History of Jin Dynasty:
According to Jin Dynasty literature and Chinese records, Nvzhen is a part of Mohong (pinyin: mò hé) tribe, and the other part of Mohong is seven tribes, called "Heishui Mohong", who live in the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang ("Heishui" is one of the many names of Heilongjiang). The first generation ancestors of Nvzhen originated from Heishui. Jin Taizu Akuta, the leader of the Jurchen nationality, founded Huining House (now Acheng District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province) in115, with the title of Daikin.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Jin Dynasty formed an alliance with the Northern Song Dynasty, declared war on the Liao Dynasty, and destroyed Liao in 1 125. However, the Northern Song Dynasty failed to fight Liao twice, and Jin immediately tore up the contract with the Northern Song Dynasty and went south to the Central Plains twice, destroying the Northern Song Dynasty in 1 127. Moving the capital to Zhongdu, it owns North China and Central China to the north of the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River, making the Southern Song Dynasty, Xixia and Mobei Tatar and Kelie tribes submit and dominate East Asia.
During the period of Jin Shizong and Jin Zhangzong, the political culture of the Jin Dynasty reached its peak, but it gradually declined in the middle and late period of Jin Zhangzong. The combat effectiveness of the 8 Jin Army continues to decline, and even if the rulers offer generous salaries, they can't stop it. The relationship between Jurchen nationality and Han nationality has never been able to find a suitable path.
During the period of Di Chin Wanyan Yongji and Jin Xuanzong, the Jin Dynasty was invaded by the newly emerging Mongolia in the north, and its interior was also ready to move, with constant infighting. The people in Hebei and Shandong continued their uprising, and finally it was forced to move south to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan). Then, in order to restore strength, they fought with Xixia and Southern Song Dynasties, consuming each other's strength. 1234, the Jin Dynasty perished under the attack of Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty.
1165438+in 2005, akuta proclaimed himself emperor, and said to his ministers, "Liao took wrought iron as its name and iron as its strength. Although wrought iron is strong, it will eventually deteriorate, and only gold will remain unchanged. " Therefore, taking Daikin as the country name, I hope it will never change or be bad. According to legend, Jurchen rose in Jinshui, hence the name Jin. In some documents, "Jin Yuan" has therefore become synonymous with the State of Jin.
As a new conquering dynasty established by the Jurchen nationality, the Jin Dynasty had a strong tribal system. In the early days, the aristocratic collegiate system was adopted. Then, after absorbing the system of Liao and Song Dynasties, it gradually moved from dual politics to a single Sino-French system, which made the political mechanism of Jin Dynasty simple and powerful.
Militarily, the system of combining military and civilian is adopted, and the elite fighters and firearms have defeated many powerful countries one after another. Most of the economy inherited from the Song Dynasty, ceramics and ironmaking flourished, and foreign trade monopoly controlled the economic lifeline of Xixia. Jurchen nobles occupied the fields in North China and enslaved the Han nationality, which aggravated the contradiction between the two sides. With the decline of the Jin Dynasty, the Han people rose up in succession.
The Jin Dynasty was also gradually sinicized in culture. In the middle period, it became more and more common for nuzhen nobles to change their Chinese surnames and wear Hanfu, which was repeatedly banned by the court. Jin Shizong actively advocated learning Jurchen script and Jurchen language, but still failed to recover the trend of Jurchen sinicization. Medicine and mathematics have developed by leaps and bounds. The theories of the four masters in Jin and Yuan Dynasties had an important influence on the development of traditional Chinese medicine, and the refinement of Tianyuan and the revision of Rebuilding Daming Calendar had an important influence on mathematics in Yuan Dynasty.