1. Unit 2 "Application of Percentages". Students will understand the meaning of "increase by a few percent" or "decrease by a few percent" in specific situations during the study of this unit, and deepen their understanding of the meaning of percentage; Can use the knowledge about percentage or use equations to solve some practical problems, improve the ability to solve practical problems, and feel the close relationship between percentage and daily life.
2. Unit 4 "Understanding Comparison". In this unit, students will experience the process of abstracting ratio from specific situations, and understand the meaning of ratio and its relationship with division and fraction. In the actual situation, to realize the necessity of simplifying the ratio, we must use the invariance of quotient and the basic properties of fraction to simplify the ratio; Be able to use the meaning of ratio to solve the practical problems of distribution according to a certain ratio, further understand the meaning of ratio, improve the ability to solve problems and feel the wide application of ratio in life.
(b) space and graphics
1. Unit 1 "Circle". In the learning process of this unit, students will understand the circle and its symmetry through observation, operation and other activities, understand the radius, diameter, the relationship between radius and diameter in the same circle, understand the essential characteristics of the circle and the function of the center and radius, and draw the circle with compasses; Combined with the specific situation, through practical activities such as hands-on experiment and pendulum operation, we explore and master the calculation method of the circumference and area of a circle, and realize the idea of "turning a curve into a straight line"; Combine the process of appreciating and drawing patterns, experience the application of circles in pattern design, design simple patterns with compasses, feel the beauty of patterns, and develop imagination and creativity. Develop the concept of space through activities such as observation, operation, imagination and pattern design; Combined with the specific situation, experiential mathematics is closely related to daily life, and simple phenomena in life can be explained by circular knowledge to solve some simple practical problems; Combined with reading the development history of pi, we can understand the process of human beings' continuous exploration of mathematical knowledge, feel the charm of mathematical culture, stimulate national pride and form positive feelings for mathematics.
2. Unit 3 "Graphic Transformation". In the learning process of this unit, students will experience the process of making complex graphics by simple graphic translation or rotation through observation, operation and imagination, and can express the transformation process of graphic translation or rotation in an orderly manner and develop the concept of space; After the process of pattern design by translation, rotation or axial symmetry, I can flexibly design patterns on square paper by translation, rotation and axial symmetry; Combine appreciating and designing beautiful patterns to feel the magic of the graphic world.
Unit 6 "Observing Objects". Students will be able to correctly identify the shapes of three-dimensional graphics (five small cubes) observed from different directions (front, side and top) and draw sketches; Three-dimensional graphics (the combination of five cubes) can be restored according to the plane graphics observed on the front, side and above, and the shape of the three-dimensional graphics can be further determined by observing from three directions; According to the shape of the plane figure observed in two given directions, the number range of cubes needed to construct this three-dimensional figure can be determined; Experience the process of abstracting the range of eyes, sight and observation into points, lines and regions respectively, feel that the range of observation changes with the change of observation points and angles, and can use the knowledge learned to explain some phenomena in life.
(3) Statistics and probability
Unit 7 Statistics. In the learning process of this unit, students will get to know the compound bar and line charts through the examples of pitching competition and precipitation in two cities, and feel the characteristics of the compound bar and line charts. You can choose a composite bar chart and a composite line chart according to your needs to effectively represent the data; Be able to read simple composite statistical charts, make simple judgments and predictions according to statistical results, and communicate with peers.
(4) Comprehensive application
This textbook arranges three major theme activities: "Mathematics and Physical Education" and "Numbers in Life" to urge students to comprehensively apply what they have learned to solve practical problems in a certain field of life. The textbook also arranges a special topic of "Looking at pictures to find relationships", aiming to make students understand that pictures can depict relationships intuitively, clearly and simply. At the same time, in the study of other specific contents, arrange some activities of comprehensively applying knowledge to solve simple practical problems. In these activities, students will comprehensively use the knowledge and methods they have learned to solve practical problems and feel the role of mathematics in daily life; Get some preliminary experience and methods of mathematical activities, and develop the ability to solve problems and think with mathematics; Feel the relationship between mathematical knowledge and understand the role of mathematics; In the process of cooperation and communication with peers, cultivate interest and self-confidence in mathematics learning.
(5) sorting out and reviewing
The textbooks are arranged to be sorted out and reviewed twice. Organize and review, change the mode of simply doing problems, and pay attention to cultivating students' self-reflection consciousness. Each sorting and review is divided into three parts: sorting out what you have learned, asking math questions and trying to answer some exercises.
The purpose of "What have you learned" column is to encourage students to review and reflect on what they have learned, and simply sort out the main contents of what they have learned by using lists or other forms.
"Use what you have learned to ask relevant mathematical questions and try to solve them", aiming at cultivating students' ability to ask and solve problems; Deepen the understanding of the learned knowledge in the process of solving problems; Review your own experience and progress in the learning process.
Third, the intention and characteristics of textbook compilation
This textbook strives to embody the basic characteristics of the whole set of textbooks, attach importance to students' life experience, and closely link mathematics with reality; Presenting learning content with students' mathematical activities as the main line; Create vivid and interesting situations to guide students to experience abstract mathematical models and their interpretation and application in the process of solving practical problems, so as to gain an understanding and experience of mathematical knowledge; Pay attention to developing students' sense of number, spatial concept and statistical concept; Avoid stylized narration and rigid practice of "arithmetic". The specific performance is as follows:
1. In number and algebra, we attach importance to using the meaning of percentage to solve practical problems, attaching importance to the process of abstracting ratio from concrete examples and understanding the meaning of comparison.
2. In the study of space and graphics, we should pay attention to the exploration of the characteristics of the circle, the calculation of the circumference and area of the circle, the transformation of graphics and the observation of objects, and develop the concept of space.
3. In the study of statistics, we should pay attention to understanding the composite statistical chart with realistic materials and get as much information as possible from the chart.
4. Students will comprehensively use the knowledge and methods they have learned to solve practical problems and feel the role of mathematics in daily life when they carry out thematic activities; Get some preliminary experience and methods of mathematical activities, and develop the ability to solve problems and think with mathematics; Feel the relationship between mathematical knowledge and understand the role of mathematics; In the process of cooperation and communication with peers, cultivate interest and self-confidence in mathematics learning.