannot satisfy the public-it is suspicious to say that "man is a thinking creature", and the so-called "thought" has become various explanations. In the future, people will not be particularly surprised by their rashness or stupidity-the horizon of wisdom of ordinary people is certainly broader than that of animals (animals can't be aware of the past and the future, only exist in "existence"), but it is not as far-reaching as ordinary people think.
If the world were full of people who really think, I think there wouldn't be so much noise! However, every corner of society is full of frightening and aimless noise. When the creator created man, if he can do as we wish, he really shouldn't put ears on us, at least he can put a "skin" in our ears like a bat (I really envy bats). But human beings are as poor as other animals. When God created man, he thought it was enough to maintain his own survival. People's ears were always open in order to report to us that the persecutor was approaching.